Slack in incomplete markets with nominal assets: A symmetric proof

In this paper, we provide an equilibrium analysis in the framework of incomplete markets where some agents’ preferences are possibly satiated at some state of the nature. We will consider nominal assets with exogenously fixed asset prices. We extend the notion of equilibrium with slack – introduced by Drèze and Müller [Drèze, J., Müller, H., 1980. Optimality properties of rationing schemes. Journal of Economic Theory 23, 150–159] in a fixed price setting – to the GEI framework.     

Nonparametric density estimation for symmetric distributions by contaminated data

A semiparametric two-component mixture model is considered, in which the distribution of one (primary) component is unknown and assumed symmetric. The distribution of the other component (admixture) is known. We consider three estimates for the pdf of primary component: a naive one, a symmetrized naive estimate and a symmetrized estimate with adaptive weights. Asymptotic behavior and small sample performance of the estimates are investigated. Some rules of thumb for bandwidth selection are discussed.     

Path analysis with partial association measures

This paper discusses the use of partial association measures for carrying out path analyses on categorical data. The measures considered are essentially PRE (proportion of reduction in error of prediction) measures for nominal variables and concordance-discordance indices for ordinal ones. These measures provide a natural way to evaluate the strength of the path linking a non-measurable response variable to one of several categorical explanatory factors. Concerning the decomposition of raw association into direct and indirect effects, it is shown, however, that they do not share the properties of conventional path coefficients for measurable variables. Especially purely nominal association measures need to be interpreted with care. The scope of the partial measures for path analysis is illustrated through a study of the relationships between the educational styles experienced by swiss adolescents and their selfesteem.     

Criteria for Justice

A bstract . Six different but common criteria for describing the meaning of distributive justice are examined. The six are (1) to each the same thing; (2) to each according to his or her merit or achievement; (3) to each according to his or her work or contribution; (4) to each according to his or her need or requirements; (5) to each according to his or her status or position; and (6) to each according to his or her contract or agreements. An attempt is made to show how these six can be viewed compatibly and how all support the right of equal access to land and the duty to pay to the community which created it the full economic rent on the site .     

Least squares fitting of an affine function and strength of association for interval-valued data

The ultimate goal of this paper is to determine a measure of the degree of dependence between two interval-valued random sets, when the dependence is intended in the sense of an affine function relating these random elements. For this purpose, a general study on the least squares fitting of an affine function for interval-valued data is first carried out, where the least squares method we will present considers that squared residuals are based on a generalized metric on the space of nonempty compact intervals, and output and input random mechanisms are modelled by means of convex compact random sets. For the general case of nondegenerate convex compact random sets, solutions are presented in an algorithmic way, and the few cases leading to nonunique solutions are characterized. On the basis of this regression study we later introduce and analyze a well-defined determination coefficient of two interval-valued random sets, which will allow us to quantify the strength of association between them, and an algorithm for the computation of the coefficient has been also designed. Finally, a real-life example illustrates the study developed in the paper.  The research in this paper has been partially supported by DGESIC Grants DGE-99-PB98-1534 and DGE-98-PB97-1282 of the Spanish MEC. Their financial support is gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgements. The authors are deeply grateful to Professor Wolfgang N?ther from the University of Freiberg and their colleagues Professors Norberto Corral, Miguel López-Dı′az and Ignacio MartVnez for their valuable comments and suggestions in connection with this paper. The real-life data which illustrate the study in this paper have been supplied by Aurora Fonseca, Head of the Servicio de Nefrologı′a, and Miguel de Zárraga, General Medical Manager, from the Hospital Valle del Nalón de Langreo in Asturias; we want to thank them sincerely for their collaboration and support.     

品牌形象代言人的选择标准

通过代言人传播信息是现代传播的重要特点.现在,形象代言人在许多传播领域被广泛使用,如国家旅游业的形象代言人、企业形象代言人、事业单位形象代言人、行业形象代言人、某项活动形象代言人、产品形象代言人等等.但是,怎样寻找到适合自己企业的品牌形象代言人,却不是一个简单地找"名人"的问题.     

Efficiency aggregation with enhanced Russell measures in data envelopment analysis

In aggregation for data envelopment analysis (DEA), a jointly determined aggregate measure of output and input efficiency is desired that is consistent with the individual decision making unit measures. An impasse has been reached in the current state of the literature, however, where only separate measures of input and output efficiency have resulted from attempts to aggregate technical efficiency with the radial measure models commonly employed in DEA. The latter measures are “incomplete” in that they omit the non-zero input and output slacks, and thus fail to account for all inefficiencies that the model can identify. The Russell measure eliminates the latter deficiency but is difficult to solve in standard formulations. A new approach has become available, however, which utilizes a ratio measure in place of the standard formulations. Referred to as an enhanced Russell graph measure (ERM), the resulting model is in the form of a fractional program. Hence, it can be transformed into an ordinary linear programming structure that can generate an optimal solution for the corresponding ERM model. As shown in this paper, an aggregate ERM can then be formed with all the properties considered to be desirable in an aggregate measure—including jointly determined input and output efficiency measures that represent separate estimates of input and output efficiency. Much of this paper is concerned with technical efficiency in both individual and system-wide efficiency measures. Weighting systems are introduced that extend to efficiency-based measures of cost, revenue, and profit, as well as derivatives such as rates of return over cost. The penultimate section shows how the solution to one model also generates optimal solutions to models with other objectives that include rates of return over cost and total profit. This is accomplished in the form of efficiency-adjusted versions of these commonly used measures of performance.     

Technical efficiency measures for dairy farms using panel data: A comparison of alternative model specifications

This article examines the impact of fixed effects production functions vis-à-vis stochastic production frontiers on technical efficiency measures. An unbalanced panel consisting of 96 Vermont dairy farmers for the 1971–1984 period was used in the analysis. The models examined incorporated both time-variant and time-invariant technical efficiency. The major source of variation in efficiency levels across models stemmed from the assumption made concerning the distribution of the one-sided term in the stochastic frontiers. In general, the fixed effects technique was found superior to the stochastic production frontier methodology. Despite the fact that the results of various statistical tests revealed the superiority of some specifications over others, the overall conclusion of the study is that the efficiency analysis was fairly consistent throughout all the models considered.     

《卓越绩效评价准则》标准的理论视角

本文对《卓越绩效评价准则》国家标准进行了理论层面的探索,指出:标准运作是基于综合质量概念的经营系统,标准的框架结构是源于管理模式理论,标准的实施依据是战略导向下的绩效评价理论,进一步指出标杆评价理论在绩效评价方法中突出作用,以期对企业理解和实施标准提供借鉴和参考.     

The effects of sampling on measures of association between variables based on sample means

Many studies that involve people's perceptions or behaviors focus on aggregate rather than individual responses. For example, variables describing public perceptions for some set of events may be represented as mean scores for each event. Event mean scores then become the unit of analysis for each variable. The variance of these mean scores for a variable is not only a function of the variation among the events themselves, but is also due to the variation among respondents and their possible responses. This is also the case for the covariances between variables based on event mean scores. In many contexts the variance and covariance components attributable to the sampling of respondents and their responses may be large; these components can be described as measurement error. In this paper we show how to estimate variances and covariances of aggregate variables that are free of these sources of measurement error. We also present a measure of reliability for the event means and examine the effect of the number of respondents on these spurious components. To illustrate how these estimates are computed, forty-two respondents were asked to rate forty events on seven risk perception variables. Computing the variances and covariances for these variables based on event means resulted in relatively large components attributable to measurement error. A demonstration is given of how this error is removed and the resulting effect on our estimates.     

浅谈工地规范质检资料的管理措施

质检资料是反映工程质量的文字依据,是正常开展计量工作的保证,因此及时、真实、完整、准确和系统的质检资料是质检部门工作中的重点,为保证工作的顺利进行,一系列完善的规范质检资料的管理措施也就成了我们的探索方向.     

Sexual Harassments: Criteria for difining hostile enviorment

Sexual harassment in the workplace continues to be one of the most controversial and complex legal and ethical issues facing empolyers. The U.S. Supreme Court's June 1986 decisiion inMeitor Savings Bank v. Vinson, which applied Title VII of the Civil Reights Act to situations involving sexual harassment, is discussed. The Court's definition of hostile environment is reviwed, and federal court cases interpreting the Supreme Court's pronousncements are examined. The cases provide guidance on the kinds of situations that result in employer liability for sexual harassment. A primanry conclusion is that employers may easily avoid liability by exercising learned judgment and sound management practices.     

政府采购的可持续供应商评价准则研究

与供应商建立战略合作关系、提高可持续发展能力是加强政府采购绩效和稳定性的有效手段,应当建立客观、科学的供应商评价和监管机制。结合失效模式、后果分析模型与区间二元语义混合加权距离测度对可持续供应商的评价准则进行风险分析和排序,为评价政府采购的供应商可持续能力提供判断依据。同时指出,政府采购流程中应当动态管理专家库和供应商信息库,制定合适的专家筛选条件,严格把控供应商资格审查,并利用科学方法确定评价准则内容和供应商选择对象。     

《卓越绩效评价准则》之“过程管理”的变化与实施

本文简要介绍了新版GB/T 19580《卓越绩效评价准则》之过程管理条款的主要变化,分析了这些变化的主要依据,详细探讨了关键过程识别、过程要求的确定、过程设计、过程实施和改进等评价要求,以帮助读者深入理解过程管理的条款要求.     

2007年美国卓越绩效准则的新变化及解读

美国波多里奇卓越绩效准则的变化反映了质量概念的演进和质量管理的发展。本文介绍了2007年波多里奇卓越绩效准则的新变化，并认为准则的变化突出了影响组织卓越绩效的四个最关键因素：“战略优势和核心能力”、“创新”、“工作系统”及“劳动力”，准则的变化是为了应对经济全球化和信息化的发展趋势，为了适应卓越绩效模式向非盈利组织的推进，反映了组织经营管理最有效的前沿实践。     

The expected real yield and inflation components of the nominal yield curve

The term structure of real yields and expected inflation are two unobserved components of the nominal yield curve. The primary objectives of this study are to decompose nominal yields into their expected real yield and inflation components and to examine their behaviour using state-space and regime-switching frameworks. The dynamic yield-curve models capture three well-known latent factors – level, slope, and curvature – that accurately aggregate the information for the nominal yields and the expected real and inflation components for all maturities. The nominal yield curve is found to increase slightly with a slope of about 120 basis points, while the real yield curve slopes upward by about 20 basis points, and the expected inflation curve is virtually flat at slightly above 2 per cent. The regime-switching estimations reveal that the nominal yield, real yield and expected inflation curves have shifted down significantly since 1999.     

昆明中小型制造业物流服务供应商选择标准研究

在对昆明中小型制造业物流服务现状进行调研的基础上,分析了制造业物流服务存在的问题,运用层次分析法对物流服务供应商的选择进行分析研究,并提出具体建议措施。