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1.
将新制度经济学中交易费用理论引入公共产品供给分析,给出了供给公共产品的主体确定的理论模型,并在威廉姆森范式扩展的基础上得出了各个主体的边界,认为最优公共产品供给方式的选择和主体边界的确定,取决于公共产品供给过程中发生的交易费用.测算了中国公私部门供给公共产品过程中存在的交易费用,发现就我国公共产品的供给而言,在一定的条件下将公共产品供给由政府部门交给私人部门与第三部门可以节约交易费用,提高公共产品供给的效率. 相似文献
2.
Dahmardeh Nazar Pourshahabi Vahid 《中国经济评论(英文版)》2009,8(10):19-24
Agility metrics are difficult to define in general, mainly due to the multidimensionality and vagueness of the concept of agility itself. In this paper, a knowledge-based framework is utilized for the measurement and assessment of public sector＇s agility by A. T. Kearney model. In this research, the authors used Z2 test in SPSS software. So, the authors discovered that the General Office of Standards ＆ Industrial Research of Sistan ＆ Baluchestan Province in Iran is agile. Finally, the authors determine the weakness points of organization by Friedman test. 相似文献
3.
Abstract When there are two groups of officials in a public organization, we show that depending on the groups’ behavior – collusive or competitive – increasing the level of monitoring and punishment may have different impacts on corruption. If the two groups of public officials had been demonstrating collusive behavior, increased monitoring or punishment reduces both the level of corrupt activities and the corrupt officials’ bribe revenues. However, if the groups had not been colluding, increased monitoring reduces the level of corruption, but increases the corruption revenues collected. Only after reaching the optimum level of monitoring, is this result reversed. 相似文献
4.
政府支出的成本效益分析——基于公共选择理论的思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从经济角度上来说,任何一种事业都有其投入与产出。投入就意味着支付一定的代价或称做成本;产出则可获得一定的利益或称为效益。但进行公共支出项目的成本效益分析所应包括的成本和效益的内容不同于私人项目。从公共选择理论的角度分析了公共支出项目的成本—效益分析的特点、理论及其原则。 相似文献
5.
结合社会资本的概念分析了第三部门不同于政府、市场的作用,指出第三部门有利于促进社会资本的积累,解决公共物品的供给问题.在我国改革开放的过程中,第三部门的出现有其必要性与合理性;同时,又由于其特殊的生成方式导致了第三部门生命的脆弱性和人格的二重性,制约了其供给公共物品的效率. 相似文献
6.
我国政府投资与民间投资的发展演变 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
政府投资对拉动我国经济增长在历史上曾经起到了积极作用,但也产生了许多消极影响.随着民营经济的发展,它在推动经济增长中的主导地位日益降低,并逐步被民间投资取代.民间投资具有巨大的潜力和明显的优势,它的发展对于推动增长、扩大内需、增加就业、提高人民的收入,将起到积极的作用.本文分析了政府投资和民间投资的发展变化现状、趋势,提出了促进民间投资的有关措施. 相似文献
7.
新经济条件下构建公共部门人力资源开发体系的战略思考 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
经济全球化和知识经济的到来对公共人力资源的素质和能力提出了更高的要求,公共部门人力资源开发具有前所未有的重要性和紧迫性.因而,考察以公务员为主体的公共部门人力资源现状,并进一步从战略性人力资源开发目标、理念、核心、根本手段和现实途径等视角研究公共部门人力资源开发体系的建设具有重要的现实意义. 相似文献
8.
Lant Pritchett 《Journal of Economic Growth》2000,5(4):361-384
The cost of public investment is not the increment to the value ofpublic capital. Unlike with private investors, there is no plausiblebehavioral model in which every dollar that the public sectorspends as ``investment' creates economically valuable ``capital.'While this simple analytic point is obvious, it has so far beenuniformly ignored in the empirical literature on economic growth,which uses—at best—cumulated, depreciated, investmenteffort (CUDIE) as a proxy for capital stocks. However, particularlyfor developing countries the difference between investment costand capital value is of first-order empirical importance: governmentinvestment is half of more of total investment, and calculationspresented here suggest that in many countries government investmentspending has created little useful capital. This has implicationsin three broad areas. First, none of the existing empirical estimatesof the impact of public spending has identified the productivityof public capital. Even where public capital has a potentiallylarge contribution to production, public-investment spendingmay have had a low impact. Second, it implies that all estimatesof total factor productivity in developing countries are deeplysuspect as there is no way to empirically distinguish betweenlow growth because of investments that create no factors andlow growth due to slow productivity growth. Third, multivariateregressions to date have not adequately controlled for capitalstock growth, which leads to erroneous interpretations of regressioncoefficients. 相似文献
9.
The Gender Gap Index (GGI) is very useful when it comes to international comparisons, and it offers diverse and interesting approaches to equality, human wellbeing, and development. The central goal of this paper is to demonstrate the way in which this index is indirectly related to the distribution of public expenditure in different strategic sectors of economic development. When reducing healthcare and education expenditures in order to service the external debt due to institutional investors of the shadow financial system (SFS), the gender gap widens because of the austerity policies implemented by the state. This contributes to deepening of the unpaid work within the household, alongside widening the gender gap. 相似文献
10.
11.
The realization of the value of training for employees can take time as the training contributes dynamically to an extended development process. This research examines the empirical returns to training in three post-training situations: when the employee remains in the same job and with the same employer; when the employee transfers to a different job but remains with the same employer (internal mobility); and when the employee moves to a different employer (external mobility). Panel data and fixed effects (FE) methodology are used to quantify the joint effects of in-job training and mobility, while minimizing the potentially biasing effect of unobserved ability. In a period when public sector employment in Britain was contracting sharply, the short-term returns to training are nonetheless greater in the public sector, while the medium-term returns for both public sector and private sector employees depend on remaining within sector. The general/specific training mix, institutional influences, adverse selection, and the concept of ‘transferable’ training, all contribute to interpretation. 相似文献
12.
This paper develops a model of the relationship between public sector employment, total output and aggregate real demand
in market prices, where public employment has a positive productivity effect on private output. Public employment crowds out
private employment and output because its increase induces higher wages and taxes. The valuation of government output is also
taken into account. While public employment affects total output and aggregate real demand in an a priori ambiguous way, numerical
simulations suggest that the relationship may be nonlinear; positive, when public sector is “small” and negative, when it
is “large”. Using the annual data from 22 OECD countries over the period 1960–1996 and estimating and testing for threshold
models and more commonly used specifications with multiplicative interaction terms give support to this nonlinearity hypothesis
between public employment and private sector output.
First version received: October 1996/Final version received: April 2000 相似文献
13.
Over the past several decades there has been dramatically increased attention paid to measuring the performance of public sector and nonprofit organizations in the United States and elsewhere. Recent research has indicated that public sector and nonprofit organizations are responsive to performance measurement in both productive and unproductive ways. However, it is not yet known how stakeholders respond to this measurement. This paper makes use of a unique panel survey dataset of the population of elementary and middle schools in the state of Florida to directly investigate this question. We exploit the fact that Florida changed its school grading system in 2002 and study the degree to which private contributions to schools are responsive to the information contained in school grades. We find evidence that school grades can have substantial effects on a school's ability to obtain private contributions. We also observe that schools serving different clienteles are treated differently in response to changes in school grades. 相似文献
14.
Barry Naughten 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2013,32(4):440-453
For Labor, the core approach to mitigating climate change is the pricing of carbon emissions. The primary purpose of this article is to defend this approach, specifically in the electricity sector and under Australian conditions. In so doing, it rebuts recent arguments to the contrary put by the Liberal National Party Coalition (LNP). The article underscores the longer run impact of emission pricing, and price expectations, when the key mechanism is about switching investment toward less emissions‐intensive technologies. This core approach of emission pricing is also supported by so‐called “complementary policies”. These can assist in the cost‐effective reduction of emissions, for example by addressing certain “imperfect information”, “market failure” problems and institutional distortions, as well as uncertain expectations about future emission price trajectories. For the LNP, the core policy is presented as “direct action”. However, at least some “complementary policies” can also be described as “direct action”. Properly applied, selected “direct action” policies (however labelled) can contribute to achieving emission targets at least cost, providing that distortions due to rent‐seeking are avoided, notably through transparent, accountable and evidence‐based policy‐making. 相似文献
15.
This paper examines warehouse workers' experiences of the labour process and employment relations in an ambient food distribution depot governed by a labour management system described as lean logistics. Lean logistics is seen by the sector as an aid to, and necessary development of, the globalisation of the sector's supply chain (global commodity chain). The focus is on how the restructuring of work as a result of lean logistics and the consequent imposition of a supermarket Taylorist work culture led to the demise of an industrial workplace culture and a dramatic deterioration in pay and working conditions. The latter included an increase in the scope and intensity of management control of labour. 相似文献
16.
自主创新与全球价值链嵌入产业升级 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
中国嵌入全球价值链的产业处于一种从属、被支配的地位。这需要推动产业升级以改善产业的价值链地位,提升产业竞争力。嵌入产业的升级离不开自主创新,自主创新促进产业升级,积极采取措施推动自主创新实施才能逐步市场化,从而全面打破全球价值链对中国的低端锁定。 相似文献
17.
In the period from 1995 to 2008, many countries experienced what we call the “value-added erosion.” It describes the decline in the sectoral shares of domestic value-added in a country’s exports as the country becomes more integrated into the global value chains (GVCs). We argue that the decline of the domestic value-added share in a country’s exports is likely to be caused by the expansion of high value-adding activities performed by foreign lead firms in the upper stream of the GVCs. The variables of interest — the domestic value-added share in exports and foreign high-skill labor embodied in a country’s exports (a proxy for foreign lead firms’ high value-adding activities) — are estimated using a multi-regional global input-output model. Using these results and other control variables, we apply a panel cointegration model to explain and assess the likelihood of value-added erosion and its possible determinants. 相似文献
18.
浅析战略管理会计系统分析程序 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
企业战略管理需从外部环境、资源及战略关键因素量化、成本动因、战略业绩评价四个层次入手,建立战略管理会计 系统分析程序,从而将战略管理与管理会计、定量分析与定性分析相结合,打造完整、系统的战略管理会计研究框架,为企业 的决策及管理服务。 相似文献
19.
Terhi Maczulskij 《International Review of Applied Economics》2016,30(5):605-619
Using data from Finland on twins, this paper examines the effect of labour quality, as measured by education, on the choice to work in the public sector. A distinction to previous studies is made by allowing controls of family background and genetics effects that could drive the positive relationship between higher education and public sector employment. The conditional (fixed effects) logit regression estimates indicate that highly qualified employees are more likely to seek public sector employment. The paper also utilizes the longitudinal structure of the data to examine whether the results vary over time. These results indicate that the association between public sector work and higher education is counter-cyclical. In other words, highly qualified workers are more likely to hold public service positions and to have greater access to public sector jobs during economic downturns. 相似文献
20.
中国大型公共建筑节能激励机制研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
国内大型公共建筑节能工作发展缓慢的原因在于缺乏与之相适应的激励机制。对大型公共建筑节能激励机制构建进行了研究,对激励机制进行了初步设计,最后提出了推进大型公共建筑节能工作的几点建议。 相似文献