Mega-Events and Conflict: The Case of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics

This study investigated the conflict structure in the 2018 mega-event of the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. Conflict theory was used as the main theoretical underpinning of the mega-event. A survey was conducted to collect the data. The participants were individuals over the age of 20 who resided in Gangwon Province. This study analyzed the data using confirmatory factor analysis, a correlation matrix, and path analysis. The results suggested that conflicts were caused by negative perceptions of the impact of the mega-event. In addition, the conflicts could be classified into conflicts of interest and conflicts of values. This research demonstrated that the conflicts influenced residents’ negative attitudes. In particular, the strongest influences were exerted by environmental perceptions and conflicts of values. These results can be regarded as baseline data when staging events or establishing related policies, as they present specific information about the causes, types, and outcomes of conflicts.     

2010年上海世博会旅游发展潜力的效应分析

本文从世博会的基本情况入手，首先对20lO年上海世博会的潜力效应、增量效应、洲际和洲内竞争效应进行了分析。并从管理体制、市场运作、会展立法、人力资源等说明了上海世博会的负面效应，针对此提出了解决对策。     

Recreational Conflict Is Affective: The Case of Cross-Country Skiers and Snowmobiles

The authors conducted a field experiment to test the assumption that subjective feelings are important in recreation conflict. During a weekend, cross-country skiers in a popular recreation area were assigned randomly to an experimental group who were exposed to an operating snowmobile, and a control group who were not exposed. Both groups completed a self-report questionnaire to provide information on their subjective experiences during their outing. The experimental group answered the questions five to ten minutes after encountering a snowmobile. Participants were not informed about the connection between the snowmobile and the investigation, and the questions regarding effects were answered before any clues were given about snowmobiles being an issue. Results showed that relative to the control group, skiers who encountered a snowmobile had their affective quality significantly reduced. Moreover, encountering a single snowmobile had an effect on participants' beliefs about the extent to which noise from snowmobiles disturbed the quality of ski-touring in general.     

Relationship between customer sentiment and online customer ratings for hotels - An empirical analysis

This study aims to establish a relationship between customer sentiments in online reviews and customer ratings for hotels. Customer sentiment refers to the emotions expressed by customers through the text reviews. These sentiments can be positive, negative or neutral. The study explores customer sentiments and expresses them in terms of customer sentiment polarity. Our results find consistency between customer ratings and actual customer feelings across hotels belonging to the two categories of premium and budget. Customer sentiment polarity explains significant variation in customer ratings across both the hotel categories. With regard to managerial implications, the study finds that, when compared with premium hotels, managers of budget hotels should improve their staff performance and hotel services. The present study is not exhaustive and other factors like customer review length and review title sentiment can be analyzed for their effects on customer ratings.     

Conflict,exhaustion, and motivation: A study of frontline employees in Northern Cyprus hotels

This study develops and tests a model that investigates the effects of work-family conflict, emotional exhaustion, and intrinsic motivation on affective job outcomes using data from frontline employees in Northern Cyprus hotels. Results show that work-family conflict is positively related to emotional exhaustion. Work-family conflict was found to be negatively associated with job satisfaction. However, the study results demonstrate that work-family conflict did not depict any significant relationships with affective organizational commitment and intention to leave. Results indicate that emotional exhaustion leads to job dissatisfaction, decreased affective organizational commitment, and high levels of intention to leave. Results reveal that intrinsic motivation is significantly related to emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment. In addition, the study results provide empirical support for the positive impact of job satisfaction on affective organizational commitment and the negative effects of job satisfaction and affective commitment to the organization on intention to leave. Discussion and implications of the results are presented in the study.     

饭店人才环境评价指标体系研究

饭店人才流动率高有多方面原因,其中一个重要原因是饭店企业的人才环境不尽如人意。本文对饭店人才发展的先决条件——人才环境进行了研究,根据ERG理论将饭店人才环境确定为基础环境、主导环境、驱动环境3项一级指标,利用德尔菲法确定了14项二级指标,并通过运用层次分析法,借助相关计算机统计软件,对测评指标的权重进行确定,构建了饭店人才环境评价指标体系。     

旅游区服务质量问题产生原因分析及控制途径

文章从旅游区服务质量标准制定的两大过程、四个环节出发,分析了目前服务质量问题产生的根源,提出了相应的措施,为有效控制旅游区服务质量提供思路.     

A comparison of the National Geographic Stewardship Scorecard Ratings by experts and stakeholders for selected World Heritage destinations

The National Geographic Society Center for Sustainable Destinations Stewardship Scorecards for 2003 and 2006 compared ratings by “experts” for 33 World Heritage Site destinations. Nine (27.3%) improved by four or more points and six (18.2%) decreased by four or more points in the three years. In 2006, local stakeholders rated these World Heritage destinations using the same criteria as the experts. Stakeholders rated six destinations (18.2%) lower and almost half of the 33 destinations (48.8%) increased by five or more points. A moderate positive correlation was determined between the ratings of the experts and stakeholders. Comments by experts and stakeholders related to each of the scorecard criterion measures were analyzed. ANOVA and t-test were performed to examine the six stakeholder categories ratings for each of the six criteria and the results are presented. The assumptions and limitations of the survey methodology are discussed along with recommendations for improving the Destination Stewardship Scorecard Survey.     

中国旅行社产业景气周期的指数化研究

本文通过对自1993年以来各项统计数据的系统梳理,构建了中国旅行社产业景气指数模型,在定量研究的基础上对产业发展进程和产业贡献率进行了分期和评价.     

旅游发展规划评审指标体系构建与实证研究——以陕西省秦岭旅游发展专项规划为例

旅游发展规划评审是赋予旅游发展规划权威性和合法化的核心环节,目前,我国旅游发展规划评审主要以定性为主,且存在＂走形式＂不规范现象。文章从旅游发展规划评审规范性、科学性、可行性和创新性4个层面构建了25个指标的评价体系,并以陕西省秦岭旅游发展专项规划为例进行了实证研究。研究发现：①旅游发展规划评审系统由旅游发展规划编制主体系统、规划对象系统和管理系统3部分构成,旅游发展规划评审利益相关者分为核心利益相关者和边缘利益相关者。②可行性指标权重最大,处于核心地位;科学性指标权重次之,成为评审工作重点审查对象;创新性指标权重居第三,规划内容和技术创新受到关注;规范性指标权重最小,与规划形式和内容体系发展密切相关。③旅游发展规划评审应增加旅游发展成果论证环节,实行定性、定量和定级相结合的评审方式,开发旅游发展规划评审管理系统。     

城市郊区游憩用地配置影响因素分析

随着休闲时代的到来,城市郊区土地的游憩效用越来越受人关注。土地游憩功效的发挥受城市规划理念、居民休闲需求与出行习惯、土地供给制度、资源分布、经济发展和生态安全等多种因素的制约,在这些因素的共同作用下,每个城市表现出不同的游憩土地配置结果。科学的游憩土地配置要调解好城市发展与自然保护、经济增长与社会效益之间的矛盾,这是打造宜居城市的必经之路。     

An Extension of the Four-Stage Loyalty Model: The Critical Role of Positive Switching Barriers

ABSTRACT

This study broadened Oliver's (1997 Oliver, R. L. 1997. Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.  [Google Scholar]) four-stage loyalty theory by incorporating positive switching barriers and multiple dimensions of cognition, and altering the links in the original theory to build a robust model that offers a clearer understanding of customers' loyalty formation. A total of 394 survey responses from full-service restaurant customers was used to achieve study objectives. Findings for the measurement model revealed a satisfactory level of construct reliability and validity. Supporting all research hypotheses, results from the structural model verified the adequacy of the extended loyalty theory. In particular, five paths were added for model improvement; a sequential process of loyalty development through cognitive, affective, conative, and action loyalty was confirmed; mediating impacts of attitudinal loyalty were identified; and an asymmetric role between factors of positive switching barriers in determining action loyalty was found. Implications of this study are discussed.     

Testing Alternative Leisure Constraint Negotiation Models: An Extension of Hubbard and Mannell's Study

The purpose of this study was to test a model of the leisure constraint negotiation process proposed by Hubbard and Mannell. A multidimensional measure of physically active leisure was used to extend their findings to a sample of middle-aged and older adults in a metropolitan park setting. Volunteers and visitors (aged 50–87 years) of a Midwestern metropolitan park agency completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results of a two-step structural equation modeling procedure suggested a constraint-negotiation dual channel model. In this model, the negative influence of constraints on participation was almost entirely offset by the positive effect of negotiation strategies. The effect of motivation on participation was fully mediated by negotiation. The implications of these findings for studying constraint negotiation and active leisure in mid- to late-life are discussed.     

上海旅游业培育成战略性支柱产业的要求、路径、潜力与对策研究

在＂十二五＂期间,我国各级政府如何加快实现把旅游业培育成国民经济战略性支柱产业这一目标？这是一个具有重要理论与实践价值的课题。文章选择上海市为研究对象,对把旅游业培育成为国民经济战略性支柱产业的四大问题进行系统研究：（1）旅游业培育成战略性支柱产业的含义与带动要求;（2）上海旅游产业发展的相对位置与成为战略性支柱产业的发展路径;（3）上海旅游业培育成战略性支柱产业的发展潜力;（4）上海旅游业培育成战略性支柱产业的对策。文章的研究思路、方法与成果不仅对上海,而且对全国各地如何把旅游产业培育成战略性支柱产业,具有普遍的参考意义。     

北京间接入境聚集旅游流流势时空演化规律研究

通过对旅游流研究进展分析,引入物理学理论方法,文章提出了旅游流流势概念,依据权威部门多年统计数据分析了1999～2007年间北京15条入境聚集旅游流流势时空演化规律,并借助SPSS软件进行聚类分析。研究发现,北京聚集流流势在时空演化规律方面存在明显的经济导向性和区位导向性。从聚类分析结果来看,北京15条聚集流可总体分为4大股聚集流,分别是以环渤海典型旅游区、长三角典型旅游区、珠三角典型旅游区为核心的三大股聚集流和福建贵州自成一组的聚集流。     

低碳旅游景区概念模型及评价指标体系构建

何谓低碳旅游景区?如何评价低碳旅游景区发展水平?这是一个庞大复杂的系统工程,存在评估因子多、涉及范围广、评估标准难以量化等因素,但这方面研究无疑是景区低碳转型的基础和依据。文章参照联合国可持续发展委员会(UNCSD)提出的驱动力—状态—响应(Driving—Status—Response,DSR)模型,构建低碳旅游景区概念模型。低碳旅游景区不能简单等同于节能减排,而是应该拓展到景区发展阶段、资源环境、减排技术、消费经营和政策理念5个层面上。选取"低碳经济指标、低碳环境指标、低碳运营指标、低碳技术指标、低碳管理指标"构建经济—环境—运营—技术—管理五维综合评价指标体系的理论框架,以期为定量评估低碳景区发展潜力提供参考依据,也为未来低碳景区指标核查、减排项目合作、建立排放补偿系统提供理论指导和技术支持。     

大学生酒店实习社会化及其留职意愿影响因素分析

实习社会化是大学生社会化过程中的一环,会对其职业生涯和留职意愿产生重要影响。本文通过实地调查,应用分层回归方法探讨了大学生酒店实习社会化及其留职意愿的影响因素。研究结果发现:(1)工作条件和组织信任与大学生实习社会化、留职意愿正相关;(2)大学生性格特征与实习社会化正相关;(3)实习社会化在工作条件、组织信任对大学生留职意愿的影响中起部分中介作用,在大学生性格特征对其留职意愿的影响中起完全中介作用。据此,文章最后提出了管理建议。     

我国入境旅游人次月度指数预测模型比较研究

需求预测是旅游产业经营决策的基本依据,但产业的广泛关联性与各类突发事件使旅游需求预测尤其是中短期预测较为困难.本文采用X12-ARIMA模型、TRAMO/SEATS模型、ARMA模型与GARCH模型,对异常数据点采用附加的外部冲击调整,利用7种估计方法估计了我国入境旅游人次的月度指数并进行了预测比较,发现采用外部冲击检测的TRAMO/SEATS模型由于能有效提取序列数据的信息,对预测我国入境旅游人次最为有效.     

工作家庭冲突对饭店女性员工顾客导向影响实证分析

工作家庭冲突对员工工作和家庭行为都具有显著的影响。针对高星级饭店女性员工的实证调查表明,家庭对工作的干扰和工作对家庭的干扰都会导致员工出现情绪衰竭和情感疏远的倾向,进而削弱员工的顾客导向。因此,饭店管理者需要从设计弹性管理策略和系统构建家庭支持方案入手,缓和员工工作和家庭之间的冲突,目的在于同时提升员工的工作绩效和主观幸福感。     

近十年我国旅游学术共同体成果的h指数测度与评价

h指数是一项评价科学家科研绩效的定量指标,一个人的h指数越高,表明他的论文影响力越大。文章对2003~2012年我国旅游学术共同体(学术期刊、旅游研究者、高等院校及科研机构等)的旅游研究成果应用h指数进行测度和评价。h指数的计算兼顾了论文的数量和质量,弥补了单纯以论文数量来测度和评价学术共同体成员(如学术期刊、研究者和学术机构等)成果学术影响力和贡献度的不足,增加了旅游学术影响力的评价维度,较为全面客观地反映了我国旅游学术共同体成员的科研生产力和学术影响力,更为全面客观地测度和评价了近十年来我国旅游学术研究的概貌和特征,对旅游学术共同体成员成果进行了评价和排序。