Social security and cross-country differences in hours: A general equilibrium analysis

I develop a general equilibrium life cycle model with an intensive and extensive margin of labor supply and endogenous human capital accumulation. I use the model to assess the effects of changes to various features of social security on labor supply outcomes. Of particular interest are changes to the scale of the program and to the relevant eligibility rules. I find that the cross-country differences in social security programs account for at least 79% of the differences in employment rates of people aged 55–64 and 17–31% of the differences in aggregate hours worked between the US and continental Europe.     

熵理论对企业生命周期的解释

企业的生命周期大多经历产生、成长、成熟与衰退等阶段。决定企业处于不同生命阶段的因素在于企业是逐渐走向有序还是逐渐走向混乱,而描述物质的有序度“熵”能合适地表征企业生命的特征。企业经历不同的生命阶段时,其熵也会逐渐地变化。本文从“社会——经济——自然”的复合系统角度,应用熵理论解释了企业处于不同的生命周期熵变的特点。     

全寿命周期集成化管理模式的思想和组织

决策阶段开发管理（DM）,实施阶段业主项目管理（OPM）和运营阶段物业管理（FM）在建设项目传统管理模式中相互独立,导致许多弊端,主要表现在最终用户需求自决策阶段开始就得不到准确的定义,项目参与各方所拥有的知识和经验不能很好地为全寿命周期目标的实现服务。对不同阶段之间界面很难进行有效的组织和管理、全寿命周期不同阶段生成的信息不能共享。本文提出了建设项目全寿命周期集成化管理（LCIM）模式的全新概念,并对相应的组织模式进行了深入的分析。     

我国企业多元化经营战略问题与对策

在全球化经济背景下,多元化经营是企业寻求未来发展的一条重要途径。但是只有当企业具有了核心竞争力,积累了一定的资金和剩余资源,且原有产业处于衰退期时,企业才可实施多元化战略。在企业实施多元化战略的过程中,企业不能忽视对核心竞争力的培育,并要在实施多元化后注重企业内部的整合。企业只有有了正确的认识和战略规划,才能在多元化发展的道路上获得成功。     

企业家·生命·周期及其价值提升研究

互企业家生命周期是指企业家所面临的一个从起步到成长、从成长到成熟、从成熟到衰退的过程。本文从分析企业家生命周期的内涵出发,探讨了影响企业家生命周期的因素,企业家生命周期与企业家价值之间的关系,得出可以通过优化企业家生命周期来提升企业家价值;最后提出了一些优化企业家生命周期的具体途径。     

Integrating sustainable development in the supply chain: The case of life cycle assessment in oil and gas and agricultural biotechnology

It is widely accepted that firms play an important stewardship role in addressing sustainable development concerns. A key challenge in this role is to balance the often conflicting pressures created by sustainable development—firm-level economic performance versus environmental degradation and social disruption. Drawing on complexity theory, risk management, stakeholder theory and the innovation dynamics literature, we discuss the problems of integrating sustainable development concerns in the supply chain, specifically the applicability of life cycle assessment (LCA). Many authors have emphasized the importance of the “cradle to grave” approach of LCA in optimizing closed-loop supply chains, improving product design and stewardship. Based on two case studies (an agricultural biotechnology and an oil and gas company) with supporting data collected from key stakeholders, we argue that sustainable development pressures have increased complexities and presented ambiguous challenges that many current environmental management techniques cannot adequately address. We provide a framework that addresses these deficiencies and discuss implications for practitioners and management theory.     

虚拟建筑业企业的生命周期运营机理研究

我国实行建筑业虚拟企业的管理,为整体创建行业的基础平台,在建设工程管理决策过程中,由于建筑业企业处于不同的经营平台,为项目管理建筑业虚拟企业的基础.事物的发展都有一个生命周期,虚拟企业是通过临时的企业联盟,对企业之间各自资源整合,发展迅速近年来备受关注.建筑业通过结构重组,行业以不同企业其核心优势形成新的三个规模序列,可以把握快速变化的市场商机会,工程项目建设实际需要组建建筑业虚拟企业.本文论述建筑业虚拟企业的生命周期概念,构建运营过程的分析和机理研究,及其关键技术VERP,项目管理生命周期的内容关键环节的控制研究是十分重要的.     

Escape dynamics and equilibria selection by iterative cycle decomposition

This paper explores the medium-run behaviour of bounded rational players in repeatedly played games when they occasionally experiment or make mistakes. The formal analysis introduces a hierarchical structure of limit sets to characterize the most possible medium-run behaviour over gradually increased time intervals. The paper refines the notion of stochastic stability and offers a precise measure of the speed at which stochastically stable equilibria occur. Finally, the paper applies the results to a 3×3 symmetric game of Young (1993).     

产品寿命周期理论与标准化工作的探讨

根据实现带全局意义的两个根本性转变的要求,阐述了应用产品寿命周期理论对企业标准化工作的作用和意义。     

Risk preventative innovation strategies for emerging technologies the cases of nano-textiles and smart textiles

Emerging technologies can result in unintended side effects that are detrimental on safeguard subjects, namely environment, health & safety and sustainability (EHS/S). Adverse impacts of technologies can result in enterprise risks for companies that develop their business strategies around technological innovation. The EHS/S risks should therefore be mitigated prior to the market proliferation of new technologies. Risk preventative innovation strategies enhance the competitiveness of those companies that create safe and socially acceptable products.     

Stock holdings over the life cycle: Who hesitates to join the market?

In this paper, we study the empirical relationship between age and individual wealth held in stocks, focusing on the heterogeneity of risk-taking over the life cycle in the population. We use micro-data and nonparametric quantile regression to argue that there is a pronounced life cycle pattern of risk-taking for households, which is conditional upon ownership. Specifically, we show that the fraction of stock investment decreases to bottom significantly in midlife and increases afterwards, contradicting the popular evidence claiming a hump-shaped pattern. The pressure of large financial obligations during middle age may be the reason for the crowding out of stock market risk-taking and could induce low capital returns for households.     

Health and political regimes: Evidence from quantile regression

This study investigates how political regimes affect health conditions such as infant and child mortality rates and life expectancy using data from 180 countries observed between 1960 and 2013. Panel quantile regression is used to examine the effects at different intervals throughout the distribution of health outcomes. The estimation results indicate that democracy has significant positive effects on health outcomes and that its impacts are greater when health outcomes are worse. These results are robust to different democracy and health indices. The effects of different types of democracies and dictatorships are also considered, that is parliamentary, mixed (semi-presidential) and presidential democracies, and civilian, military and royal dictatorships. The parliamentary form of democracy has the largest positive impact on health outcomes at the worst quantile of health outcomes, although the difference in the impacts of the three types of democracies is not necessarily large. Furthermore, all types of dictatorships have a negative impact on health outcomes, with military dictatorship having the worst outcome when health outcomes are worse. Finally, the effects of democratization on health outcomes are significantly positive when the health outcomes are worse.     

Comparison of Frontier Efficiency Methods: An Application to the U.S. Life Insurance Industry

The objective of this paper is to provide new information on the performance of efficiency estimation methods by applying a wide range of econometric and mathematical programming techniques to a sample of U.S. life insurers. Average efficiencies differ significantly across methods. The efficiency rankings are well-preserved among the econometric methods; but the rankings are less consistent between the econometric and mathematical programming methods and between the data envelopment analysis and free disposal hull techniques. Thus, the choice of estimation method can have a significant effect on the conclusions of an efficiency study. Most of the insurers in the sample display either increasing or decreasing returns to scale, and stock and mutual insurers are found to be equally efficient after controlling for firm size.