公交优先之忧

公交车辆行路难，公交企业经营难，行业部门管理难，这些课题是摆在公交人面前急需破解的难题。公交事业是城市的公用事业，公交车辆是城市流动的“血脉”，公交优先发展迫在眉睫。     

基于公交优先的武汉交通环境改善方案探微

武汉中心城区要实施公交优先,当务之急是改善当前的交通环境,构建以轨道交通为骨架,快速公交和常规公交为主体,其它公交方式为补充的立体化交通道路环境;以公共交通换乘枢纽为依托,优化常规公共交通线网,协调各种交通方式的换乘需求,建立集出行的机动性、可达性和可选择性于一体的交通网络环境;实施积极的交通诱导,倡导环保节能的出行方式,建设柔性的交通政策法规环境。只有城市的交通环境和谐发展,出行者主动选择公共交通,才能达到限制车辆使用,改善中心城区交通拥堵的目的。     

新形势下淮安市区城乡公交发展策略研究

随着淮安城市规模的迅速扩大,市民对城市公交服务的需求进一步增加。本文从公交服务的主体、行业管理、公交扶持政策落实、公交基础设施建设等四个方面分析了淮安城区城乡公交服务的现状和存在问题,剖析了淮安城乡公交面临的新形势,最后从树立财政购买公交服务的理念、切实落实公交优先的各项政策、制定科学合理的公交发展规划、加强公交场站基础设施的建设、确定合理的公交市场投资体制、改进公交市场的服务监督管理提出了淮安城乡公交发展策略。     

倡导绿色出行共享公交便利

今年9月16日至22日是我国首个“公交出行宣传周”。活动期间，交通运输部部长杨传堂、副部长冯正霖分别接受新华社和中国交通报记者专访，宣传“公交优先就是百姓优先”的发展理念，倡导低碳交通、绿色出行。全国各地交通运输主管部门、运管机构和公交企业纷纷开展多种形式的宣传活动，鼓励公众参与城市公交发展，营造关心公交、支持公交、选择公交的社会氛围。     

基于车联网技术的特殊车辆优先通行信号协调控制方法研究

在当今社会发生紧急事件后,车辆能否及时地达到现场成为了评价社会进步的指标.因此,提出了基于车联网技术的特殊车辆优先通行信号协调控制方法研究这一课题,基于车联网庞大的数据支撑,设计特殊车辆优先通行信号优先级别,对路口的相位进行计算,并预设锁定相位的范围,根据相位条件设置最小绿灯时长.基于车联网数据计算相应的信号周期,合理...     

关于公交实现国有化后若干问题的分析与思考

公交线路布局不够合理、场站简陋、车辆老旧……这些河北省秦皇岛市民近年来反映比较强烈的公交问题将得到有效的解决,公交服务的现状将大为改善.2014年,在政府的主导下,通过股权回购,秦皇岛市公共交通有限公司顺利完成了国有化改制,作为民营企业12年之后再挂回“国”字招牌,将为社会提供更为完善的公共服务.     

公交优先要落到实处

大部制改革后,城市公交归口交通部门。落实公交优先发展战略,管好公交成了一项大任务。实施公交优先首先要理顺管理体制,理顺公交客运与其他客运方式之间的关系;其次是公交优先政策要落到实处。     

单车场公交车辆调度问题的研究

根据单车场公交车辆调度优化问题的特点,建立了以车辆总空驶时间最少为第一目标,以所需车辆数最少为第二目标的双目标优化模型。采用遗传算法进行求解。实际应用表明该模型和算法能够快速得到公交车辆调度优化方案的满意解。     

城市公交线网规划体系研究

实施公交优先战略,不仅是缓解城市交通拥堵的有效措施,也是改善城市人居环境,促进城市可持续发展的必然要求。2005年国务院办公厅转发的《关于优先发展城市公共交通的意见》以及2006年建设部等4部委发布的《关于优先发展城市公共交通若干经济政策的意见》等文件进一步明确了优先发展公共交通的重大意义,为公共交通的发展提供了良好的政策环境和发展机遇,并要求从政策、投资、规划、建设、管理各层面为公交优先战略的落实提供必要的支撑条件。城市公共交通规划作为城市综合交通规划中重要的组成部分,成为实现公交优先政策的重要保障,而其中的公交线网规划更是重中之重。公交线网规划结合城市的地理位置及其功能性质,在城市路网现有布局的基础上,依据一定的原则,布设城市公交车辆的行车线路,通过布线形成特殊的运输网络,用以满足城市交通运输的需求,为城市居民创造便捷的出行方式。     

欢迎评刊

国务院决定在城市优先发展公共交通，这对节约能源，发挥城市道路功能，促进经济社会可持续发展无疑具有积极的意义。事实上，一些大中城市已经采取了设立公共汽车专用，通道、专用停靠站、公交财政补贴等公交优先政策措施。公交优先政策无非是要建立更完备、更安全、更先进的公共交通体系，为城市居民提供更便捷、更便宜、更优良的服务。但据中央人民广播电台去年底的调查，只有20％的受访者表示出行时愿意乘坐公共汽车，受访者认为，公共汽车大多拥挤不堪、设施破旧，既不方便又不安全。     

Design of limited-stop bus service with capacity constraint and stochastic travel time

This paper develops a mathematical model for the optimal stopping design of limited-stop bus service, which allows each bus vehicle to skip some stops. To better reflect the reality, this paper considers the vehicle capacity and stochastic travel time. Also, vehicles are all allowed to skip stops whereas any stop is not allowed to be skipped by two consecutive vehicles. A hybrid artificial bee colony (ABC) and Monte Carlo method is developed to solve the optimal stopping strategy. Finally, the model and solution method are validated by a numerical example, and a sensitivity analysis is performed on the passenger demand.     

Effective ways to grow urban bus markets – a synthesis of evidence

This paper provides a synthesis of the evidence on the patronage growth performance of bus improvement measures in urban settings. The evidence includes a summary of experience in Europe, North America and Australasia focusing on service improvement measures including network structure and service levels, bus priority measures, vehicles and stop infrastructure, fares and ticketing systems, passenger information and marketing, personal safety and security and synergy effects of measures. The source is the research literature and documented experienced from a series of studies undertaken by the authors over the last decade. It includes the results of an international bus expert ‘Delphi’ survey concerning bus improvement measures focussed on patronage growth. The paper synthesises the evidence to identify measures which are most likely to grow patronage including consideration of cost-effectiveness of measures.     

Electrification of a city bus network—An optimization model for cost-effective placing of charging infrastructure and battery sizing of fast-charging electric bus systems

The deployment of battery-powered electric bus systems within the public transportation sector plays an important role in increasing energy efficiency and abating emissions. Rising attention is given to bus systems using fast charging technology. This concept requires a comprehensive infrastructure to equip bus routes with charging stations. The combination of charging infrastructure and bus batteries needs a reliable energy supply to maintain a stable bus operation even under demanding conditions. An efficient layout of the charging infrastructure and an appropriate dimensioning of battery capacity are crucial to minimize the total cost of ownership and to enable an energetically feasible bus operation. In this work, the central issue of jointly optimizing the charging infrastructure and battery capacity is described by a capacitated set covering problem. A mixed-integer linear optimization model is developed to determine the minimum number and location of required charging stations for a bus network as well as the adequate battery capacity for each bus line. The bus energy consumption for each route segment is determined based on individual route, bus type, traffic, and other information. Different scenarios are examined in order to assess the influence of charging power, climate, and changing operating conditions. The findings reveal significant differences in terms of required infrastructure. Moreover, the results highlight a trade-off between battery capacity and charging infrastructure under different operational and infrastructure conditions. This paper addresses upcoming challenges for transport authorities during the electrification process of the bus fleets and sharpens the focus on infrastructural issues related to the fast charging concept.     

Bussing between hegemonies: the dominant ‘frame’ in Oxford's transport policies

In 1972, a revolution in local transport policy in Oxford resulted in the dominant doctrine of the previous 30 years—providing for car use—being replaced by an alternative policy ‘frame’ focussed around the promotion of bus use. Although subsequently challenged in the 1970s and 1980s, the pro-bus policy community remained sufficiently strong to implement a further level of bus-oriented policy in the 1990s. Bus use in Oxford has returned to levels not observed since the 1960s, against a trend of decline nationally. The present paper examines how the policy problems came to be framed around the bus and how the frame evolved to accommodate changes in the funding and regulation of public transport. The extent to which the Oxford experience informs future policy-making towards demand management in urban areas is considered and the explanatory value of the concept of framing is revisited.     

The factors in residents' mobility in rural towns of China: Car ownership,road infrastructure and public transport services

The improvement of rural people's mobility in developing countries has informed many policies. Still, debates remain on which policies are efficient, for instance, building more roads, providing public transport or promoting car ownership. The empirical evidence for these debates at the national level remains scarce. As a result, this paper aims to provide fresh evidence for discussions by examining residents' mobility in China using nationwide survey data with 12,524 respondents from 119 rural towns. The results of the analysis show car ownership is the most significant factor influencing rural people's mobility than other factors. Higher car ownership relates to a higher travel frequency to counties or cities. Other kinds of transport vehicles (i.e. electric cars, motorcycles and electric bikes) also have positive but relatively weaker impacts on rural mobility. For public transport, it is more accessible to access bus stops, which encourages travel to higher-order centres rather than increasing the frequency of county bus services. The accessibility of high-quality road systems tends to have a negative influence and has combined effects with levels of local services. People from towns with insufficient local services and poor access to highways travel the most frequently to higher-order centres. This study highlights the critical role of road investments and car ownership enhancement policies in improving mobility. Moreover, this study also underscores the supplemental role of public transport services given the current low car ownership rates in rural towns of China and the global consensus on sustainable green transport development. It highlights the importance of engaging eco-friendly and locally adaptive transport alternatives, such as electric cars and electric bikes. It also calls for a rational distribution of bus stops and more flexible, convenient, and physically accessible public transport and carshare modes in rural China.     

Developing new urban public transport systems: An irrational decision-making process

The decision-making process for planning new urban public transport systems in the UK is examined by studying 11 new and planned systems. The objectives of building the systems relate to transport and development issues. A number of key factors are taken into account during the decision-making process: forecast demand, image, deregulation of buses, technological innovation, private sector involvement and the funding mechanism. The requirement for proven technology and the forecast demand for the systems reduces the choice to one of light rail or bus. The effects of bus deregulation, funding and image, essentially reduce that choice to light rail or nothing. Cost should be kept low, which suggests a bus based system, but current legislation favours more expensive light rail systems. The conclusion is that although transport planners make rational decisions within the current political framework, the framework, and therefore some of the decisions, are not rational.     

Cleaner vehicle buses in Winchester

This paper reports the results of a package of measures, contained within a Quality Bus Partnership, designed to reduce the environmental impact of the local bus fleet in Winchester. These measures were implemented by Hampshire County Council, Stagecoach Bus Company and Winchester City Council as part of the EU-sponsored CIVITAS MIRACLES project which ran from 2002 to 2006 and whose aims included reducing the environmental impact of transport at the local level while increasing urban accessibility. It follows on from a previous paper published in Transport Policy in 2007 looking at the success of measures implemented in Winchester to improve bus service quality and information.These implemented measures included the introduction of 13 new Euro III buses, re-powering 10 older buses from Euro I to Euro III standard, adding particulate traps to four Euro II buses and the demonstration of two different diesel/electric hybrid buses during two week-long trials in 2003 and 2004 along the Park and Ride route.In order to evaluate the effects of these measures, data was collected from the bus operator Stagecoach regarding their fleet of 59 vehicles in Winchester. This included their emission standard, reliability, average age and smoke test results. Emission modelling was carried out using a vehicle activity model on a key city centre street to assess emissions savings as a result of the implemented measures. In addition, two bus questionnaire surveys were carried out to assess passenger's views of the two diesel/electric hybrid buses used during the trials. Conclusions and recommendations have been made with regard to the environmental impact of the cleaner Winchester bus fleet and the contribution it has made to reducing emissions from motor vehicles in the Winchester central area.     

Impacts of vehicle restrictions on urban transport flows: The case of Santiago,Chile

Regression models are employed to quantify the effects of vehicle restrictions on private and public transport passenger flows in Santiago, Chile using trip flow data for cars, buses and the city's Metro rail system. Estimates are derived for the effects of two restrictions: a permanent measure applied from April through August 2008 to vehicles without catalytic converters and additional measures that banned the use of vehicles with catalytic converters between 7:30 am and 9 pm on days declared as environmental “pre-emergencies” due to high air pollution levels. The estimates show that the permanent restriction had no impact on the use of private cars while the additional restriction curtailed their use by 5.5%. Also, on pre-emergency days the flow of passengers to the Metro increased by about 3% while the bus network showed no statistically significant increase. The pre-emergency restrictions thus had an effect on the ridership of the Metro but not on the bus network as alternatives to the use of private cars.     

铁路客运站配套停车场泊位数量计算模型

铁路客运站配套停车场主要用于停靠接、送旅客的非营运车辆和出租车与其他社会车辆。在考虑接旅客车辆在停车场停留时间、旅客列车到达时刻、乘坐接旅客车辆人数等因素的基础上,构建接旅客车辆所需泊位数计算模型,采用系数法构建送旅客车辆和其他社会车辆所需泊位数计算模型,形成停车场泊位数量计算模型。以计算石家庄客运站停车场所需泊位数量为例,通过模型应用验证,分析模型的有效性。     

Focusing on the big picture while observing the concerns of both managers and passengers in the post-covid era

This study reveals how to improve and define the issues of service quality in the airline sector after the outbreak of COVID-19, to what extent customer needs (important issues) and expectations (expected performances) will differ, and the priorities of airline sector managers in terms of resource allocation, costs, planned strategies, and operational efficiency and effectiveness. It offers a systematic and interactive perspective by simultaneously providing the perspective of both airline managers and passengers by using a new hybrid method, namely Fuzzy Importance, Expected Performance, and Priority Analysis (FIEPA) with VIKOR. This method allows the use of different perspectives of different managers in the analysis, which can be prioritized with different weights. According to the results of the study, in which 449 passengers participated on Twitter, the attributes on which airline managers should focus were determined, having three distinctive characteristics of being important for customers, having high priority according managers, and having low expected performance according customers. Twenty-two attributes related to the service quality of airlines during outbreak periods were classified into three main dimensions as “social distance and hygiene during flight”, “information awareness and concern”, and “infection alert procedure”.