网上银行的风险与防范

网上银行的出现给人类社会带来了深刻的变化,同时也带来许多新问题。随着网上银行业的发展,网上信息安全风险也随之而来。如:技术和产品选择风险、系统安全风险、技术支持风险等。控制和防范风险要从行业整体管理和企业具体技术安全两方面进行。     

Misinformation,disinformation, and fake news: Cyber risks to business

Misleading information is an emerging cyber risk. It includes misinformation, disinformation, and fake news. Digital transformation and COVID-19 have exacerbated it. While there has been much discussion about the effects of misinformation, disinformation, and fake news on the political process, the consequences of misleading information on businesses have been far less, and it can be argued insufficiently, examined. The article offers a primer on misleading information and cyber risks aimed at business executives and leaders across an array of industries, organizations, and nations. Misleading information can have a profound effect on business. I analyze different misleading information types and identify associated cyber risks to help businesses think about these emerging threats. I examine in general the cyber risk posed by misleading information on business, and I explore in more detail the impact on healthcare, media, financial markets, and elections and geopolitical risks. Finally, I offer a set of practical recommendations for organizations to respond to these new challenges and to manage risks.     

Should your firm invest in cyber risk insurance?

Firms have increasingly been turning to cyber risk insurance in order to better manage cyber threats and any resulting legal liability from data breaches. But how useful is this tactic? Herein, I analyze the impact of cyber attacks on firms, some of the applicable U.S. law shaping private sector responses to data breaches, and the extent to which cyber risk insurance helps mitigate the cyber threat. Ultimately, I argue that firms must take a proactive stance toward managing cyber attacks—not only for their wellbeing, but also to enhance overall cybersecurity and help secure critical national infrastructure.     

网络营销策略:消费者行为黑箱与客户满意度

电子商务的快速发展给网络营销提供了商业平台,同时也要求网络营销采取面向客户关系、网络营销成本与风险管理以及提升客户满意度等方面的营销策略。在分析网络营销特性基础上,通过对消费者行为模式和购买过程以及消费者行为黑箱分析,提出了相应网络营销策略。最后指出,网络营销应结合传统营销策略、虚实结合、差异营销,“一对一”客户交流等措施,以提升网络客户满意度。     

Drivers of Durable Peace: The Role of Justice in Negotiating Civil War Termination

Attaining durable peace after a civil war has become a major challenge, as many negotiated settlements relapse into violence. How can civil war negotiations be conducted and peace agreements formulated so as to contribute to lasting, durable peace? Previous research has focused on the durability of peace agreements, measured as the absence of violence. This study develops an index to measure durable peace for a period of 8 years after the agreement had been reached, and evaluates the new measure using an existing data set. We ask whether impacts on durable peace are similar or different to those found for the durability of agreements. This question suggests a number of hypotheses that are evaluated with 16 cases of peace agreements. Stable agreements are shown to mediate the relationship between equality provisions in peace agreements and durable peace, and to also mediate the relationship between procedural justice and the reconciliation component of durable peace. Interestingly, economic stability is not a dividend of peace agreements.     

Decision Support in Virtual Organizations: The Case for Multi-Agent Support

The new economy, which is being formed by the Internet-based e-commerce and the now emerging mobile commerce, may become what Martin calls a cyber economy. This will combine traditional business with the new e- and mobile business, and will be driven by a new breed of online customers, who operate both wired and wireless networks, who will expect fast delivery, easier transactions and more fact-based information. The cyber economy requires that business is operated with virtual organisations and that decision making in this context – virtual organisations and the cyber economy – will require new and advanced forms of decision support. We have found that a useful decision platform can be built around hyperknowledge and the use of multiple software agents, if the core of these agents is built on fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning.     

贸易是否注定带来和平——以中美关系为例

在我国全方位外交的布局中,有"大国是关键"的说法。而在大国关系中,中美关系可谓重中之重。随着近年来中美经贸关系的迅猛发展,两国间已经形成了相当程度上的经济相互依赖。贸易和平论者从经济领域出发,将贸易视为推动两国政治间合作、维持和平稳定关系的催化剂,然而现实情况却是:一方面,经济全球化进程大大地推动了国际贸易在全球的拓展,国际合作在不断增多;另一方面,与贸易相关的冲突和争端仍继续存在,甚至有所扩大。贸易能否成为促使中美和平发展的助推器不能妄下断言,只有当双方对于国家安全和经济利益的判断都是积极的时候,才可能实现互利共赢的经贸关系。     

The PACO index

Given the growth and maturity of the field of business and peace, the authors of this article call for the creation of an index that would present a scorecard of company behaviors. The authors call this the PACO index, which is an acronym for Peaceful Attributes of Companies and is the word for peace in Esperanto. The authors provide a set of principles and drivers that would be necessary for the creation of such an index.     

Gripe Websites

Abstract

Many people think about electronic commerce from the prospective of the organization. That is the selling and distribution of goods and/or services over the internet. There is however a darker side where an individual or small group of people feels so grieved that they use the internet as complaint/attack forum. Complaints and dissatisfaction with an organization often appear in the cyber world in the form of chat rooms, complaint websites and rogue websites, collectively called “gripe sites.” This article presents background material of these “gripe sites” and lists suggestions on how to respond to the various types of attacks.     

论电子商务市场中的欺诈行为

在互联网经济迅速发展的今天，网络交易中的欺诈事件时有发生，这些问题的存在制约着网络交易和电子商务的发展。本文认为，从根本上讲，网络欺诈行为的出现是由于网络市场中买卖双方信息的不对称性，这种不对称性不同于传统市场。本文对网络欺诈现象产生的原因进行了讨论，并通过一个产品质量博弈模型，分析了管理网络欺诈的内在机理，力图为减少和消除网络欺诈提供一个策略思路。     

Digital force majeure: The Mondelez case,insurance, and the (un)certainty of attribution in cyberattacks

Insurance companies typically secure themselves under force majeure exclusions against the unpredictability brought about by acts of war. If a company were to be attacked by a nation-state in physical space—hit with a missile or by aerial bombing—there would be fairly clear carve-outs so their insurance company could exclude such an incident from coverage. But the same is not always true in cyberspace. This article examines an extreme outlier case in the world of cyberattacks and insurance—that is, the losses suffered by the U.S.-based food and beverage company Mondelez as a result of the NotPetya cyberattack—and scrutinizes just how far force majeure exclusions can be applied in cyberspace. The article attempts to reveal the significance of the legal qualification of a cyberattack and its attribution to a state for insurance coverage in both general insurance policies, like the one the Mondelez case stemmed from, as well as in insurance policies targeted to cover cyber risk.     

Operationalizing peace through commerce: Toward an empirical approach

Most scholars would agree that the goal of business is to create value. Yet, can there be anything more valuable than peace? This article tackles the following research question: How can, or do, businesses advance peace? It explains why peace through commerce is a topic worthy of study and sets out an empirical approach to operationalize it. The implementation of that approach remains in the future, but in this article, I seek to examine the contours of a possible approach. The proposed study will demonstrate how some businesses have already begun to move toward advancing peace and will give direction for how businesses could follow suit in the future. With both a content analysis and a panel data analysis, there would be data to help determine an index for peace through commerce, which would contribute a great deal to the existing body of literature. The proposed study will help scholars and practitioners alike understand the relationship between business and peace better.     

Business practices and peace in post‐conflict zones: lessons from Cyprus

Existing literature on business and peace is in need of more examples of business practices, and at a more dissaggregated level, within conflict‐sensitive regions that promote peace. This article examines whether business practices within a conflict‐sensitive region, the island of Cyprus, are consistent with existing business and peace literature and how the specific business practices promote peace. In particular, the article examines in detail two business practices: Green Line Trade and cross‐territorial joint ventures and promotions. Our findings suggest that existing business activities in Cyprus are consistent with those proposed by the literature, but their significance in promoting peace was limited. We propose an alternative explanation for why such business practices were pursued in Cyprus at the time, drawing on studies of identity‐based conflicts. And we suggest that business has a unique role to play compared with other public institutions when addressing identity conflict. Finally, we suggest that both theoretical and empirical studies of business and peace should include consideration of how business practices might help alleviate identity‐related issues in conflict‐sensitive regions.     

Synthesis of Complex Criteria Decision Making: A Case Towards a Consensus Agreement for a Middle East Conflict Resolution

The title of this paper reflects both the process and the outcome of the current undertaking. Frustrated with the current state of the Middle East but encouraged by earlier attempts at modeling complex problems, the authors participated in a panel discussion assembled to address the conflict and propose a possible road-map to peace. However, the participants of this project did not come to a single course of action that will result in peace in the Middle East but did reach a consensus agreement about a resolution that needs to be managed. This paper explores the process, the outcome and the factors that influence the decision as well as potential pitfalls. The Analytic Network Process (ANP), a well known multicriteria decision making approach, applied frequently in recent years to examine conflicts around the world, is used in this analysis. It provides a framework for synthesizing judgments on the diverse aspects of the problem represented in the structure of the decision. It pieces together these judgments in a holistic and logical way.     

Selling trust in cyber space: social networking service (SNS) providers and social capital amongst netizens in South Korea

Abstract

Apart from excessive bonding amongst co-ethnics, social capital studies have sparsely discussed the negative effects of social capital, including excessive collective actions towards downward social mobility (e.g. imprisonment of social and political elites). As Bourdieu has noted, social capital can conflate problems of upward social mobility through various glass ceilings in the reproduction of elite power groups. However, it is also important to notice that less fortunate groups can debunk the dominant elite social network by participating excessively in social networking service (SNS) platforms, where they exchange distorted information about the elites to organize collective actions towards their downward social mobility. Gleaned from the recent cases of ferry sinking and candlelight vigilance in South Korea, SNS providers can sell trust in cyber space that can be easily transformed into social capital for collective character assassinations, political demonstrations, and economic sabotages at workplace. Based on the big data gathered from Naver, one of the leading SNS providers in South Korea, we find that Naver provides SNS users with a rare opportunity to encounter myriad opinion groups who will over time converge into one or two similar opinion groups that can be easily mobilized towards collective actions. Selling trust in cyber space on the internet and mobile devices is a unique commercial development in South Korea and its neighbouring countries, including Japan and Taiwan.     

Need,creed, and greed: Understanding why business leaders focus on issues of peace

While we know that business is key for stable peacebuilding, less is known about why business actually becomes involved in peace processes and peacebuilding. Based on a review of the academic literature and of case studies at the global level, this article addresses this question from three perspectives: First, business needs peace to solve specific problems related to their operations in unstable contexts. Second, some business leaders believe that social change is positive and in their self-interest and are willing to promote transformations (creed). Finally, business participation in peacebuilding may be motivated by the anticipation of renewed investment, profit, and growth (greed). The article argues that none of these perspectives alone can explain the bulk of business participation in peacebuilding efforts. Rather, depending on actor and context, each business strategy can be traced to multiple combinations of these motivations. The article suggests that simplistic generalizations hurt the development of desperately needed partnerships in mutual learning processes between business and other social actors. We need improved knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms of private sector decision making in transitional processes in order to stem unrealistic expectations or frustrations as to the capability and willingness of the private sector in supporting peace-related activity. This interdisciplinary approach should draw from management sciences, political science, and economics.     

知识经济时代的网络营销

２０世纪下半叶，世界经济正在从工业经济向知识经济转变，这一转变使企业营销环境也大为改变，导致网络营销产生。我国企业为加快知识经济时代的网络营销，必须从思想上对网络营销竞争意识的重视，实施有效的营销策略组合，完善金融安全认证体系，在实施过程中不断去发展与创新。     

网络营销时代的传统商业企业营销管理创新探讨——基于顾客让渡价值视角

网络营销时代,越来越多的传统商业企业面临着冲击,传统商业企业必须进行营销管理创新,才能为自己赢得更大的发展空间,本文从提升顾客让渡价值的视角提出在网络营销时代传统商业企业如何利用线上和线下资源,创新营销管理的方法和思路,以更大程度地提升顾客让渡价值,培养顾客忠诚,从而使自身获得更好的发展空间。     

试论网络经济的资源配置

经济学是以资源的稀缺性为出发点的，网络经济作为一种新的经济形态也离不开优化资源配置这一经济学主题。网络经济的出现改变了市场配置资源的过程，使资源配置的效率得到提高。