出口贸易过度竞争的产业组织分析

行政垄断与过度竞争并存的二元结构是我国外贸体制转换时期的显著特征。现阶段的出口过度竞争是由出口企业经营战略失误、行业协调约束机制缺失、政府外贸竞争政策目标偏差和外贸行业产业特征共同作用的结果。纠正出口过度竞争行为有赖于调整出口企业经营策略,强化行业协调约束机制和修正外贸竞争政策目标。     

Global Insights on TMT Gender Diversity in Controversial Industries: A Legitimacy Perspective

Journal of Business Ethics - Firms in controversial industries such as tobacco, alcohol, gambling, weapon, and nuclear power suffer organizational legitimacy problems. These firms, therefore, adopt...     

战略性新兴产业企业风险分析与应对策略——以光伏企业为例

战略性新兴产业在高技术含量带来高成长的同时,也伴生了高投入和高风险。战略性新兴产业的风险主要来自于技术、市场、政策和财务方面。正确认识战略新兴产业领域的风险,并有效地控制风险、规避风险或转移风险,已经成为新兴产业领域亟待解决的问题。有效化解战略性新兴产业存在的风险,必须积极加强主体自身的风险防范,规范风险管理;政府应该对新兴产业科学规划,制定行业标准,限制落后产能;提供完善的信息和中介服务;构建多层次的金融支持体系。     

发展新兴产业背景下的传统产业升级研究以绍兴为例

绍兴市生产力发展水平具有多层次性,新兴产业和传统产业都有发展空间。通过对5家当地传统产业企业转型升级成功案例的分析研究显示,企业都在应用信息技术、先进机械设备、节能环保、新能源和新材料等来自战略性新兴产业的技术、产品和服务、以及通过网络合作进行各种类型的创新活动,提升企业内部的研发和创新能力,实现企业的升级之路。研究表明,在发展新兴产业的背景下,传统优势产业通过科技创新和应用战略性新兴产业的成果,有利于实现产业品牌化、产业生态化和产业高端化升级的目标。     

我国ASP新型运营模式探讨及案例分析

如何在我国成功地实施ASP模式,带动更多的中小企业实现信息化一直是当前我国政府与IT供应商关注的重点.本文通过对ASP内涵的分析,提出了ASP运营需要有多方参与的基本模型,并通过上海某ASP中心运营模式成功变迁过程的分析,具体探讨一个新型的ASP运营模式,并且在案例分析的基础上总结了我国ASP运营模式取得成功的关键要素.     

Organizational and Interorganizational Determinants of EDI Diffusion and Organizational Performance: A Causal Model

Electronic data interchange (EDI), a specific form of interorganizational systems, has the potential to significantly influence business operations and the exchange of business documents in a number of industries and to provide substantive tangible and intangible benefits to the participating firms. However, successful implementation and diffusion of these systems innovations requires the cooperation and commitment of all participating member firms. A number of interorganizational as well as internal, organization-specific factors can influence both the extent to which EDI is diffused and used and the level of subsequent benefits that accrue to the firms.

Research from sociopolitical process framework in marketing, organizational theory, innovation theory, use of information technology for competitive advantage, and information systems (IS) implementation was used to identify 3 interorganizational variables (customer support, customer expertise, competitive pressure) and 4 organizational variables (internal support, EDI's benefits potential, EDI compatibility, resource intensity). In this study, we develop a multidimensional measure for EDI diffusion to capture both external integration and internal integration. We then examine the influence of these 7 variables on the extent to which EDI adopter firms pursue diffusion and whether more diffusion leads to superior organizational-level outcomes.

Two senior executives (the chief executive officer and a senior manager responsible for the IS function or EDI) from 83 firms in the motor carrier industry participated in a field survey. The results from a structural equation model (SEM), developed using LISREL, provide quite a strong support for the hypothesized relations. All 4 organizational variables and 2 of the 3 interorganizational variables (customer support and competitive pressure) influence EDI diffusion. The results also indicate that external integration dimension of diffusion enables adopter firms to achieve improved operational and market-oriented performance, whereas internal integration contributes only to operational performance.     

International Competitiveness: A Case Study of American,Swedish, and Ukrainian Forest Industries

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this article are to assess changes in the international competitiveness of the forest products industries in three countries (Sweden, the US, and Ukraine) during the years preceding, during, and after the recent economic crisis. To deepen the exploration of the three countries’ competitiveness, we propose a Cross-Country Relative Competitiveness Index. The results show that comprehensive measurement of comparative and competitive advantages is essential for determining why a given industry in a given country is doing well or badly. They also provide broad background information for subsequent, more detailed explorations of important changes and trends.     

Employee Participation in Cause-Related Marketing Strategies: A Study of Management Perceptions from British Consumer Service Industries

The purpose of cause-related marketing (CRM) is to publicise and capitalise on a firm??s corporate social performance (CSP) by enhancing its legitimacy in the eyes of its stakeholders. This study focuses on the firm??s internal stakeholders ?C i.e. its employees ?C and the extent of their involvement in the selection of social campaigns. Whilst the difficulties of managing a firm that has lost or damaged its legitimacy in the eyes of its employees are well known, little is understood about the extent to which managers and their social partners listen to and involve their employees in the legitimation process. Through telephone interviews with non-profit organisations and senior managers of service sector firms, the extent of employee involvement in CRM campaigns and the perceived benefits of doing so are investigated.?Amongst other things, we find that (i) the extent of employee participation varies significantly across firms; (ii) larger CRM campaigns tend to be managed centrally with relatively less employee participation than smaller ones and (iii) financial services firms are more likely to make CRM decisions centrally, with relatively less employee participation than retail services firms.     

Consistent Questions of Ambiguity in Organizational Crisis Communication: Jack in the Box as a Case Study

The complexity of crisis situations allows for corporate responses to create multiple interpretations for organizational stakeholders concerning crisis evidence, the organization's intentions, and the locus of responsibility. Hence, organizations have the ability to emphasize an interpretation where the organization is viewed most favorably. Using Jack in the Box as a case study, we apply stakeholder theory to ascertain the ethical implications of employing strategic ambiguity in organizational crisis communication. We conclude that the crisis response provided by Jack in the Box's leaders was ethically questionable in the areas of evidence, intent, and locus because the ambiguity they introduced privileged their financial stakeholders over others. Ultimately, this strategic use of ambiguity diminished the deliberative ability of Jack in the Box's publics.     

Organizational Sensemaking of Non-ethical Consumer Behavior: Case Study of a French Mutual Insurance Company

Researchers and managers alike are becoming increasingly interested in the topic of unethical consumer behavior. Where most studies view unethical behavior as something that is identifiable per se, the authors of the present article believe that it only exists because it has been constructed by people operating within a specific context. Hence the efforts made by this paper to explore, at the level of one specific organization, how interactions between employees and consumers might lead to the construct of unethical consumers. Based on a case study of France’s AMDM—a mutual insurance company set up to serve a client base comprising motorcyclists—the paper addresses how one group of consumers ends up being categorized as unethical by revealing the existence of a sensemaking process within the target organization. This process develops in three main phases: the nurturing of a shared ethos; the protection of employees’ recognized status; and the demonization of any group of consumers threatening this status. Managers incorporating this sensemaking process can avoid or mitigate the negative effects befalling organizations when these kinds of unethical consumer behavior are constructed.     

CRM分析——以屈臣氏为例

加强客户关系管理正在被越来越多的企业所重视。屈臣氏大陆市场获得的巨大成功,就在于其对CRM的成功运用。屈臣氏集团通过准确、合理定位的目标市场群体,创造良好的购物环境,强调个性化的服务,长期保持和会员客户的关系,培养出了忠实的客户群。实践证明,CRM的实施,使用CRM数据分析技术锁定目标客户群;采用经典换购方式与供应商合作,提供换购产品和自由品牌产品;使用多通道宣传模式,采用部分商品长期打折的策略,吸引并提高了客户忠诚度。CRM是屈臣氏经久不衰的重要环节,也是其他零售业需要深入思考和学习重要内容。     

Framing and Organizational Misconduct: A Symbolic Interactionist Study

This study expands theoretical understanding of organizational misconduct through qualitative analysis of widespread deceptive sales practices at a large U.S. life insurance company. Adopting a symbolic interactionist perspective, this research describes how a set of taken-for-granted interpretive frames located in the organization’s culture created a worldview through which deceptive sales practices were seen as normal, acceptable, routine operating procedure. The findings from this study extend and modify the dominant theoretical ‘pressure/opportunity’ model of organizational misconduct by proposing that the process engine driving misconduct is not amorally rational organization members, but rather is organizational members acting on socially constructed views of the organization that normalize misconduct. Tammy L. MacLean is an assistant professor of management at Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts. She teaches in the areas of organizational behavior and managing diversity. Her research interests include how the process of decoupling organizational policies and programs from core organizational functions affects organizational behavior. Her research has been published in academic journals such as Academy of Management Review, Academy of Management Learning & Education, Journal of Management Inquiry, and Business & Society. She received a Ph.D. in Organization Studies in 2001 from Boston College.     

中小企业融资现状及对策分析——以安徽省蚌埠市为例

近年来,中小企业为我国经济发展做出重要的贡献。同时也存在着融资困难的问题。安徽省的蚌埠市地处交通要道,但经济发展缓慢。蚌埠市的中小企业内部融资方式单一、管理不足、信用度低、缺少相应的融资知识及抵押品。而我国政府扶持力度不够,银行贷款条件苛刻,贷款担保制度不健全,资金供应渠道单一也影响中小企业的发展。鉴于国外政府对中小企业帮助,我国应加强对中小企业融资的帮扶,完善金融体系。中小企业也应注重企业信用并进行内部整顿。     

企业品牌营销策略优化分析研究——以德国Hettich家具五金有限公司为例

随着企业间的竞争日益加剧、产品同质化越来越高,品牌成为比产品本身更重要和更持久的无形资产与核心竞争力,逐渐转变为和竞争者相抗衡的利器。Hettich公司于1999年进入中国以来,面对中国市场环境的独特性,始终发挥不出强大品牌的优势。从Hettich公司家具五金品牌营销的现状出发,通过重要环节的优化与改进,探索其品牌营销的可持续发展策略。     

我国开征碳税的税率问题研究——以石化塑胶行业为例

碳税在西方国家已实行多年,实践证明碳税是控制碳排放的有效经济手段.本文以碳税率为主要研究对象,采用定量分析的方法,以灰色GM(1,1)预测模型为基础,结合柯布道格拉斯函数,研究我国因开征碳税而引起的产值及CO2排放量的变化,对石化塑胶行业在不同税率下的碳排放成本进行分析.结果表明,开征碳税可以实现我国的减排目标,且应针对工业企业采取逐步提高的碳税收策略.     

Organizational Ethics in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis

Relationships with one’s employees, co-workers, or superiors create ethical dilemmas. Employees’ judgments and ethical perceptions have been extensively studied in Western cultures, but not in developing countries. The purpose of this investigation is to examine employees’ self-reported work-related ethics and compare them to their perceptions of co-workers’ and top managements’ along various morally challenging situations in three developing countries’ organizations. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Oman, known as the Gulf countries, were selected as the research setting – and provided the sampling frame – for this study. The results suggest that respondents perceived all ethically challenging situations as unethical and had significant differences among themselves regarding the ethical perceptions of self, as compared to perceptions of peers’, and top managements’. Discussion of the results and implications are provided.     

International Interdependencies between the Deregulation of Domestic Service Industries: A Case Study of Aviation in North America

This article is concerned with the interdependence of national markets for service industries. It focuses in particular on the North American aviation industry. It looks at the effects that deregulation and other developments in the US market had on Canadian aviation and air transport policy after 1978. What emerges is that, in the aviation sector at least, national markets for services can no longer be treated in isolation from changes in other, and especially larger, national markets. This is not only a topic of academic interest but has implications for the development of EC policies.