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1.
This article presents alternative specifications of the production functions of a large panel of Swedish firms for the period 1992 to 2000. The period can be characterized as a transition when long-run productivity growth in the Swedish economy improved from being among the weakest to one of the strongest within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In order to present a detailed exploration of this dramatic change, the time trend and general index models are applied to estimate Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth, rate of technical change and returns to scale. The models are extended to allow for firm specific as well as time-varying technical change. The parametric TFP measures are also compared with the nonparametric Solow residual, and several hypotheses are tested to explain the growth patterns in the Swedish economy. It is found that the improved growth rate, initially starting in large exporting manufacturing firms, after a deep economic crisis at the beginning of the 1990s, spilled over to the rest of the economy, both manufacturing and services. 相似文献
2.
This paper analyzes the importance of integration into world markets following the collapse of central planning in explaining the productivity growth performance of Bulgarian firms. Using a large panel data set on 1,300 manufacturing firms for 13 quarters, we find that a shift towards sourcing from - and exporting to - OECD markets is a significant factor explaining firm-level total factor productivity growth. 相似文献
3.
Using a number of alternative approaches, Sichel (1994) demonstrated evidence supporting the notion that the US business cycle is best characterized as having three distinct phases, viz. contraction, followed by rapid expansion during the early stages of the recovery phase, followed by a period of more normal expansionary growth, with the cycle then repeating itself. This contrasts with the more usual expansion/contraction, two phase characterization but is more in keeping with the original notion of the business cycle as conceived by Burns and Mitchell (1946). Here an alternative approach is employed for shedding light on this issue. Following the original suggestion of Hamilton (1989, 1990, 1991), a simple nonlinear, three phase, regime switching Markov model is compared against its simpler two phase version to determine which version is statistically more consistent with the business cycle historical evidence. The evidence seems to clearly support the three phase characterization and that this characterization yields interesting information on business cycle dynamics which is necessarily missed by the two phase model formulation. 相似文献
4.
The Luenberger productivity indicator is employed to estimate and decompose productivity change in a sample of cooperative banks operating in 10 EU member states. An average annualised productivity growth of 2.59% is reported between 1996 and 2003, though there is heterogeneity in growth rates across countries. Generally speaking, productivity growth is driven by technological change. However, cooperative banks in southern European banking markets benefit as much from efficiency growth or catching‐up with industry best practice. The results suggest that technology sharing arrangements and greater competition arising from deregulation are positive contributors towards productivity change. 相似文献
5.
In this article, we show that the recent financial crisis has significantly affected the potential total factor productivity (TFP) of the four largest euro area economies, as well as that of the rest of the euro area. We used a reduced-form equation of TFP, based on an approach recently developed by Cahn and Saint-Guilhem (2010). Our empirical findings show that the permanent impact on potential TFP varies across countries from –3.9 points to –1.3 points in Q2 2012. When these losses are incorporated, TFP gaps develop closely in line with capacity utilization rates (CUR). Moreover, in the case of France, including CUR in our TFP model improves the quasi-real-time reliability of TFP gap estimates. 相似文献
6.
Ronald Ravinesh Kumar Peter Josef Stauvermann Nikeel N. Kumar 《Applied economics》2018,50(26):2860-2877
Both Bangladesh and India are among the top recipient of remittances in absolute terms. However, in relative terms – remittances as a per cent of GDP – the two countries stand at 6.1% and 2.8%, respectively, well below the levels of the top 10 recipients. In this article, we explore the effect of remittances on the total factor productivity (TFP) growth considering Bangladesh and India, as reference countries over the periods 1980–2012 and 1977–2012, respectively. We examine the presence of a long-run association between remittances and TFP using a number of tests. The results indicate that remittances have threshold effects on TFP growth in both countries. Despite the two countries receiving substantial amount of remittances, we note that Bangladesh has a U-shaped relationship whereas India has an inverted U-shaped relationship with TFP growth. For Bangladesh, a minimum threshold of remittances (% GDP) is 5.3% and for India, a tipping point of remittances (% GDP) is at 1.8%. The causality tests confirm a bidirectional effect, which implies that remittances and TFP growth are mutually reinforcing. Interestingly, while the two economies have similar remittances impact in regards to causality, the study highlights two different tipping points of remittances. 相似文献
7.
中国金融发展与全要素生产率关系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用柯布一道格拉斯生产函数和增长核算法计算出1978—2006年全国的TFP,并选取FIR作为金融发展指标,对二者进行单位根检验、协整检验,继而运用误差修正模型得出FIR与TFP的回归方程。实证结果显示,长期全要素生产率存在一定的自回归调整,金融发展的短期波动也起到了显著的调整作用。 相似文献
8.
We use firm-level data to analyze male–female wage differences in Chinese industry in the late 1990s. Our estimates indicate that employers' discrimination against women was not a significant source of the gender wage gap in Chinese state-owned enterprises. Instead, we find that the relative wage of unskilled female to male workers was higher than their relative productivity. This result indicates that unskilled female workers in the state sector had historically received wage premiums and consequently accounted for a disproportionate share of the sector's labor surplus. 相似文献
9.
Hidemichi Fujii Kazuma Edamura Koichi Sumikura Yoko Furusawa Naomi Fukuzawa 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(3):248-262
This study analyzes the total factor productivity of 1067 Japanese manufacturing firms. In production estimation, we employ the directional distance function and Luenberger productivity indicator. Research and development strategy survey data are used to analyze the determinant factors related to improvements in innovation and productivity. Our results indicate that increasing technology and knowledge through a ‘black box’ process is related to an increase in productivity. Furthermore, the protection and management of production knowledge and expertise is a valid method of increasing global technical change. 相似文献
10.
随着我国环境规制体系的不断完善,环境规制在促进经济绿色发展中所发挥的作用越来越重要,其中2011年提出的碳排放权交易政策是这一体系中重要的一种环境规制制度。因此,在利用DEA-Malmquist指数法来测度中国2009—2017年30个省份制造业绿色全要素生产率的基础上,将2013年在试点省市正式实施的碳排放权交易政策作为一次准自然实验,采用倾向匹配得分的双重差分法(PSM-DID)研究了环境规制对制造业绿色全要素生产率的影响效应。实证研究表明:制造业绿色全要素生产率受环境规制的影响逐步改善,对MGTFP分解项的影响和对MGTFP的影响相一致。在对MGTFP分解项的影响中,技术进步所受的影响最大,纯技术效率所受的影响最小,综合技术效率所受到的影响要大于规模效率所受到的影响,产业结构、政府干预及城镇化对MGTFP及其分解项的影响存在差异,技术创新对MGTFP及其分解项的影响为正,对外开放对MGTFP分解项的影响为负,这与对MGTFP的影响一致。 相似文献
11.
Ioannis Bournakis 《International Review of Applied Economics》2012,26(1):47-72
The main hypothesis tested in the paper is whether technology is a conduit of productivity growth for a country that falls behind the frontier. Although the current analysis focuses on a country growth narrative, the evidence represents a pair of countries (i.e. Greece and Germany) that admittedly form the periphery and the core of Europe. The first lesson taken from the study is that for more than two decades the speed of productivity adjustment was rather low in Greece, underlying a number of unobserved rigidities that exist both at the industry and the institutional level. Even though the speed of technology transfer is low, the adoption of foreign technology remains an important source of productivity growth. Other key findings are that productivity gains from trade exist but their full realization requires a substantial time lag. Additionally, the degree of trade openness improves absorptive capacity, confirming the dual role of trade as recently stressed in the productivity literature. R&D activity is another productivity growth contributor but only through higher rates of innovation. 相似文献
12.
中国制造业空间集聚对全要素生产率的影响机理研究——基于双门限回归模型的实证分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章根据中国2000-2008年20个制造行业的面板数据,建立了以产业空间集聚水平为门限变量的双门限回归模型,以考察产业空间集聚对全要素生产率的影响机理。研究发现,产业空间集聚主要促进体现型技术进步,对技术效率的影响较弱;产业空间集聚的影响存在门限效应,其影响力随集聚水平的提高而逐步减弱,集聚规模存在最佳边界;产业空间集聚对全要素生产率及技术进步的影响在不同门限区间的行业技术梯度特征较明显,资源性和中低技术行业的集聚水平较低但集聚效应较高。 相似文献
13.
Drawing on the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, we revisit the link between firm-level investment climate and productive performance for a panel of enterprises surveyed twice in time in 70 developing countries and 11 manufacturing industries. We take advantage of the time dimension available for an increasing number of countries to tackle the endogeneity issue stressed in previous studies. We also use pertinent econometric techniques to address other biases inherent in the data (e.g.measurement errors, missing observations and multicollinearity). Our results reinforce previous findings by validating, with a larger than usual sample of countries and industries, the importance of a larger set of environment variables. We show that infrastructure quality, information & communication technologies, skills and experience of the labour force, cost of and access to financing, security and political stability, competition and government relation contribute to firms’ and countries’ performances gap. The empirical analysis also illustrates that firms which choose an outward orientation have higher productivity level. Nevertheless, outward oriented enterprises are more sensitive to investment climate limitations. These findings have important policy implications by showing which dimensions of the business environment, in which industry, could help manufacturing firms to be more competitive in the present context of increasing globalization. 相似文献
14.
运用非参数的Malmquist生产率指数方法,测算了1998—2007年上海20个制造业行业的全要素生产率指数及其技术效率和技术进步的变化指数;用基于面板数据的计量回归模型对上海市制造业行业全要素生产率的影响因素进行了实证检验。得出以下结论:上海制造业行业全要素生产率的增长主要是由技术进步带来的,技术效率变化指数表现出负增长;外商直接投资对上海制造业企业没有明显的外溢效应,产业集聚对上海制造业行业的全要素生产率增长有显著的促进作用,出口贸易具有显著的阻碍作用,国有产权比重具有显著的反向作用。 相似文献
15.
利用Malmquist生产率指数方法,对我国29个省的制造业在1999--2005年间的全要素生产率(TFP)的变化进行了测算,把TFP的增长构成分解为技术进步和生产效率变化两个成分,并对其区域差异进行了分析,最后对省际制造业TFP进行了趋同分析。结果显示:我国制造业TFP的增长主要是由技术进步推动的,当技术进步促进TFP提升时,总会受到生产效率下降对TFP增长的抑制影响;区域间技术进步及技术效率存在较大差异,省级制造业TFP存在条件β收敛。 相似文献
16.
基于2001—2017年A股上市制造企业数据,探究了普通职工收入分配不公平对企业全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明:普通职工收入分配不公平明显制约了企业全要素生产率的提升;资本劳动比弱化了普通职工收入分配不公平对企业全要素生产率的负向影响;相对于资本密集型企业,技术密集型和劳动密集型企业的全要素生产率更易受到普通职工收入分配不公平的影响;普通职工收入分配不公平通过影响技术水平和管理成本的方式作用于全要素生产率。 相似文献
17.
This paper presents novel evidence on the impact of temperature on daily indoor worker productivity in a non-climate-controlled manufacturing environment in China. Combining individual worker productivity data from personnel records with weather data, it documents an inverted-U shaped relationship between temperature and labor productivity. Workers do not increase avoidance behavior. The findings suggest that the economic loss from reduced manufacturing labor productivity due to ambient temperature is quantitatively important, providing new insights into the biological effects of climate factor on human labor. Further, back-of-the envelope calculations indicate that the estimated welfare gains from preventing extreme temperatures are substantial. 相似文献
18.
Kenneth Carlaw 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(4):299-309
A dynamic general equilibrium model is constructed and used to identify sources of total factor productivity growth in Canada and to quantify their importance. The model also provides procedures for constructing measures of technological progress. We find that periods of low productivity growth correspond to periods of high growth in investment-specific technology (IST) or high rates of technology embodiment. For example, the growth rate of IST was relatively high between 1974 and 1996. The higher growth rate of IST during this period should have increased the rate of productivity growth by an estimated 0.29 percentage points, ceteris paribus. Yet, productivity growth slowed. Why? 相似文献
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技术吸收能力对技术溢出和全要素生产率的影响——基于1995—2009年中国省区面板数据 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
利用1995—2009年我国28个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,采用数据包络分析法,实证检验了地区的技术吸收能力对地区获得的技术溢出及其全要素生产率的影响。研究表明:省际技术溢出以及来自进出口贸易、FDI和ODI渠道的技术溢出都是影响地区TFP及其分解变量——技术进步、技术效率的重要因素;人力资本、制度因素、技术差距和吸收能力综合变量通过与技术溢出发生交互作用,对地区TFP、技术效率和技术进步产生显著影响。 相似文献