基于基金平衡指数的个人账户养老金调整策略

基于资产与负债构建的养老基金平衡指数,综合反映了基金的财务支付能力和资金使用效率。本文研究结果表明：把平衡指数内生至养老金调整模型后,可随着支付能力的变化而动态调整养老保障水平;当支付能力不足时,使用经过平衡指数调整后的记账利率,其效果要优于调整养老金增长率,而且更加符合生命周期消费理论和参保者的风险承受能力;从长期来看,经济类指标对平衡指数起关键作用,人口类指标的影响要小得多,表明此策略能有效降低人口老龄化产生的支付压力;本策略不仅具有内生性,而且更具稳健性和可操作性。     

基于资金净值的个人账户养老金动态调整研究

为了建立一个既能自动实现平衡,又能充分发挥养老功能的个人账户养老金调整机制,本文根据精算平衡原理,基于个人账户的资金净值构建养老金的动态调整模型。研究表明,本模型能够自动修正预测偏差,自动实现精算平衡,且具內生性;不仅可以在总量上保持平衡,最大程度发挥养老功能,而且每年的支付能力也是充足的;具有稳健性和可操作性,对调整因子等价转换后,调整养老全时就不要对参数进行预测了。     

积极筹措社保资金 扎实做好社保工作

2001年，西宁市社会保障工作在市委、市政府的领导下，在上级财政部门的大力支持下，紧紧围绕“两个确保”不断调整财政支出结构，努力增加社会保障资金投人，保证了全市国有企业下岗职工基本生活费、离退休人员养老金和城镇贫困居民最低生活保障资金的足额发放。同时，     

缺失的“养老金”!？——深圳康乐大厦物业专项维修资金之困调查

物业专项维修资金是小区住宅的“养老金”，当商品住宅时月经久，出现了“病症”时，就得动用这笔“养老金”进行相应的修缮，使其恢复健康。但若缺失“养老金”，就得带病运行，最先受害的便是小区业主。     

基于精算模型参数调整个人账户缴费率实证研究

日益加剧的人口老龄化使我国养老保险制度改革面临新的挑战,如何完善养老保险缴费机制引起社会广泛关注。本文基于个人账户视角,构建养老金个人账户缴费率精算模型,对模型参数调整进行数值计算。研究显示:利率对个人账户缴费率影响显著。分析还发现扩大个人账户与降低统筹费率可同时并举。     

服务延伸产品差异化:服务增强机制探讨--基于Hotelling地点模型框架内的理论分析

本文以“制造业服务增强”研究为起源，在经典的地点差异化模型框架内，构建了服务延伸产品差异化的完全信息动态博弈模型：“同质化模型”和“附加服务的差异化模型”，并求取其均衡解，从经济学角度对“服务增强”的重要机制——服务延伸产品差异化以增强产品竞争力并获取价值进行了分析。模型构建和讨论表明：（1）服务能有效延伸产品差异化并增强产品竞争力，它提升了厂商价值和消费者剩余，是提高社会总福利的“双向增强”；（2）消费需求模式的变化是服务增强现象出现的关键因素，而厂商移动的边际成本对其采取差异化竞争战略有重要影响；（3）服务增强是一个动态过程，具有明显的行业差异性。     

从扩大消费看保增长意义

中央经济上作会议指出,把改善民生作为保增长的出发点和落脚点。要以提高居民收入水平和扩大最终消费需求为重点,调整国民收入分配格局。提高居民收入在国民收入中的比重,继续做好调整企业退休人员养老金工作,提高居民财产性收入,大力促进农民消费,稳定发展住房消费和汽车消费,着力发展服务消费和旅游消费,不断增强最终消费能力。会议明确将加大对低收入家庭的补贴和救助力度。此外,还要较大幅度增加公共支出,     

应对苏州人口老龄化的金融产品与服务创新--以国际经验为鉴

人口老龄化是21世纪全球最突出的社会现象之一。资金保障问题给世界各国的养老体系和政府财政构成巨大压力。我国同样也面对着严峻的养老资金保障问题。我国社会保障养老金的保值增值需要更多的投资途径。苏州人口老龄化形势同样严峻，除了社保养老金的增值需要更多的投资品种，人们更需要增强自身的投资理财意识，为自己的养老进行理财规划，需要有更丰富的金融产品进行投资。作为经济基础良好、金融业相对发达的地区，在苏金融机构应该从了解老龄人金融消费需求与消费特征出发，设计出相应的产品，并进行服务方面的创新，从而为养老事业做出贡献。     

公债支持的财政扩张影响国民经济的资本市场渠道

研究目标:构建包含结构化资本市场的金融CGE模型，重点分析公债支持的财政扩张通过资本市场渠道对国民经济的影响。研究方法:构建了一个包含公债的结构化资本市场以及反映国民经济各主体在市场上统筹性地筹措及运用资金的金融CGE模型，通过模拟分析研究公债支持的财政扩张政策。研究发现:公债支持的财政支出扩张，无论是生产投资支出还是消费支出，都会对民间消费产生“挤出效应”而对其生产投资产生“挤入效应”,对生产投资的挤入效应将提高社会的资本形成速度进而提高经济增速。这是由于公债增发影响了资本市场结构，引导家庭为了保持其最优的资产组合而增加对其他金融资产的持有，令其金融投资曲线右移。这虽然导致家庭收入中用于消费的支出下降，但企业得以从资本市场上获得更多的资金，从而推动其生产投资的增长。研究创新:在分析框架中引入了包括公债在内的结构化资本市场以及市场中各类国民经济主体的统筹性的资金筹措及运用，考察了以公债所支持的财政扩张如何通过对资本市场的结构性影响而影响国民经济的“资本市场渠道”,对有关财政扩张是否挤入民间投资及其对经济增长的影响这一经典命题提供了补充性的讨论。研究价值:提出了财政政策影响国民经济的资本...     

马凯：调整投资和消费两手都要硬

合理调整投资与消费的关系,已然成为构建和谐社会、保证社会再生产各环节协调发展与经济稳定持续增长的根本要素之一。对此,国家发展和改革委员会主任马凯表示,调整投资和消费的关系要“两手抓”:一手是继续控制投资的过快增长;另一手是不断扩大国内的消费需求。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.