用模糊数学方法对产品开发方案进行综合评价

产品开发方案的好坏不仅影响企业的未来收益,而且还可能影响企业的竞争力,因而要慎重对待。用模糊数学方法建立计算模型,通过模糊综合评价,选择产品开发的优选方案。     

价值分析视角下协同产品开发中的知识配置研究

协同产品开发可视为一种多领域的知识汇聚和知识配置过程,产品结构及功能在一定程度上决定了产品的知识配置。综合应用价值工程方法探讨企业产品开发中的知识配置决策问题,在对产品功能特征进行功能-价值评价之后,根据产品功能-知识映射关系,进行产品知识-价值定量分析,建立了相应的知识配置决策模型,并作出经济的知识选择。     

中国城镇基本养老保险的改革效应研究——基于个人账户规模的分析

本文应用经典的迭代模型和新古典经济增长模型分析了在由现收现付制向个人账户与社会统筹账户相结合的混合模式转变过程中,考虑隐性负债的条件下,个人账户规模对于制度转轨的影响。并结合目前中国改革动向,进行了简要的政策评价。分析表明,经济动态无效时,个人账户规模对于各代财富,收入再分配和经济增长具有负效应,并且这种在各代产生的负效应是单调的,从而导致转轨过程最终仍向现收现付制回归。如能妥善处理巨大的隐性负债,建立有效的激励约束机制,中国目前的改革能够实现预期目标。     

用模糊数学方法对产品开发方案进行综合评价

产品开发方案的好坏不仅影响企业的未来收益，而且还可能影响企业的竞争力，因而要慎重对待。用模糊数学方法建立计算模型，通过模糊综合评价，选择产品开发的优选方案。     

新旧产品的平行进口对生产厂商产品开发行为的不同影响

本文建立了一个平行进口模型,其中一个生产厂商已经拥有一种产品,并考虑开发另一种新产品,通过比较新旧产品的平行进口对厂商产品开发的不同影响,我们发现,对创新产品的平行进口预期或者为遏制创新产品的平行进口所作的可能的努力,更加打击生产厂商从事产品开发的积极性。     

企业协同产品开发过程中的知识整合模型研究

探讨了企业协同产品开发过程中的知识整合模式及方法,针对协同产品开发过程所涉及的动态性、分布性和多源异构性知识资源整合管理问题,分析了企业协同产品开发过程中的知识要素构成以及知识整合的主要模式,构建了基于广义QFD（质量功能展开）的企业协同产品开发过程中的知识整合模型。     

国外创业型企业产品开发战略研究述评

产品开发战略是创业型企业核心战略,对于创业型企业的生存和发展,起着举足轻重的作用。创业型企业产品开发战略在国外的研究主要集中在产品开发战略的制定、实施和评估3个维度。通过对国外创业型企业产品开发战略3个维度研究的回顾,阐述了以往研究的局限和今后的研究方向。     

设计导向、产品开发与长期利益——以数字产品团队为例

设计导向包括用户共情、协同发散、迭代、多重表征四个维度。本文在资源基础观的基础上构建理论框架,认为设计导向可以帮助新产品开发团队通过减少常规和认知惯性来开发更多的创新产品,并对此进行了验证分析。本文以数字化产品及其团队为研究对象,通过采集调查问卷数据,实证探究了设计导向、产品开发(实用性和新颖性)与长期利益的关系,以及任务复杂度在其中的调节作用。研究结果表明：无论新产品开发团队是面对简单任务还是复杂任务,设计导向都与产品实用性呈正相关；但只有在面对简单任务时,设计导向才与产品新颖性呈正相关；产品开发在设计导向和产品长期利益之间起部分中介作用,这主要是由产品实用性带来的。本文为新产品开发团队有效运用设计导向原则,开发更多具有长期利益的产品提供了理论借鉴。     

引入劳动供给可调整因素的养老保险模型

本文建立了一个包含人口老龄化和劳动供给因素的两期迭代养老保险模型,综合分析了个体和政府的最优选择行为.     

基于生命周期视角的绿色产品开发过程研究

在阐述绿色产品开发特征及其驱动力的基础上,提出基于生命周期视角的绿色产品开发过程目标与模式,总结了开发过程中的生命周期评估与设计的方法,并对传统产品开发与绿色产品开发进行了比较,最后利用实际案例阐述了上述理念。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.