Industry Effects on the Determinants of Unquoted SMEs' Capital Structure

This paper reports a study of 3500 unquoted, UK small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The objectives of the research were to test various hypotheses concerning the determinants of SME capital structure and to establish whether and how the relationship of these determinants to long- and short-term debt varied between industries. Long-term debt was found to be related positively to asset structure and company size and negatively to age; short-term debt was related negatively to profitability, asset structure, size and age and positively to growth. Significant variation across industries was found in most of the explanatory variables. The effect of growth on short-term debt, however, was consistent across industries whilst profitability had no effect on long-term borrowing in any industry.     

Firm versus Sector Effects on Profitability and Growth: The Importance of Size and Interaction

In this study we contribute to the long‐standing debate on the impact of firm versus industry effects on firm performance in three distinct ways; firstly by testing the firm, industry and their interaction effects on performance, secondly by examining the impact of each effect for different size groups, and lastly by measuring performance in terms of sales growth in addition to profitability. We use data of 71,750 UK firms, between 2002 and 2004, and employ moderated regression analysis for three sub‐samples namely micro, SMEs and large firms. With regards to profitability, we find the interaction effect to be significant in all sub‐samples for broad level of industrial aggregation (SIC4). For narrow industrial aggregation (SIC2), the interaction effect is only significant for micro firms. Neither of the above effects is significant for sales growth.     

外资对我国互联网业市场影响的研究

互联网业作为提供信息、技术服务的高科技产业,一旦与资本结合将对社会形成强大的影响力。国内互联网业经过10多年的发展,已经形成一些对社会能够产生重大影响的企业。2000年以来,国内主要互联网企业基本都选择在海外上市,进而引起我们对国内互联网业被国际资本和海外资本控制情况的关注和研究。通过研究,本文得出互联网企业也具有与传统产业类似的两头在外的结构、外资基本上实质性控制了我国互联网业务的结论;据此,本文提出在对互联网业的法律规范和监管时,应深入到业务层面,并通过制度上的创新和金融业的完善为互联网业的发展培育有利的环境。     

风投介入、风投声誉与创业板公司的成长性

本文以2010年12月31日前在深交所创业板上市的153家公司为研究样本,重点考察风险投资介入与风险投资声誉对创业板公司成长性的影响。研究发现：（1）风投背景公司的短期成长性显著高于无风投背景公司,而两类公司的长期成长性无显著差异,表明风投的介入,主要促进了创业板公司的短期成长性;（2）风投参与度的高低,对创业板公司的短期成长性和长期成长性均不构成显著影响,提高风投的参与度,并不能提升创业板公司的成长性;（3）高声誉风投支持公司的短期成长性显著高于低声誉风投支持公司,而两类公司的长期成长性无显著差异,表明风投声誉只对创业板公司的短期成长性起到促进作用。本文的结果表明,我国风险投资片面重视创业板     

证券组合理论在高科技风险投资中的应用

高科技项目的高风险是众所周知的 ,如何降低或化解风险是风险项目投资者投资成功的关键问题。将证券投资组合理论运用到高科技风险投资中 ,通过对处于不同阶段的投资项目和关联度不大的投资项目的组合 ,有效的降低投资风险 ,保障投资收益。     

商业银行资本充足率的风险信息内容与质量

资本充足率所蕴含的合理风险信息内容包括:(1)在监管资本约束状态下,若商业银行采取了理性的行为反应,资本充足率将与违约概率负相关或至少不相关;(2)在信贷资产快速投放并消耗大量资本基础的情形下,唯有当监管资本的增补速度大于风险加权资产的增速时,资本充足率与违约概率才有其理论上的正相关可能;(3)资本充足率应与银行违约风险负相关。基于此判定标准与推理逻辑,我们以银监会推行巴塞尔II中国化的2004年为起点,以此后上市的主要商业银行为对象,从多维度研究了其资本充足率的风险信息内容及其信息质量的演变规律。研究表明:(1)主要商业银行在2008年之前的资本充足水平与其违约风险指标倾向于负相关,而在2008年之后更倾向于正相关,这隐含说明资本充足率的风险信息质量降低了;(2)城市商业银行资本充足率的风险信息质量似乎弱于主要商业银行。     

事业单位国有资产管理的制度设计、治理机制及其他

对事业单位国有资产管理进行改革已越来越迫切.作为规范性的事业单位的主体社会公益型组织,评价其资产管理工作的好坏不是以它们所创造的货币收益多少为指标,而必须研究设计出一整套多元的科学指标体系;应在医院、学校等事业单位建立理事会或董事会治理结构;重建成本核算的财务会计制度.     

价格规制与企业资本结构的选择——来自我国上市公司的经验证据

受规制企业的资本结构与政府价格规制密切相关。本文建立了一个两阶段动态博弈模型并提出了相关的理论假设,以检验受规制企业资本结构决策与政府价格规制强度之间的关系。理论分析表明,资本结构选择作为企业的战略工具,能提高企业的谈判地位,迫使规制机构提高产品价格。因而企业面临的价格规制越严厉,越有动力提高负债水平。本文利用沪、深两地的受规制上市公司为样本进行的实证研究有效地支持了本文上述的假设。     

股权分置改革的若干理论问题--兼论全流通条件下中国资本市场的若干新变化

股权分置改革和改革完成后的中国资本市场所能发生的变化,是当前人们十分关注的问题.本文在简要分析股权分置制度缺陷的基础上,全面探讨了股权分置改革中遇到的一些重要理论问题和法律问题,深入研究了股权分置改革完成后中国资本市场在功能、规则、行为、理念和监管等领域可能发生的重大变化.     

上市公司高管人员自利对资本结构影响的实证分析

本文对中国上市公司持股高管人员出于自利而影响资本结构调节的状况进行了考察.研究表明,上市公司高管人员出于自利具有调节公司负债水平的动机;法人股的存在对高管人员出于自利调节资本结构的能力具有制约作用,但在高管人员拥有公司所有权程度较高时作用有限;法人股还具有一定的促使高管人员的自身利益和其他股东的利益趋于一致的作用,而国有股的这些作用则不明显.     

Determinants of New Firm Formation in Taiwan

The main objective of this paper is to explore the factors influencing new firm formation in Taiwan. The paper makes use of both cross-sectional and time-series data for the period 1986–2001, using the fixed effect model to try to determine the factors affecting new firm formation. The impacts of industry health, production costs, capital cost, number of employed persons, the unemployment rate, and the economic growth rate are found to be more or less as anticipated. However, only production costs, capital cost, and the unemployment rate are significant with confidence levels of 95% and 90%, respectively. The results also suggest that Taiwan currently is located at the unemployment borderline proposed by Hamilton, and thus a recession-push is already operating, while a prosperity-pull is starting to make itself felt.     

金融部门人力资本配置与实体企业金融资产投资

在实体经济“冷”与虚拟经济“热”的大背景下,中国实体企业投资于金融资产的比例快速提升,经济金融化格局正在加速形成。本文试图从金融部门的人力资本配置视角对实体企业金融资产配置的形成逻辑进行诠释。本文以人均受教育年限来衡量金融部门的人力资本配置,采用2008年经济普查微观数据库的数据构造地级市层面的度量指标,并匹配至2009—2018年非金融类上市公司进行实证检验。计量结果显示,金融部门的人力资本水平越高,实体企业金融资产配置越多,且该效应在信息不对称企业中尤为显著。进一步的机制检验发现,在金融部门人力资本提高的条件下,实体企业债务期限显著缩短,具体表现为短期负债增加而长期负债减少。本文研究结论表明,人力资本偏向金融部门增强了其在信贷合约中的市场势力,信贷供给短期化是实体企业金融化的重要原因之一。     

Determinants of the round-to-round returns to pre-IPO venture capital investments in U.S. biotechnology companies

I propose that pre-IPO venture-backed biotech companies offer a useful new setting through which to evaluate the relative merits of theories for why firm size and book-to-market explain variation in stock returns. This is because pre-IPO biotech firms have large and rapidly evolving growth options relative to assets-in-place. Such attributes align closely with the key features of the model by Berk et al. [Berk, J.B., Green, R.C., Naik, V., 1999. Optimal investment, growth options, and security returns. Journal of Finance 54 (5), 1553–1607] of the endogenous relations between growth options, optimal investment actions and expected equity returns, where firm size and book-to-market emerge as sufficient statistics for the aggregate risk of a firm's assets-in-place. Using venture capital investments in pre-IPO U.S. biotech companies during 1992–2001, I find that equity returns between financing rounds (‘round-to-round’ returns) are reliably negatively related to firm size and positively related to book-to-market ratios. I interpret these results as being most consistent with the theory of Berk et al., and less consistent with alternative explanations such as financial distress, behaviorally biased investors or data snooping.     

社会资本、异质性风险偏好影响农户信贷与保险互联选择研究

本文研究农户选择信贷与保险互联的影响因素,采用江苏、湖北两省的农户调研数据,基于有序Probit模型进行实证检验,结果表明:一是影响因素中,风险偏好、财务自由度、地区变量呈正向作用,农户信息变量、教育程度、社会资本变量起负向作用,激励农户主动参与信贷与保险互联的关键在于培养其"企业家精神",提高其风险识别能力;二是信贷与保险互联存在着自我稳定机制,即农户财务自由度与获取信息能力达到一定程度,农户会自动脱离互联机制,从而有效降低了逆向选择风险。以上结论可为深化农业信贷与保险互联提供理论依据与政策建议。     

人力资本匹配如何影响企业加成率:理论机制与经验证据

本文在拓展M-O模型的基础上,构建“人力资本-产业结构”匹配程度和匹配质量对企业加成率影响效应的理论框架,并利用中国城市统计数据和微观企业数据进行了经验研究。主要结论如下:城市人力资本发展滞后于产业结构调整,呈现“人力资本-产业结构”低质量耦合锁定趋势;“人力资本-产业结构”系统耦合度与企业加成率之间存在显著的“倒U型”关系,而系统协调度与企业加成率之间存在显著的“U型”关系。中间机制检验结果表明,耦合度产生的加成率效应主要通过“工资渠道”,而协调度会影响企业的“创新行为”。随着城市人力资本匹配质量提高,促进企业人力资本和研发创新协调投入会显著提升企业加成率。进一步分析发现,人力资本匹配与行业技能密集度相协调、与行业技术水平相匹配、与比较优势动态升级相结合、与企业自主升级行为区间互补,能让企业破除人力资本低质量耦合锁定而提高加成率。本文的结论对发挥人力资本质量外溢和技术进步效应推动制造业高质量发展具有重要现实意义。     

The Determinants of Latent Entrepreneurship in Japan

This paper examines regional characteristics affecting the latent entrepreneurship in Japan, focusing on regional macroeconomic indicators, existing density of establishments and human capital, and business start-up assistance programs by local governments. We define two types of people having the latent entrepreneurship as follows (1) persons merely wishing to be a self-employed worker, and (2) persons preparing to be a self-employed worker out of the former definition. Total cash earnings and the unemployment rate, which are the macro economic indicators, had positive effects on latent entrepreneurship in Japan. Judging from the significance of their estimations, the latent entrepreneurship is explained by the “Push hypothesis”. If we examine the problem more closely, it is necessary for us to identify government assistance programs which make the latent entrepreneurs more self-employment.     

Firm growth in industrial clusters of the United Kingdom

This article examines how firm growth is influenced by the strength of the industrial cluster in which the firm is located. It presents econometric estimates of firm growth for 56 two-digit industries in the UK. In about half of these industries, there is a positive and statistically significant association between firm growth and own-sector employment. Significant associations between firm growth and other-sector employment are less common, but where these arise they are generally negative. We find that a weak rule of thumb applies in most industries: own-sector effects are positive or insignificant, while other-sector effects are negative or insignificant. Cluster effects are strongest in manufacturing, manufacturing-related, and infrastructure, but weaker in services.

Sources of variation in firm profitability and growth

This article reports an analysis of the sources of variation in profitability and growth for manufacturing firms located in eleven European countries. A variance decomposition analysis determines the importance of the country, industry, corporate group and firm effects on profitability and growth. The analysis reveals evidence of differences between industries in the comparative advantage offered by different countries, reflecting a tendency for specialization and geographic concentration. However, as in several previous studies, the firm-level effects are the most important class of effect in explaining the variation in performance.     

资本永续盘存法及其国内应用

资本存量数据是宏观经济运行政策研究的重要决定因素。资本存量核算比较复杂，在理论与技术两个层面都存在诸多问题难以厘清。我国资本统计十分薄弱，数据可得性成为资本存量估算的严重制约。在我国经济增长研究中，如何准确估算资本存量一直是困扰研究者的难题。学术界需要使用这方面数据，又促使很多学者基于各自的研究目的对我国资本存量进行估算。这些研究分别利用不同的假设和处理方法，这使我国资本存量数据出现了差异很大的众多版本。本文在对资本存量估算方法进行梳理之后，对我国资本估算现有研究进行了回顾和评论。     

国际贸易中资本迁移的复杂性经济学分析

国际贸易中的资本迁移在市场稳定和供求均衡的线性叠加结构中运行,由于突变和分叉现象的凸起显示出在迁移过程中的不稳定性,系统结构不断发生变化,许多相互作用的个体在不稳定状况下不断进行调整,资本迁移在不断调整中是远离平衡态的,它在这一过程中的多样性、差异性是一个复杂的、主动的动态行为,伴随涨落而涨落,呈现出不可逆性的非线性世界。