Industrial development environment and innovation efficiency of high-tech industry: analysis based on the framework of innovation systems

This present paper studies the relationship between the industrial development environment (IDE) and the innovation efficiency (IE) of China’s high-tech industry. First, drawing upon insights from research on regional innovation systems and sectoral innovation systems, the paper proposes a definition of the IDE within which China’s high-tech industry exists. Then, by a factorial analysis, three main components reflecting the IDE are obtained: regional development conditions, regional consumption potential, and interactions between innovation actors. Furthermore, the impacts of various facets of the IDE on three kinds of IE are investigated through the DEA-Tobit regression approach. Based on the results, our analysis can provide information for policymakers to create a favourable environment for China’s high-tech industry.     

Firm ownership,industrial structure,and regional innovation performance in China's provinces

This paper uses panel data between 2000 and 2010 to explore how firm ownership and regional industrial structures contribute to regional innovation performance in Chinese provinces. Specifically, we explore how the extent of specialisation and diversification in regional industrial structures at the province level fosters both Marshall–Arrow–Romer and Jacobs spillovers, as well as how foreign and state ownership influence regional innovation. We find: (i) China's regional innovation systems benefit from Jacobs but not MAR externalities, with the former spurring higher quality innovation in the form of increased invention patenting; (ii) state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises advance local innovation, with the latter again fostering higher quality innovation; and (iii) a convergence towards a combination of low specialisation and high diversity in provincial industrial structure is taking place between China's more developed inland coastal provinces and less developed inland provinces. Implications and suggestions for policy-making and future research are discussed.     

区域创新环境对创新绩效影响的实证分析

知识经济时代,区域创新已成为区域经济发展的主动力,一个地区的区域创新能力日益成为影响该区域获得竞争优势的决定性因素。本文采用《中国区域创新能力报告2006》的分析数据,对全国区域创新环境的四个分量进行经验讨论,对影响创新绩效的决定因素进行实证研究。研究发现：基础设施、劳动者素质、金融环境对区域创新绩效有显著影响,市场需求对区域创新绩效有正影响,但影响相对有限。因而在提升区域创新能力的过程中,应注重优化创新环境,采取行政、金融支持等手段促进区域创新能力的提高。     

区域创新系统研究述评

从区域创新系统创新能力、区域创新系统效率、区域创新系统环境、区域创新系统成熟度理论、基于演化理论的区域创新系统等方面,对国内外的区域创新系统研究进行了文献回顾,指出了现有研究在研究内容、研究方法以及研究框架等方面存在的不足。     

基于随机前沿的区域产学研协同创新绩效分析：创新网络结构视角*

本文基于创新网络结构视角,利用2008—2017年中国30个省份(西藏地区和港澳台地区因数据缺失略去)的统计数据,采用随机前沿分析方法探讨了创新网络结构因素对区域创新绩效的影响;并分析了创新环境基础设施对区域创新绩效的影响效应。实证结果表明网络开放性和网络密度均与创新绩效具有正向关系,网络规模和网络结构洞的影响效应不明显。创新环境因素对创新绩效具有重要影响,信息基础设施、产业结构特征等因素对创新绩效产生正向影响,政府支持力度与研发投入强度相关假设没有得到验证。     

产业互联网下企业创新“竞合”网络与创新绩效

利用国家知识产权局2013—2019年上市公司之间的专利合作数据,构建企业间创新"竞合"网络,提取了367家企业作为样本,将企业创新绩效分为企业内部创新绩效和对所在区域的创新贡献度两部分,从内到外探讨了企业在创新"竞合"网络中的位置对创新绩效的影响;同时分析了产业互联网对该影响的调节作用.研究结果表明,企业创新"竞合"网络的接近中心度与企业内部创新绩效和区域创新贡献度均呈正U型分布,企业创新"竞合"网络的结构洞与企业内部创新绩效和区域创新贡献度也均呈正U型分布,企业的产业互联网战略实施对以上关系的影响均呈显著的正向调节作用.     

基于省际面板数据及DEA的区域创新效率研究

基于2003—2007年我国30个省市自治区的创新投入产出数据以及DEA方法,本文测度了我国各省市自治区的区域创新效率,并检验了我国区域创新效率的总体趋势以及东中西部创新效率的差异。结果表明:我国区域创新效率总体水平不高且呈现下降的趋势。其中,我国区域创新要素投入冗余严重,表现为科技活动内部支出与科技活动人员投入比例失衡;综合效率、纯技术效率在东部、中部与西部之间差异显著,而规模效率在三大区域间的差异却并不明显。     

Visualising components of regional innovation systems using self-organizing maps—Evidence from European regions

Regional innovation systems are regarded as complex systems in which components are strongly dependent on each other. Such relationships can have both linear and nonlinear character. One of the ways to investigate the structure of regional innovation systems is to use a self-organizing map resulting from an unsupervised learning process. In this paper we employed this procedure to visualize and study the patterns present in the individual components of European regional innovation systems. Our findings suggest that there is a similar level of diversity in individual regional innovation systems' components due to their strong intercorrelations. Additionally, the visualisation of the components in geographical maps shows on a positive effect of the Knowledge intensive regions on the spatially close Catching up regions. Finally, the economic growth of the European regions appears to be associated to European economic integration (for lagging behind regions) and the level of innovative and entrepreneurial activity (for knowledge intensive regions).     

多维知识吸收与企业创新关系的元分析

运用元分析方法,基于178篇实证文献,考察了多维知识吸收与企业创新的相关性。结果表明：多维知识吸收与企业创新有较强的正相关关系;较之其它创新层面,多维知识吸收与创新能力相关性更强;吸收资源、过程和能力均与企业创新正相关,且较之静态知识吸收,动态知识吸收与企业创新相关性更强;文化背景、行业性质、测量方式均能正向调节多维知识吸收与企业创新整体关系,而在多维知识吸收与具体创新层面关系上表现不一。结论丰富了现有理论成果,同时也为企业灵活利用多维知识吸收,以提高企业创新效率和水平提供了管理依据。     

Structural heterogeneity and proximity mechanism of China’s inter-regional innovation cooperation network

ABSTRACT

Based on the cooperation patent data between 31 provinces in China from 1985 to 2017, this paper portrays the topological structure, spatial pattern and proximity mechanism of China’s inter-regional innovation cooperation network by the graph theory, spatial statistical methods and the quadratic assignment procedure model. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the topological structure of China’s inter-regional innovation cooperation forms a hierarchical network with Beijing as the core and it exhibits a typical small-world property and ‘core–periphery’ structure. (2) In terms of spatial distribution characteristics, the ‘quadruple’ with the Beijing–Tianjin region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Sichuan as the peaks has become the backbone of the inter-regional innovation cooperation network in China. At the same time, the spatial differentiation of the three indicators of degree centrality, median centrality and intensity centrality is obvious. (3) In terms of proximity mechanism, geographical, institutional and cognitive proximity exert a significant effect on China’s inter-regional innovation cooperation network linkage. However, there are significant differences in the effects of various proximity elements on China’s regional innovation network.     

构建中国低碳产业集群区域创新系统的研究

面对日益严重的全球环境问题,推动低碳产业集群的建设已经成为可持续的必然要求,集群内区域创新系统的构建至关重要。结合国内外最新发展趋势构建低碳产业集群的区域创新系统,它主要包括技术创新子系统、服务创新子系统和环境创新子系统构成。在此基础上,提出优化调整产业结构、完善促进集群创新机制、扶持引导集群核心企业、培育净化区域文化环境等支撑政策,以期进一步推动中国低碳产业集群的发展,实现节能减排的目标。     

智力资本对区域创新能力的影响机理研究

构建了智力资本对区域创新能力的影响机理模型,并分别从智力资本的三个方面——人力资本、关系资本、结构资本分析研究了它们各自对区域创新能力的影响机理。研究认为,区域智力资本对区域创新能力的作用机理表现为直接作用和间接作用:通过直接改变区域创新投入、区域创新环境和区域创新绩效来改变区域创新能力;通过对区域创新投入和区域创新环境发生作用来间接改变区域创新绩效,最终改变区域创新能力。     

区域智力资本与区域创新能力——基于相关关系及其影响模型的实证研究

本文利用我国31个省(市、区)2006年的截面数据,定量研究了区域智力资本和区域创新能力的关系。研究结果显示:区域创新能力与区域智力资本及其各要素(区域人力资本、区域关系资本、区域结构资本)之间都存在正相关关系;区域创新能力与区域人力资本和区域结构资本的各构成要素之间也存在正相关关系;区域智力资本三要素之间高度相关,区域关系资本与区域结构资本之间的相关性最强,这说明区域智力资本三要素之间是相互影响的,一个地区的关系资本很大程度上受结构资本的影响和制约。     

基于效率的长三角区域创新网络形成机理

在分析了长江三角洲区域创新网络的形成基础上,着重探索长三角区域创新网络非同质化实质和三个创新群的外溢效率内在的逻辑关系,从而构建了基于效率长三角区域创新网络形成内在机理的理论研究框架。长三角区域创新网络效率不仅限于“点”与“点”之间的外溢效应,而主要体现于更高层次“群”与“群”之间的外溢效应。     

An empirical test of the regional innovation paradox: can smart specialisation overcome the paradox in Central and Eastern Europe?

The regional innovation paradox is the greater need of lagging regions to invest in innovation and their relatively lower capacity to absorb funding compared to more advanced regions. Using data on regional public spending, industry composition and economic performance, we test empirically whether there is a differential impact of European funding on regional economic growth between Eastern and Western European regions. We conclude that the paradox is proven and consider the extent to which smart specialisation strategies may help to improve the quality of governance of regional innovation systems.     

区域智力资本指标体系构建及其测度——基于湖北省12年数据的实证研究

本课题提出了一套区域智力资本的测度指标体系,继而以湖北省历史数据为样本,运用该指标体系对湖北省的区域智力资本水平进行了测度。在运用湖北省1995—2006年样本数据进行实证测度时,采用主成分分析的因子分析方法首先分别对区域智力资本的各个要素（区域人力资本、区域关系资本、区域结构资本和区域创新资本）进行了实证测度,最后采用加权平均法进行综合加权得到湖北省12年的智力资本水平。     

Dynamics of firm's network community associations and firm's innovation performance

ABSTRACT

R&D network structures have crucial impacts on firm's innovation performance. However, most previous studies have been based on the whole or ego network perspective, few studies have investigated the influence of community structure that a firm is engaged in on its innovation performance, and it is still unclear how a firm's relation to network community affect its innovation performance. This research aims to address this gap by focusing on the dynamics of firm's network community associations, empirically investigate the relationship between dynamics of firm's network community associations and its innovation performance. Based on the unbalanced panel data of smartphone R&D network during year 2004–2017, the results demonstrate that change in community member associations and movement across communities both have inverted-U-shaped effects on firm's innovation performance. Moreover, innovation openness depth has moderating effects on the relationships between dynamics of firm's network community associations and its innovation performance.     

Re-evaluation of global innovation index based on a structural equation model

The Global Innovation Index (GII) was proposed to observe the innovation capability and efficiency levels of individual countries using input and output factors. However, it does not consider potential structural relationships among factors affecting the innovation performance of a country. In this study, we proposed a structural equation model (SEM) based on the hypothesised national innovation structure among seven factors representing inputs (institution, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, and business sophistication) and outputs (knowledge and technology outputs, and creative outputs). Using GII data from 2013, we discovered that business sophistication and infrastructure have the strongest direct and indirect effects on creative output, respectively. In addition, a new ranking is obtained based on the fitted SEM. We provide feedback information to improve innovation capabilities.     

产业聚集对区域创新绩效影响的实证研究——以电子及通讯设备制造业为例

分析了产业聚集所产生的各类知识溢出对区域创新绩效的影响以及产业聚集的最佳聚集程度和规模,并以我国电子及通讯设备制造业为例进行实证研究。结果显示:多样化的产业环境有助于区域创新,竞争对区域创新存在负面影响,研发多样化对区域创新的影响并不显著;总就业密度提高一倍,则创新水平将提高24%;就业密度与区域创新绩效的关系曲线呈倒U型,且就业密度均为600人/平方公里时区域创新绩效达到最高;区域人口规模与区域创新绩效的关系曲线呈U型,对应拐点大致出现在区域人口总规模为6500万人处。     

Does market competition promote innovation efficiency in China’s high-tech industries?

ABSTRACT

Despite extensive discussion about the relationship between market competition and innovation performance, the impact of market competition on the innovation efficiency of high-technology industries in a transitional economy is still unclear. The article is based on panel data of 17 subsectors of China’s high-tech industry spanning the 2001–2016 period. Using stochastic the frontier analysis model, we empirically test the impact of market competition on two-stage innovation efficiency from the perspective of the industry. The results indicate that market competition and firm scale have positive and significant effects on the efficiency of two-stage innovation, the effects of industry export intensity and government intervention on R&D efficiency are negative, but the effects are different for the efficiency of the commercialisation of technology. Based on the results of the empirical analysis, this paper compares the trends and the differences between R&D efficiency and commercialisation efficiency, and then uses cluster analysis to reclassify China’s high-tech industries into three categories, thus revealing the disconnect and imbalance within China’s high-tech industries. At the end of the article, we present some possible policy recommendations.