农业面源污染防治现状研究

随着我国农业发展的进步,大多数的农业生产过程中喜欢使用农药化肥增加粮食的产量,加上农业垃圾的增加,使得各个地方逐渐出现耕地质量降低、水体污染、农药残留在土壤中、出勤粪便使用率低等现象。这些现象的出现导致现阶段各个地域出现越来越严重的农业面源污染。农业面源污染现象很大程度上影响了我国农业经济的可持续发展,导致农业经济发展水平落后的现象出现。当前人们对于农业面源污染的防治意识较为薄弱,防治手段基本流于形式,防治效果几乎可以忽略不计,因此有效的农业面源污染防治的改进措施显得尤为重要。为了分析农业面源污染防治现状的改进措施,笔者针对农业面源污染防治的现状进行了分析。     

流域生态横向补偿制度的法律困境与优化路径

流域生态横向补偿制度是推进黄河流域高质量发展,加强生态文明建设的重要制度创新.公平效率观、外部性理论、自然资源产权理论应属于该制度的理论基础.目前,流域生态横向补偿实践中存在立法滞后、补偿模式单一、上下游间协调互动不足、监测与考核机制缺失等问题.因此,应推进流域生态横向补偿立法进程,构建多元化的补偿模式,完善生态补偿区域协调机制,构建补偿监测与考核制度.     

人工生态护岸技术研究与应用进展

传统的硬质护岸如浆砌石护岸、混凝土护岸造成河流形态平直化、阻碍了流域内水和营养物质的交换,同时随着河流污染程度的增加,河流生态环境受到了影响.人工生态护岸兼具护坡及生态修复功能,在河岸治理工程已得到广泛的应用,本文在总结国内外人工生态护岸发展现状的基础上,对当前人工生态护岸的类型、生态修复及护坡技术、国内外应用情况进行...     

流域一体化进程中旅游地可持续发展研究框架

流域是相对封闭、自成体系的地理空间,流域旅游是流域可持续开发的重要组成部分。从流域生态系统服务出发分析流域一体化进程中旅游地的可持续发展,以全流域功能和结构转型视角探究旅游地绿色发展的优化策略与调控路径,是适应国内流域经济带建设、提升流域社会福利和发展公平性,促进流域生态安全屏障建设的重要探索。本文分析了流域一体化进程中旅游地发展研究面临的关键问题,结合现有研究基础阐释重点研究主题并构建研究框架。研究认为,流域内旅游地研究正在从点状分析走向网络和面域协同发展,旅游地发展在流域生态补偿、流域产业融合等方面产生的效应越来越明显;外部环境变迁、多要素交互作用下,中国流域一体化进程中的旅游地可持续发展面临的形势迫切,流域内旅游地的供需结构、均衡发展、协同治理均面临挑战;未来应重点关注旅游地时空演化特征、外部环境因素、演化更新机制、时空情境模拟、优化调控路径5个方面,为正确认识流域内旅游地要素交互作用的趋势规律、实现流域内旅游地可持续发展提供科学依据。     

生态文明视觉下的鄱阳湖湿地生态安全评价

鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖,承担着中国"绿肺"的功能,当前工农业生产所造成的污染以及人口压力造成流域水土资源生态安全恶化的局面,亟待全面、系统的对区域进行综合分析与评价。研究从压力、状态、响应三个层次构建了鄱阳湖湿地生态安全评价PSR模型,并对鄱阳湖湿地15个县(区)的生态安全进行了综合评价和协调度评价。评价结果表明:星子县(庐山市)处于流域湿地综合生态安全之首位,万年县、余干县次之。其余县(区)普遍存在环境、社会、经济压力,并形成累积传递效应,给当下湿地生态安全危机造成影响,严重威胁区域水土资源的可持续利用与鄱阳湖对长江流域的调蓄作用。     

旅游地生态补偿空间选择研究——以云南省玉龙县为例

生态补偿对象的空间选择是建立和完善生态补偿机制的核心问题,能够有助于提高生态补偿的效率与合理程度。以位于长江中上游生态脆弱区、旅游业发展迅速的玉龙县作为实证研究区,以社区居民为补偿对象,以不同乡镇为空间单元,以单位土地的机会成本、游憩功能价值以及生态服务功能为标准载体,构建了旅游地生态补偿空间选择模型,对研究区内各空间单元的补偿标准划分进行了研究。研究结果表明,依据人均补偿标准,可将其划分为优先补偿区、次级补偿区、中等补偿区、临界补偿区与潜在补偿区5个等级,如果将优先补偿区、次级补偿区与中等补偿区作为补偿的主要区域,补偿面积覆盖总补偿区面积的51.3%,补偿人口覆盖总人口的49.8%。根据该模型科学确定旅游地区域间生态补偿的空间分配标准,能够充分体现社区居民平等的生存权、环境权和发展权,通过补偿资金的再分配解决部分没有机会或能力直接参与旅游业的社区居民在分配中获益极少的问题,促进社区居民在旅游业发展与生态保护中的参与程度。     

成本视角的国家公园旅游生态补偿标准测度研究——以黄山国家公园创建区为例

旅游生态补偿标准的测度方法与模型构建是建立旅游生态补偿机制的难点。本文以黄山国家公园创建区为例,基于国家公园旅游生态产品和服务显性和隐性供给成本的视角,综合考虑管理者、经营者、守护者（社区居民）等旅游利益相关者的供给成本和利益诉求,以保障生态系统的完整性、周边社区生存发展权的公平性和行政管理的可行性为原则,划分核心区、毗邻区和辐射区三级旅游生态补偿空间范围,确立国家公园旅游生态补偿标准测度方法与模型,测算得出黄山国家公园旅游生态补偿标准的下限值为5.1亿元/年。研究以期为构建国家公园旅游生态补偿机制,协调国家公园保护与利用的人地关系矛盾,实现国家公园生态共建、利益共享和经济共赢的高质量发展路径提供理论指导。     

成本视角的国家公园旅游生态补偿标准测度研究——以黄山国家公园创建区为例

旅游生态补偿标准的测度方法与模型构建是建立旅游生态补偿机制的难点。本文以黄山国家公园创建区为例,基于国家公园旅游生态产品和服务显性和隐性供给成本的视角,综合考虑管理者、经营者、守护者（社区居民）等旅游利益相关者的供给成本和利益诉求,以保障生态系统的完整性、周边社区生存发展权的公平性和行政管理的可行性为原则,划分核心区、毗邻区和辐射区三级旅游生态补偿空间范围,确立国家公园旅游生态补偿标准测度方法与模型,测算得出黄山国家公园旅游生态补偿标准的下限值为5.1亿元/年。研究以期为构建国家公园旅游生态补偿机制,协调国家公园保护与利用的人地关系矛盾,实现国家公园生态共建、利益共享和经济共赢的高质量发展路径提供理论指导。     

旅游生态补偿:内涵探讨与科学问题

生态/环境在旅游中的重要性逐渐被认识到.一方面,生态/环境成为旅游地重要的吸引要素,成为旅游发展的重要生态资本;另一方面,旅游活动带来的生态/环境破坏,影响生态文明建设和整体生态服务价值的增值.因此,作为生态文明建设的重要途径之一的旅游生态补偿受到了重视.文章在生态旅游研究起源分析基础上,对旅游生态补偿的4个核心科学问题进行系统分析:①旅游生态补偿的涵义(什么是旅游生态补偿);②旅游生态补偿的利益主体(补给谁,谁出钱);③旅游生态补偿的标准(补多少);④旅游生态补偿的渠道与机制(通过什么样的方式,建立怎样的资金分配方式和政策体系).最后,文章展望旅游生态补偿的研究进行,认为需要关注3个重点问题:①从实践需求和研究现状看,目前首要解决的两个问题是判别旅游生态补偿的利益主体和建立旅游生态补偿标准的共识;②未来研究需要具体关注旅游生态补偿的区域和产权界定情景;③未来亦需关注国外生态补偿的经验借鉴.     

北票市天鹅湖生态清洁型小流域治理模式分析

随着工业化进程的加快,流域生态环境恶化日益严重,生态清洁型小流域治理模式作为典型水土保持生态建设和国家生态文明建设的新理念,成为生态环境治理的有效手段。北票市天鹅湖是生态清洁型小流域治理模式的试点,通过对天鹅湖污染源、水环境质量、水文地貌与水生态、水文水资源和水土流失与危害等方面进行分析,治理后可有效提高小天鹅湖流域经济的发展与生态环境协调性。     

Crime and punishment and sports development

This paper contributes to understandings of the use of sport as a medium in crime reduction programmes directed at young people. It does this through a case study of Easttown Summit1 The names of the location, programme and participants have all been changed to maintain client confidentiality , to show how and why this programme has had an impact on participants. The case study examines the relevance of a theoretical framework for understanding the mechanism of crime reduction though value directed personal development. However, this framework was developed from studies of programmes working with relatively high‐risk participants. Brantingham and Faust (1976) categorise this type of programme as ‘tertiary’. In contrast the Summit programme was secondary, working with lower risk participants. While clients of the Summit gained some benefits consistent with those likely to reduce offending, the research found that these benefits were largely an incidental by‐product of the achievement of broader sports development objectives. This may well be the case for similar secondary programmes, which have largely been developed in leisure departments, and has profound implications for programme evaluation.     

Foreign travel and tourism prices and demand

Sunday, Alexander A., “Foreign Travel and Tourism Prices and Demand,” Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. V, No. 2, April/June 1978, pp. 268–273. Using regression analysis and panel data this study estimates the parameter effect of prices on American demand for foreign travel and tourism. Findings suggest that higher air fares generate fewer tourists but greater expenditure per tourist visit.     

Hospitality and tourism student and alumni perspectives: promotion expectations,academic and experience adjustments,and career growth

Preparing qualified graduates for the tourism and hospitality industry who will stay and achieve promotional success is paramount. The objectives of this research project were to determine promotional advancement expectations and strategies to improve promotional opportunities. Two separate questionnaires, with both open and close-ended questions, were sent to upper classmen/women in hospitality and tourism programs and alumni of the same programs. In total, 717 (409 students and 308 alumni) completed the questionnaires. Chi-square tests were run to determine differences between student and alumni responses. To assist in analysis of open-ended responses, Atlas.ti was used. There was a statistically significant difference between students and alumni responses in regards to promotional expectations; students expected it to take a significantly longer time to receive a promotion to supervisor or manager than alumni. Overall, students and alumni indicated strategies such as more real-world-focused courses with hands-on experiences.     

Tourism and decolonisation: Locating research and self

This paper critically explores decolonial theory and its relevance for tourism studies. We suggest that while postcolonial and related critical theoretical perspectives furthered understandings of the consequences of colonisation, such critical theorising has not provided an epistemological perspective of tourism which legitimises the cosmologies of, and actively empowers, traditionally marginalised groupings. We review published tourism research which adopts critical and postcolonial perspectives, and argue that while these have been valuable in terms of exposing the existence and effects of dominant discourses and practices in tourism, their emancipatory objectives are limited because tourism knowledge is still predominantly colonial. Epistemological decolonisation is thus presented as a more radical project which can provide an ‘other’ way of thinking, being and knowing about tourism.     

Total Quality Management and Tourism and Hospitality Education

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the application of quality management concepts in relation to the provision of tourism and hospitality education, with a specific focus on Thailand. The key quality concepts, namely quality control, quality assurance, quality audit and “Total Quality Management” (TQM) are identified, and the applications of these concepts in the provision of tourism and hospitality education are discussed. The paper explores three main themes. The first is to examine how quality issues have been applied to tourism and hospitality education. Second, the paper outlines the concepts of quality management, which represent the key element of a TQM strategy to implement conformance to standards and quality improvement. The third theme discusses the specific case of Thailand, drawing on research in its early stages which examines quality management in tourism and hospitality education in Thailand. An outline of the nature of tourism and hospitality education in Thailand is provided, followed by a synopsis of the significant challenges facing Thai tourism and hospitality education. A procedure for examining quality in tourism and hospitality education in Thailand is proposed.     

Mega-events and their legacy: Image and tourism in Genoa,Turin and Milan

Hosting, or organising, a mega-event is a form of destination branding; it is a way to generate the leveraging process of the event itself and promote the image of a location. Besides, these events allow a destination to attract the attention of the public and the media, enhancing its awareness nationally and internationally. Mega-events promote greater flows of tourists and visitors, especially in the short term. Nevertheless they produce long-lasting effects, such as the attraction and stimulation of investments, urban regeneration, advanced facilities and equipment, in addition to the improvement of accommodation, services and infrastructures. Thanks to those investments and to the growth in tourist arrivals, the mega-events could have a positive impact on the local economy, also over years, but some of their most important outcomes deal with the so-called intangible legacy, or rather social, cultural and political effects, more difficult to identify and measure. They can modify local identity and image, supporting the repositioning of the hosting place at an international level. The above considerations are discussed in this study; most attention is paid to three Italian cities, involved in top events: Genoa, appointed as European Capital of Culture in 2004; Turin, that hosted the XX Olympic Winter Games in 2006; Milan, that is now organising the Universal Expo 2015.     

Supplier selection and partnerships: Effects upon restaurant operational and strategic benefits and performance

This study focused on identifying strategic criteria involved in selecting suppliers of restaurant products/services specific to casual dining, full service independent restaurants to obtain operational and strategic benefits for those managers operating in this highly competitive marketplace. A total of 765 responses were obtained from managers at independently owned restaurants throughout the U.S. Results revealed that ‘product’ and ‘financial/technical’ criteria had significant and positive effects upon operational benefits, while ‘product’ and ‘service’ had positive effects upon strategic benefits. When the sample was segmented into low and high supplier partnership groups, the positive effects of ‘financial/technical’ and ‘cost/price’ were significantly greater for the ‘high’ partnership group pertaining to operational benefits. ‘Product’ and ‘service’ and their effects upon strategic benefits were greatest for the high partnership group. Based on our findings, implications, limitations, and recommendations for future studies have been provided.     

河湖岸线分类体系及保护与利用对策研究

本文总结了分别考虑自然和社会功能的河湖岸线分类方法,分析了全国重点河湖岸线的开发利用现状及未来需求.基于河湖岸线的自然特征和社会功能双重属性,从可行性、可操作性和便于管理的角度提出适合于我国基本国情的河湖岸线分类标准,开出河湖岸线保护与利用的有效"药方".研究可为生态优先、绿色发展理念下的河湖岸线保护和高效利用及水域岸...