Some economic considerations for a black separatist state in the United States

Summary and Conclusion Upon reflection, it appears that one of the major sources of N.S.’s difficulties is to be found in its poverty of skilled human resources, which can be seen in relationship to the occupational structure of its labor force. This was clearly brought out above in Table 3, which graphically displays the almost classic weaknesses of its labor force by occupation and industry-i.e., the suboptimal distribution of skilled manpower vis-à-vis unskilled labor.     

Effects of community,family, and education on earnings of black and white men

Summary The primary purpose of this paper was to determine the effect of background on the education and earnings of black and white men.It was largely motivated by a desire to quantify the extent to which past discrimination against Blacks, resulting in lower achievement, inhibits the progress of individuals today in a somewhat more benign environment.It has demonstrated that both community and family background factors are important in determining the levels of education and earnings of black and white men.The community effects for Blacks operate largely through their moving into more integrated neighborhoods, so that many positive community externalities are apparently not available to families in predominantly black middle-class neighborhoods.While the effects of father’s education, city origin, and community income are comparable between Blacks and whites, white men’s education is more affected by number of siblings, family income, and age of 1968 head of household than is black men’s education.The relative sizes of the coefficients of these latter variables are consistent with steeper age-earnings profiles for older white men than older black men and higher prices paid for investing in children by black parents.     

我国“两岸四地”价格水平差距的比较研究——基于世界银行2011年国际比较项目(ICP)结果的分析

对世界银行2011年一轮国际比较项目(ICP)结果的研究发现,我国两岸四地价格水平存在一定差距。2011年,价格总水平最高的是香港,其余依次是澳门、大陆和台湾地区;分项目看,服务类价格水平差异较大,而商品类价格水平差异较小;从趋势看,2005~2011年大陆、澳门价格水平上升,香港、台湾地区价格水平下降,相互之间差距缩小。在剔除价格水平差异因素之后,大陆经济发展水平和居民消费水平与其他三地存在较大差距。研究表明,影响两岸四地货币购买力和价格水平的因素很多,主要有经济发展水平、通胀率、汇率、经济全球化、竞争优势等。此外,需注意国际比较项目因调查数据质量问题、比较方法缺陷可能引起比较结果的系统性偏差。     

交通枢纽商圈的甘苦

如今在申城,三大火车站的周围已建起成熟的商业圈,为旅客提供餐饮、购物、休闲等一站式服务。不过,三大火车站商圈的风格各不相同,经营现状也不同：上海站商铺都在地面,远离候车大楼,布局较分散,     

A comparison of the technical efficiencies of health districts and hospitals in Botswana

An attempt is made here to construct and present relative efficiency indices for the services rendered by health districts and specific hospitals in Botswana, using Stochastic Frontier Regression analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis. The analysis indicated that three districts - Kweneng East, Kgalagadi and Boteti - have efficiency scores below the optimum level. Among the 13 hospitals considered, Tsabong Primary Hospital was found to have an efficiency score of less than one. Since the health services involve a number of factors, these indices ought to serve as indicators for further scrutiny of those units (health districts and hospitals) that fall below the optimum efficiency level. The data used for the analysis are from the published material by the Central Statistics Office, Botswana for the year 1997. Health is considered one of the major concerns of the government of Botswana. As a consequence, the authors feel that this study will be useful to policy makers and health planners in giving them some kind of relative ranking among health districts and hospitals.     

The impact of black mayors on the black community: The case of New Orleans’ ernest morial

Conclusion Dutch Morial is deeply respected by the New Orleans black community. According to a poll conducted in April 1983 by Rose-Stekler Associates, 80% of the black respondents gave Morial “excellent” or “good” job ratings, compared to only 11% who found him doing a “fair” or “poor” job. Despite very limited resourses, the Morial mayoralty has facilitated the entrance of the black middle class into the governmental process, providing access to city contracts and administrative positions. On the other hand, the black underclass has received meager rewards in the form of employment or a reduction in police brutality. Hopefully, economic development, in the long-run, will create jobs and provide additional city revenue to fund services for the poor. But for now, the primary impact of a black mayor on the black community of New Orleans has been symbolic kinds of benefits. Yet the potential positive benefits of a black mayor serving as a role model for black youth, as well as the value of civil rights rhetoric in fostering hopefulness and a more self-reliant black community, should not be underestimated. The characterization of the status of the civil rights movement in 1983 offered by C. T. Vivian, head of the Anti-Klan Network, well applies to New Orleans black community today: “Everything has changed and nothing has changed. The statistics are still terrible. But the atmosphere is totally different.”⁴⁹     

Trends in government promotion of black entrepreneurship

The Review of Black Political Economy -     

Unemployment levels of Black people in Natal census districts according to the 1985 census

The basic needs approach to development is based on the premise that all people are entitled to adequate consumption goods (nutrition, shelter, clothing) and state‐provided infrastructure (health care, education, potable water, sanitation and transport). Consumption needs are financed (in the absence of a well‐developed social welfare system) largely by income from employment. The black population in employment as a percentage of the economically active, in the 1985 census districts in Natal, black population in employment as a percentage of the economically active age cohort and the employed as a percentage of the total population were calculated in order to establish the census districts (and the urban and non urban sectors of these census districts) where employment levels are lowest. It is possible on the basis of this data to target employment creation at the census districts where it would be most beneficial.     

区港联动:我国主要港口加快发展的必由之路

一、港口与保税区--我国对外贸易的通道与桥梁 2003年,大陆沿海港口完成货物吞吐量19.8亿吨,比2002年增长18.6%,上海、大连、秦皇岛、天津、宁波、青岛、广州、深圳等八大港口货物吞吐量均超过亿吨,加上香港、高雄,我国亿吨大港已占世界亿吨大港半壁江山,其中上海港超过3亿吨,成为世界第三大港.2003年全国集装箱运输完成4800万标箱,跃居世界第一,比2002年增长31%,其中上海、深圳港完成1128万标箱和1062万标箱,分别列世界集装箱大港第三和第四.香港突破2000万标箱,雄踞全球龙头老大.港口已成为我国对外开放的门户和窗口,对外开放的港口已有140多个,中国已与50多个国家签订了海运协定,已有30多个国家近百家境外航运公司获准在中国港口开辟集装箱班轮航线.港口在推动中国经济发展中起到越来越重要的作用.     

The black stake in global interdependence

This article first appeared in The Review of Black Political Economy, Vol 6, No. 4 (Summer 1976), pp. 408-419.     

A note on black economic well-being in the North and West

Conclusion These very positive gains in economic well-being for certain categories of black families do not surprise us. Those in which the head is under 35 and live in the North and the West have had relatively more opportunity open to them as a result of some of the strong enforcement policies of the late sixties and affirmative action programs. This group of the black population, by and large, is better educated, more mobile, and more job-ready. It is, therefore, in a position to be more productive and thereby earn relatively higher incomes when society relaxes some of its discriminating tendencies. No such advantages, however, are available to the households headed by females or older households which comprise the overwhelming members of families in poverty.