南博会助力广西旅游电子商务

当前一种崭新的商务模式——旅游电子商务,正在全球蓬勃兴起。旅游活动与电子商务的结合将成为旅游业未来的一个主要发展方向。旅游业是广西正在全力培育和打造的支柱产业。国家对此也给予极高的重视,宣布自2003年起每年11月都将在广西首府南宁市举办中国-东盟博览会,这使得广西旅游业面临着史无前例的发展机遇与挑战。从广西旅游产业的现状及存在问题、“南博会”为广西旅游电子商务带来发展机遇和旅游电子商务反哺广西旅游产业三个角度进行了论述,并针对广西旅游电子商务如何利用优势把握机会、避免威胁提出了个人建议。     

不确定多时滞线性It随机系统的保性能控制

对一类具有多时滞的不确定线性随机系统,研究了保性能状态反馈控制律的设计问题。采用线性矩阵不等式方法和伊藤公式,导出了保性能控制律的存在条件。进而,通过设计一个线性无记忆的状态反馈控制器,使得对于所有系统容许的不确定,闭环系统是范数有界的。最后用数值例子说明了该方法的有效性。     

On core-Walras equivalence in Banach lattices

The core-Walras equivalence problem is considered in the commodity space setting of Banach lattices. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions on the commodity space in order for core-Walras equivalence to hold are established.     

Incentive compatibility constraints and dynamic programming in continuous time

This paper is devoted to the study of infinite horizon continuous time optimal control problems with incentive compatibility constraints that arise in many economic problems, for instance in defining the second best Pareto optimum for the joint exploitation of a common resource, as in Benhabib and Radner [Benhabib, J., Radner, R., 1992. The joint exploitation of a productive asset: a game theoretic approach. Economic Theory, 2: 155–190]. An incentive compatibility constraint is a constraint on the continuation of the payoff function at every time. We prove that the dynamic programming principle holds, the value function is a viscosity solution of the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation, and that it is the minimal supersolution satisfying certain boundary conditions. When the incentive compatibility constraint only depends on the present value of the state variable, we prove existence of optimal strategies, and we show that the problem is equivalent to a state constraints problem in an endogenous state region which depends on the data of the problem. Some economic examples are analyzed.     

The New Political Role of Business in a Globalized World: A Review of a New Perspective on CSR and its Implications for the Firm,Governance, and Democracy

Scholars in management and economics widely share the assumption that business firms focus on profits only, while it is the task of the state system to provide public goods. In this view business firms are conceived of as economic actors, and governments and their state agencies are considered the only political actors. We suggest that, under the conditions of globalization, the strict division of labour between private business and nation‐state governance does not hold any more. Many business firms have started to assume social and political responsibilities that go beyond legal requirements and fill the regulatory vacuum in global governance. Our review of the literature shows that there are a growing number of publications from various disciplines that propose a politicized concept of corporate social responsibility. We consider the implications of this new perspective for theorizing about the business firm, governance, and democracy.     

Minimum distance estimators for count data based on the probability generating function with applications

This paper studies properties of parameter estimators obtained by minimizing a distance between the empirical probability generating function and the probability generating function of a model for count data. Specifically, it is shown that, under certain not restrictive conditions, the resulting estimators are consistent and, suitably normalized, asymptotically normal. These properties hold even if the model is misspecified. Three applications of the obtained results are considered. First, we revisit the goodness-of-fit problem for count data and propose a weighted bootstrap estimator of the null distribution of test statistics based on the above cited distance. Second, we give a probability generating function version of the model selection test problem for separate, overlapping and nested families of distributions. Finally, we provide an application to the problem of testing for separate families of distributions. All applications are illustrated with numerical examples.     

A SURVEY OF THE HOLD‐UP PROBLEM IN THE EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS LITERATURE

This paper reviews experimental studies on the so‐called “hold‐up problem.” Common features in the experimental design and results are summarized. Most experimental studies show evidence of the hold‐up problem, but to an extent less severe than what standard self‐interest model predicts. Hold‐up occurs at the individual level, but exhibits a less severe pattern than theoretically predicted at the aggregate level. A positive correlation is found between the investment stage decisions and subsequent bargaining behavior. Social preferences largely influence the results in hold‐up games. Remedies that enhance the effect of social preferences can effectively alleviate the hold‐up problem. These laboratory findings are also relevant to real‐life hold‐up situations, but differences in the specific institution and environment may require more variations in the experimental design.     

Local comparison of linear rank tests,in the Bahadur sense

Summary As continuation ofKremer [1979a] a theory of asymptotic comparison based on local Bahadur efficiency is derived for general linear rank tests of the one-sample symmetry problem and thek-sample problem (k2). The results are similar to former considerations based on Pitman efficiency but hold under weaker conditions on the scores-generating functions or local alternatives.     

Two-stage optimal control problems and optimality conditions

When an optimal investment decision is studied for a firm whose capital goods are subject to a delivery lag, a control problem with a time-delay argument in the objective function emerges. Such a problem under a set of simple assumptions is shown to be reducible to a two-stage optimal control problem. The significance of this is that familiar tools from standard optimal control theory are applicable to the resulting two-stage problem. Necessary conditions are presented for a general two-stage problem with an adjustable switching time. Some specific results are also obtained for several special cases.     

建筑拆迁施工企业项目成本控制分析

项目成本是项目管理的重要内容,也是建筑拆迁施工企业管理的基础工作.结合工作实践,对拆迁施工企业成本控制的基础、原则、以及方法和途径进行分析和探讨,并提出加强项目成本控制需要加强和规范项目内部管理,抓住成本管理的关键环节,重视和解决成本管理中出现的问题,对项目成本进行全过程控制.既要合理降低成本耗费,更要扩大项目收入,从而最大限度地实现项目经济效益,从而提高企业自身的市场竞争能力,推进企业可持续发展.     

Infectious diseases and economic growth

This paper develops a framework to study the economic impact of infectious diseases by integrating epidemiological dynamics into a neo-classical growth model. There is a two way interaction between the economy and the disease: the incidence of the disease affects labor supply, and investment in health capital can affect the incidence and recuperation from the disease. Thus, both the disease incidence and the income levels are endogenous. The disease dynamics make the control problem non-convex thus usual optimal control results do not apply. We establish existence of an optimal solution, continuity of state variables, show directly that the Hamiltonian inequality holds thus establishing optimality of interior paths that satisfy necessary conditions, and of the steady states. There are multiple steady states and the local dynamics of the model are fully characterized. A disease-free steady state always exists, but it could be unstable. A disease-endemic steady state may exist, in which the optimal health expenditure can be positive or zero depending on the parameters of the model. The interaction of the disease and economic variables is non-linear and can be non-monotonic.     

浅析银行贷款风险及应对策略

金融是现代经济的核心,任何一场金融危机必然会导致经济危机。而金融危机爆发的根源则是银行在放贷的过程中对相应的风险评估不足,缺乏必要和理性的控制。因此,对贷款的风险如何充分评估,又如何控制;不只是银行的经营问题,而是涉及国计民生的焦点问题。本文鉴于目前国内外各大银行在日常经营过程中所遇到的种种情况,结合一些实际案例,分析归纳出几种银行贷款风险及其相应的应对策略,为银行制定稳妥的经营策略、为国家制定合理的货币政策提供参考。     

False promises of co-production in neighbourhood regeneration: the case of Dutch community enterprises

Many European countries are implementing austerity measures alongside trends of welfare state retrenchment. Entrepreneurial forms of active citizenship are considered as a new form of public management to fill gaps left by spending cuts and to continue neighbourhood regeneration. Inspired by British practices, Dutch citizens are trying to set up community enterprises (CEs) to provide services or other benefits for residents in deprived neighbourhoods. Based on a qualitative panel study, this article reveals supportive responses but also resistance from local governments and housing associations. Within a positive policy discourse on co-production, institutional responses often encompass forms of ‘counter-production’ that hold CEs in full uncertainty about crucial conditions for their business.     

On non-negative variance-estimation

Summary Pursuing the works ofRao [1972, 1977] andChaudhuri [1976] the problem of non-negative estimation of the variance of the ratio-estimator based on Sen-Midzuno[Sen], [Midzuno] scheme of sampling is studied further. With this problem it is noted that (1) some of the recently published [videRao, 1972, 1977;Chaudhuri] non-negativity conditions can never be realised and (2) some other conditions can hold only in trivial circumstances. Similar results are observed in connection with other strategies of sampling finite population parameters as well.     

Linear Decentralized Control with Expectations

In this paper, we consider a decentralized discrete-time control model with expectations. There are as many decision-makers as scalar state (and control) variables, and each decision-maker forms an expectation on the impact that affects him/her. Using rational and naive expectations, we describe the stability conditions of the alternative expectations. Our results generalized earlier ones by Metzler and Lovell, from an inventory control model to an abstract model, and solve the problem of the generation of a feasible normal path presented by Kornai and Martos.     

Optimal regime switching and threshold effects

We consider a general control problem with two types of optimal regime switch. The first one concerns technological and/or institutional regimes indexed by a finite number of discrete parameter values, and the second features regimes relying on given threshold values for given state variables. We propose a general optimal control framework allowing to derive the first-order optimality conditions and in particular to characterize the geometry of the shadow prices at optimal switching times (if any). We apply this new optimal control material to address the problem of the optimal management of natural resources under ecological irreversibility, and with the possibility to switch to a backstop technology.     

A dynamic equilibrium model of search, production, and exchange

We study a general equilibrium model where agents search for production and trading opportunities, that generalizes the existing literature by considering a large number of differentiated commodities and agents with idiosyncratic tastes. Thus, agents must choose nontrivial exchange as well as production strategies. We consider decreasing, constant, and increasing returns to scale in the matching technology, and characterize the circumstances under which there exist multiple steady state equilibria, or multiple dynamic equilibria for given initial conditions. We also characterize the existence of dynamic equilibria that are limit cycles. Equilibria are not generally optimal, and when multiple equilibria coexist they may be ranked. We analyze comparative statics and find that certain intuitive results do not necessarily hold without restrictions on the stochastic structure.     

紧凑的城市形态开放的城市结构——以潍坊城市总体布局调整为例

在经济快速增长而用地严格控制的背景下,城市规模临近升级、城市结构即将演变的平原型大城市如何优化布局和创造特色是一个普遍性的问题.论文以潍坊市为例,分析了当前大城市空间布局中存在的问题与面临的挑战,探讨促进城市形成紧凑形态、开放结构的规划对策.     

Representation of Developments in Labour Market Research

A knowledge graph is a kind of semantic network representing some scientific theory. The paper describes the state of art in this field and addresses a number of problems that has not been solved yet. These are: implicit relations, strength of (causal) relations, and conditions. Concepts might be too broad or complex to be used properly, directions for solving this problem are explored. The solutions are applied to a knowledge graph in the field of labour markets.     

The stochastic lake game: A numerical solution

In this paper, we numerically solve a stochastic dynamic programming problem for the solution of a stochastic dynamic game for which there is a potential function. The players select a mean level of control. The state transition dynamics is a function of the current state of the system and a multiplicative noise factor on the control variables of the players. The particular application is for lake water usage. The control variables are the levels of phosphorus discharged (typically by farmers) into the watershed of the lake, and the random shock is the rainfall that washes the phosphorus into the lake. The state of the system is the accumulated level of phosphorus in the lake. The system dynamics are sufficiently nonlinear so that there can be two Nash equilibria. A Skiba-like point can be present in the optimal control solution.We analyze (numerically) how the dynamics and the Skiba-like point change as the variance of the noise (the rain) increases. The numerical analysis uses a result of Dechert (1978. Optimal control problems from second order difference equations. Journal of Economic Theory 19, 50–63) to construct a potential function for the dynamic game. This greatly reduces the computational burden in finding Nash equilibria solutions for the dynamic game.