包容型领导如何影响员工挑战型组织公民行为？基于信任的多重中介效应模型研究

基于资源保存理论,文章采用配对追踪多来源问卷调查法探讨了员工认知信任、情感信任及其互动在包容型领导与挑战型组织公民行为关系中的中介作用及其效应。跨层次模型数据分析结果表明：包容型领导可以有效预测员工的挑战型组织公民行为;包容型领导可以直接通过情感信任间接影响员工的挑战型组织公民行为,情感信任在这个过程中起着完全中介作用;包容型领导行为还可以通过认知信任和情感信任间接影响员工的挑战型组织公民行为,即员工的认知信任要通过情感信任才能发挥影响员工挑战型组织公民行为的间接作用。     

管理者可信行为、组织控制对管理者信任的跨层次效应

基于主动信任发展视角,通过对1349位员工的调查,探讨管理者可信行为和组织控制对于管理者信任的跨层次影响机理。研究结果表明:正直行为、管理胜任行为、公正行为和控制权分享正向影响管理者认知信任;指导行为、公正行为和控制权分享正向影响管理者情感信任。其中,公正行为对管理者认知信任的影响最大,指导行为对管理者情感信任的影响最大。制度控制和组织氛围对管理者信任均具有显著正向影响。并且,制度控制对控制权分享与管理者认知信任关系有正向调节作用,对公正行为与管理者情感信任关系有负向调节作用;此外,组织氛围对正直行为、管理胜任行为与管理者认知信任关系及公正行为与管理者情感信任关系有负向调节作用。     

信任对不同知识共享行为影响研究

在回顾人际信任与知识共享作用关系的基础上,分析了情感信任和认知信任这两种人际信任对知识获取和知识贡献两种知识共享行为的不同影响,并提出了人际信任与知识共享行为关系模型。研究认为,知识贡献和知识获取受不同的信任因素影响。相比于情感信任,认知信任对知识获取的正向影响更显著;相比于认知信任,情感信任对知识获取的正向影响更显著。     

基于流程分析的组织信任构建方案

组织信任指员工对雇主持有的信心和支持的情感，是组织运行和发展必不可少的道德基础。它通过管理者与员工的心理互动，经由认知、情感和理性三个阶段而趋于完善。本文从分析组织信任的演进过程入手，针对认知信任、情感信任和理性信任各阶段中员工的心理期望，提出了构建组织信任的系统方案，并通过BC公司的实践。论证了该方案的社会价值。     

员工情感状态与工作满意度对工作绩效的影响:领导-部属交换的调节作用

本文运用多层线性回归分析方法,探讨了员工个体内层面因素(积极情感、消极情感和工作满意度)对员工工作绩效(任务绩效、情境绩效和反生产绩效)的影响,并检验了个体间层面因素(领导-部属交换)对这些影响的跨层调节作用。研究结果表明:员工的积极情感与其任务绩效和情境绩效正相关;员工的消极情感与其反生产绩效正相关;与领导-部属交换水平高的员工相比,低水平领导-部属交换的员工,积极情感与情境绩效的正相关关系更强。     

消费者在线评论口碑影响力的影响冈素分析

本文基于问卷调查数据,从信任的角度并加入网站媒介的因素建立结构方程模型,分析了在线评论的口碑影响力的主要影响因素。研究结果表明,评论者专业性、网站可信度、消费者与网站的关系、消费者网络涉入程度直接影响在线评论口碑影响力;消费者与评论者的在线联结强度和消费者的专业性对在线评论口碑影响力的直接影响不显著,但可通过情感信任和认知信任对在线评论口碑影响力产生影响;信任在评论者专业性、网站可信度、消费者与网站的关系对在线评论口碑影响力的影响中完全中介效应显著,在消费者网络涉入程度对在线评论口碑影响力的影响中中介效应显著。     

基于解释水平调节作用的自我形象一致研究

通过构建自我形象一致、品牌信任、解释水平和品牌忠诚的模型,本文发现自我形象一致对品牌忠诚的直接影响不显著,但是会通过情感信任和认知信任间接地影响品牌忠诚;解释水平会调节自我形象一致对品牌信任的影响,高解释水平者自我形象一致对情感信任和认知信任的影响要强于低解释水平者的影响。因此,自我形象一致能够积极影响品牌忠诚。     

不合规任务对员工工作绩效的影响研究:一个被调节的双中介模型北大核心

基于认知—情感个性系统理论和资源保存理论构建了一个被调节的双中介模型,探讨了不合规任务对员工工作绩效的影响机制。通过对建筑行业239份领导与员工配对数据的分析发现:(1)不合规任务对员工工作绩效具有显著的负向影响;(2)工作目标进展和情绪耗竭在不合规任务与员工工作绩效间起中介作用;(3)时间管理技能不仅弱化了不合规任务与工作目标进展的负向关系,还削弱了不合规任务与情绪耗竭的正向关系;(4)时间管理技能负向调节了工作目标进展在不合规任务与员工工作绩效间的中介作用,对情绪耗竭在不合规任务与员工工作绩效间中介作用的负向调节效应不显著。本研究的结论为企业进行员工压力和任务管理,提高工作绩效提供实践指导。     

变革型领导对企业员工组织信任影响的实证研究

文章以湖南省十家大中型企业251名员工为研究对象,构建了一个包括变革型领导、组织公平、组织政治知觉和组织信任在内的概念模型,运用结构方程建模方法,探讨变革型领导对员工组织信任的影响机制。研究结果表明,变革型领导不仅对员工组织信任具有直接显著的正面影响,而且还通过组织公平、组织政治知觉对员工组织信任产生间接的显著影响,组织公平和组织政治知觉是变革型领导影响企业员工组织信任的中介变量。文章的研究结论对我国企业的人力资源管理具有直接的现实意义。     

支持型领导感知对员工绩效的影响路径研究

领导者在管理活动中发挥关键作用,其领导行为会极大地影响员工的工作态度、工作行为和工作绩效,进而影响组织的运作效率。通过以三家医院的医生和护士为样本的调研数据为基础,以支持型领导、知识共享、情感耗竭和工作绩效四部分建立概念模型研究了知识共享和情感耗竭对支持型领导对员工工作绩效的中介效应。结果表明:支持型领导对员工的工作绩效产生正向影响且知识共享和情感耗竭在支持型领导与员工工作绩效间一正一负均起到部分中介作用;领导应为员工提供支持营造良好的组织气氛来提高员工对组织的归属感,增加知识共享,降低员工的工作挫败感和压力从而提高员工的工作绩效。     

The Voice Link: A Moderated Mediation Model of How Ethical Leadership Affects Individual Task Performance

This study empirically examines the proposition that ethical leadership may affect individuals’ task performance through enhancing employees’ promotive voice. Our theoretical model was tested using data collected from employees and supervisors in a high-tech company located in South China. Analyses of multisource three-wave data from 37 team supervisors and 176 employees showed that ethical leadership could significantly affect individuals’ task performance through promotive voice. Further, it was found that the relationship between ethical leadership and promotive voice was moderated by leader–leader exchange. Specifically, ethical leadership may significantly enhance employees’ promotive voice when leader–leader exchange is low. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

组织信任氛围对任务绩效的作用途径

This paper explores the mechanism by which trust climate influences individual performance. From the perspective of psychological dynamics, we investigate the relationship among perceptions of organizational climate, motivation and individual behaviors to crystallize how a trustworthy organizational environment favors superior individual performance. 203 employees and their supervisors participated in this study, the results show that trust climate benefits individual performance through fostering psychological safety, which in turn influences individual performance via two mutually complementary pathways, namely ability to focus and organizational learning. Psychological safety is conducive to increasing individual ability to focus and improving job performance. Moreover, it is also instrumental in enhancing individual willingness to learn and experiment with new methods as an effort to achieve superior performance. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. __________ Translated and revised from Xinli kexue xuebao 心理科学学报 (Acta Psychologica Sinica), 2007, 39(6): 1111–1121     

The Role of Buyer Trust in Outsourced CRM: Its Influence on Organizational Learning and Performance

Purpose: Company outsourcing of customer relationship management (CRM) functions is increasing (Kalaignanam and Varadarajan 2012). Although outsourcing CRM may provide financial benefits, the tasks of developing and utilizing the complex, cross-functional processes needed to gain enhanced customer knowledge from CRM may be more difficult when some or all CRM activities are outsourced. Trust in the information provided by the outsourced CRM supplier is vital. In this study, the authors examine the influence of buyer trust in its outsourced CRM supplier on cross-functional learning processes and firm performance within the buyer firm.

Methodology: Data were collected from a survey of marketing managers in 221 firms. LISREL 9.2 was used to assess convergent, discriminant, and nomologic validity using the two-step approach (Anderson and Gerbing 1988). Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated in the measurement model phase, whereas the structural model provided an appraisal of nomologic validity.

Findings: The results provide evidence of buyer firm trust in the outsourced CRM supplier playing a critical role in the buyer firm’s success with information sharing, and both trust and information sharing strongly influencing information interpretation and information access in the buyer firm. All three organizational learning processes positively influence buyer firm customer satisfaction/retention and market performance.

Research implications: An important area for future research is the possibility of varying levels of trust needed for success with outsourced CRM depending on the buyer firm’s goals for its CRM system. It is possible that the simpler CRM functions could be outsourced effectively through efficiency strategies that do not require significant levels of trust, whereas the more complex CRM activities that affect organizational learning require more stringent coordination and inter-organizational development. Varadarajan’s (2009) cost versus quality classifications of outsourcing could be a useful starting point for this type of analysis. Considering the finding in this study that information sharing is critical for information interpretation and information access in the buyer firm, another area for future research is possible differences in the extent of information sharing required by firms that are outsourcing CRM versus those that conduct the CRM function in-house. One starting point could be possible differences in relevance among Maltz and Kohli’s (1996) factors affecting information dissemination.

Practical implications: For effective use of CRM data, it is important for buyer firms to develop trust in their outsourced CRM supplier. Managers can assist in this by communicating qualifications of the outsourced CRM supplier, such as any trade-specific certifications, awards, information about the supplier’s number of years in business, and examples of other companies the supplier has assisted. Managers can also help employees develop confidence in the supplier’s integrity by sharing the supplier’s code of ethics and serving as a champion for the supplier. In addition, firms engaged in outsourced CRM are encouraged to develop reward systems that motivate employees to build relationships with their counterparts in the supplier firm, and it would be useful for the buyer firm to help its employees understand the importance of the CRM outsourcing relationship to the buyer firm’s success. Finally, it is important for management to provide opportunities for interaction between the outsourcing partner and key buyer firm employees who will use the CRM data, to encourage effective processes in information sharing, information interpretation, and information access.

Contribution of the article: This article addresses the significance of outsourcing the CRM function and provides evidence that buyer trust in its CRM supplier is a critical factor in its utilization of CRM data for organizational learning and firm performance. It also demonstrates that effective sharing of information, cross-functional integration of customer data, and CRM information accessibility are critical for firm success.     

信任与战略决策绩效:对中国家族企业高层管理团队的一个实证研究

大量文献讨论了我国私营企业中的“信任”问题;许多轶闻式的证据也表明,私营企业高层管理团队成员的彼此信任程度极大地影响了其绩效和成长。本文试图从高层管理团队的角度,探讨信任与企业战略决策绩效的关系,并揭示高层管理团队内信任的影响因素。通过实证研究发现,我国私营企业高层管理团队内的信任度与团队成员间的社会交往程度有非常密切的联系,同时,信任度直接影响了高管层的战略决策绩效。     

浅谈信用风险管理

进入市场经济体制后,大部分企业采用赊销的形式销售商品,因而信用风险管理和风险控制的难度加大。企业应建立科学的信用管理机构,制定科学的信用管理政策,加强内部控制。要用现代的信用管理规范日常控制,科学评价客户信用风险,建立专业化的货款回收系统,使企业在一个健康、稳定、风险可控的经济环境中运行     

Antecedents and Consequences of Mutual Trust in PPPs

This article aims to identify the antecedents and consequences of mutual trust in public-private partnerships (PPPs), making use of the theory of mutual trust to develop the conceptual model. The article then tests hypotheses to find the role of trust in PPPs and also to identify the antecedents and consequences. Data have been collected from personnel working in government, corporate and non-profit sectors related to a post-earthquake psychological rehabilitation program in China. A total of 234 usable responses have been obtained with a return rate of 69.2%. The results of structural equation modeling show that while mutual communication, corporate reputation, and shared value influence mutual trust between partners positively, opportunism exerts negative influence on trust; in addition, trust also influences performance, commitment, and long-term relationships between partners. We conclude that mutual trust eliminates opportunism and increases confidence between partners, leading to improved inter-firm performance. If the partners establish trust in the PPP, they reap all other benefits of cooperation of PPPs.     

Trust Deterioration in an International Buyer-Supplier Relationship

Despite an abundance of research on inter-organizational trust, researchers are only beginning to understand the process of trust deterioration as an inter-organizational phenomenon. This paper presents a case study examining the deteriorating relationship between two international high-tech firms. We surveyed respondents from the supplier firm to identify major elements that reduced the supplier's trust in its customer, using the dimensions of trust identified by Mayer et al. (1995). While violations of ability, integrity, and benevolence all contributed to trust reduction, early violations of trustee benevolence contributed importantly to trust deterioration. Over time, the relationship became "sensitive," and respondents reported many incidents of trust violation. Managers reported primarily integrity- and benevolence-related incidents, while no pattern emerged among operations personnel. We examine the results in light of Hosmer's (1995) ethically-based trust principles. The supplier and customer would likely differ in their opinion of whether the customer was acting "ethically." This suggests that scholars need to examine how many principles can be violated before trust is eliminated, and whether any of the principles are particularly salient in business relationships.     

Investigating the Effect of Employee Empathy on Service Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Trust in and Satisfaction with a Service Employee

Abstract

This study examines the indirect effect of employee empathy on service loyalty through the intervening effect of trust in and satisfaction with service employees during service interactions. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire from university students. A total of 410 useable responses were used to perform data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping for indirect effects were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results show a significant effect of employee empathy on trust in service employee and satisfaction with service employee during customer–employee interactions. Also, satisfaction with a service employee showed a significant effect on service loyalty during service interactions. The study enhances the understanding of empathy within banking services during interactions between service employees and customers. It also provides insights for service managers and frontline service employees on how empathy develops customer’s trust and satisfaction with service employee.