广东再推土地立法试验

一纸即将公布的"通知",让广东的土地改革再次提速,并走在全国前列. 这份名为<关于加强农村宅基地管理的通知>(以下称<管理通知>)由广东省国土资源厅(以下称广东国土厅)草拟,并已上报省政府审批.     

USSR

Statistical Annex

USSR     

Shareholder wealth responses to European legislation on bank executive compensation

This paper uses an event study approach to investigate the shareholder wealth responses to European legislation on bank executive compensation. Using a sample of 124 banks over 2009–2010 and over 20 legislative and related events, we find that in early stages bank shareholders react positively to broad discussion at the EU level on executive pay. When plans to regulate the pay process are considered, however, this results in a negative stockholder reaction. We also find that large bank shareholders are most affected by remuneration policy.     

Insider trading legislation and corporate governance

This paper analyzes the impact of insider trading legislation on corporate governance. In a context where large, dominant shareholders can monitor underperforming companies, managers have an incentive to give early warnings about adverse developments to dominant shareholders. This information is effectively a bribe to induce dominant shareholders to sell their stock and refrain from intervention. If insider trading is unregulated, dominant shareholders collude with management at the expense of small shareholders. The optimal regime forces the company to disclose all material information to the market. Private contracting between companies and shareholders leads to optimal insider trading regulation only if initial shareholders can enter a binding commitment, otherwise large shareholders and managers recontract at the expense of small shareholders. Enforcement also matters. European Union legislation requires inside information to be precise. Such a narrow definition creates a grey zone, where information is private but cannot be classified as inside information. As a result the effectiveness of corporate governance and firm value are reduced. Regulation in the US that treats shareholders with a stake exceeding 10% as insiders is potentially harmful.     

The impact of legislation on divorce: a hazard function approach

"The paper examines the impact of the introduction of no-fault divorce legislation in Australia. The approach used is rather novel, a hazard model of the divorce rate is estimated with the role of legislation captured via a time-varying covariate. The paper concludes that contrary to U.S. empirical evidence, no-fault divorce legislation appears to have had a positive impact upon the divorce rate in Australia."     

Political legislation cycle in the Czech Republic

Politicians’ efforts to stay in office may lead to the occurrence of political cycles in legislation activity. The aim of this article is to analyze the political legislation cycles in a post-socialist economy of a young democracy, namely in the Czech Republic. Our estimation of the relationship between the number of approved laws and various explanatory variables suggests that the timing of elections has an impact on legislation activity. As an electoral term matures and upcoming elections approach, an increase is observed in legislation activity through which an incumbent government seeks to maximize its chances of re-election.     

完善我国的可持续能源立法

能源的开发利用是环境污染和生态破坏的重要根源。按照可持续发展的要求，建立一套完善的可持续能源法律保障体系，确保能源与社会经济、环境的协调发展，是当今世界各国在实现可持续发展战略中的共同选择。     

Theoretical problems of demographic policy in the USSR

The recent emphasis in the USSR on long-range economic and social planning, as well as the country's current demographic situation, necessitates the adoption of demographic policies to create the type of population reproduction which is in the longterm interest of the society. Socioeconomic policies may have bothnegative and positive effects on demographic processes, and these effects may be delayed for 25 years or more. In the past, when economic and social plans covered only 5-year periods, the impact of these plans on demographic factors could be ignored. In longterm planning these consequences cannot be ignored. Population policies must address the longterm consequences of socioeconomic development, the regional variations in population parameters, and the complexities of the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors. As socialist societies evolve they eventually reach a stage where it is necessary to develop a theory and a methodolgy for managing demographic processes. The development of appropriate demographic goals and policies will require the cooperation of not only demographers, but of medical professionals, sociologists, and economists. The initial tasks of a goal oriented population program should be to stabilize the birth rate, to prevent further declines in fertility rates, to increase life expectancy to its biological limits, to reduce death rates, to equalize regional living standards, to control immigration, and to improve resettlement programs. Eventually policymakers must address the problem of developing an optimal and uniform level of reproduction for the nation as a whole. An organization structure, both at the national and regional level for developing and implementing the population program must be specified. Regional programs must be coordinated at the national level and developed in accordance with national goals.     

国外棕地治理对我国城市闲置土地利用的启示

棕地作为工业化发展导致的一种闲置土地的类型其在国外的相关研究已比较深入,将其引入为我国闲置土地利用研究提供借鉴具有重要意义。通过介绍棕地的概念内涵及国外主要国家的棕地治理模式,将棕地和我国闲置土地进行对比分析,借鉴国外棕地的再利用模式,为我国闲置土地研究及再利用提供一些经验启示,并从中寻找适合我国闲置土地再利用的治理模式。     

Analysis on mechanism of land resource security

This paper prohes into the relationship among individual benefits, benefits of the country. common benefits of all humans in land use and land resource security. The following balanced land use model is proposed： the harmonious and interactive relationship between man and nature, two main bodies of land ecological system, constitutes the mechanism of land resources security; The feedback relationship between man and nature is the basis for the land resources security and the core is the relationship among people established for the benefit equilibrium in land use. The conflicts in land use stem from the rarity of land resource and the solution to those conflicts in harmony helps land resource security.     

中国土地私有化辨析

在土地所有制问题上,一些人主张土地私有化。其理由如下:能够实现农民的愿望,保护农民的根本利益;优化土地资源配置,让农民富裕,从根本上解决"三农"问题;促进工业化和城镇化;消除土地管理和征地拆迁上的腐败,维护社会稳定;适应市场经济的要求,再造中国经济政治制度的产权基础。我们反对土地私有化的主要理由如下:历史证明,土地私有制不是万能的;可能严重损害农民利益;不能保证"耕者有其田";不可能使得大部分农民卖地致富;会使农民丧失最后一条保障线;不一定能消除土地抛荒,不利于规模经营和农田水利等基础设施建设;不能完全消除与土地有关的腐败现象;会提高工业化和城镇化的成本,有害于土地配置效率提高;可能导致城市贫民窟化;不能从根本上解决"三农"问题;不利于保障中国的粮食安全;不利于维持社会稳定和坚持社会主义方向。