破产管理人纳税身份厘定与立法完善

<正>一、问题提出：从破产涉税争议看破产管理人纳税身份疑云我国《企业破产法》第13条明确规定“人民法院裁定受理破产申请的,应当同时指定管理人”,“债务人破产之后,为了对债务人的财产实行有效的管理,避免债务人对其财产的不当处分,以维护全体债权人的利益,在破产程序开始后需要有一个独立的专门的机构来管理、处分债务人的财产,这就是破产管理人”。     

企业的破产财产怎样处置

在破产清算期间 ,也会发生一些零星的正常的产品销售行为（如尚未执行完的销售合同等） ,有关破产财产处置的会计核算是清算会计的主要内容之一。关于破产财产的界定 ,《破产法》以及有关的法规中作了明确的规定。破产财产是指破产企业在破产程序终结前拥有的全部财产以及应当由破产企业行使的其他财产权利。具体包括三方面的内容 :第一 ,宣告破产时破产企业经营管理的全部财产 ,包括各种流动资产、固定资产、对外投资以及无形资产等。第二 ,破产企业在破产宣告后至破产程序终结前所取得的财产 ,包括债权人放弃优先受偿权利 ;破产财产转让价…     

破产程序中抵押债权的优先清偿辨析

会计师事务所、律师事务所等机构受人民法院指派担任破产企业管理人时,破产债权的优先受偿,是管理人应熟练掌握、严格执行的政策规范.该文作者以《企业破产法》、《担保法》、《物权法》等法律及相关司法解释的规定为依据,结合企业破产案件具体实践,分析研究破产清算中以债务人财产设定担保的债权优先受偿问题.     

关于企业破产还债制度的若干问题

<正> 随着改革开放的深入,社会主义市场经济的建立和发展,企业面临竞争的日趋激烈,企业破产案件日益增多。实践证明:对于严重亏损、资不抵债、扭亏无望的企业实施破产是深化改革的需要,是按市场经济客观规律办事的结果。笔者现从银行角度对企业破产作一些粗浅分析。一、破产案件的基本原理和主要特征1、破产案件中没有原告、被告之分.债权人和债务人都可依法提出破产申请。2、债务人被宣告破产后,丧失了其民事主体资格.丧失了财产管理处分权.由清算组代表其进行活动。破产人不仅无权再委托代理人,而且原有的代理关系也终止。3、破产程序是对债务人全部财产与经济关系进行的彻底清算。4、法律禁止在破产程序中债务人对个别债权人自动履行债务.5、破产程序均以裁定形式作出决定,     

上市公司破产重整制度研究

引言 破产重整程序是指对已具破产原因或有破产原因之虞而又有再生希望的债务人实施的旨在挽救其生存的积极程序，是破产法中与以清理债务人财产为目的的破产清算和破产和解程序相区别的独立程序。破产重整程序通过其对重整企业的特殊法律救济帮助企业摆脱破产危机，实现多方共赢的结局。建立破产重整制度，经营困……     

自然人破产制度的建立

从法政策角度考量,自然人破产制度可以使债权人获得公平受偿,使债务人获得重生,这是自然人破产制度确立的最重要原因;而信贷消费的迅速发展,是我国确立自然人破产制度的社会基础。我国面临的城乡二元结构、信用体系的不健全只是建立自然人破产时必须予以考虑的法技术问题。在建立自然人破产制度时必须正视城乡二元结构、信用体制缺失等问题,并逐步建立自然人财产申报登记制度,完善信用制度。     

自然人破产制度的建立

从法政策角度考量,自然人破产制度可以使债权人获得公平受偿,使债务人获得重生,这是自然人破产制度确立的最重要原因;而信贷消费的迅速发展,是我国确立自然人破产制度的社会基础.我国面临的城乡二元结构、信用体系的不健全只是建立自然人破产时必须予以考虑的法技术问题.在建立自然人破产制度时必须正视城乡二元结构、信用体制缺失等问题,并逐步建立自然人财产申报登记制度,完善信用制度.     

论金融担保债权的权利维护

担保债权是指因被担保而享有优先受偿资格的债权。在此主要讨论抵押和质押。抵押，是指债务人或者第三人不转移对财产的占有，将财产作为债权的担保。债务人不履行债务时，债权人有权依照担保法规定以该财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该财产的价款优先受偿。质押主要分动产质押和权利质押两种，是将动产或权利凭证转交债权人占有，以此担保债务的履行。     

对我国破产受理程序的分析与思考

破产法是在债务人的财产不足以支付全部债务情况下处理债权人与债务人之间债权债务关系的法律。虽然破产法处理的是债权债务实体问题,但破产法主要是通过制定一系列程序,赋予相关当事人一系列程序权利的方式处理债权债务关系。从这个意义上讲,破产法是关于程序权利的法律,本文主要阐释破产开始程序,关于破产程序的开始,理论界一直争论不断,争议的主要有两种学说,即破产受理主义与破产宣告主义,笔者试图从民事诉讼法诉权理论角度,对我国的破产受理程序进行了探讨。     

《企业破产法》对银行债权的影响及对策

《企业破产法》通过明确规定适用范围、引进管理人制度、设立重整制度、明确担保债权优先受偿原则、规制破产不当行为以及规定跨境破产等内容,确立了企业有序退出的法律制度,对于规范企业破产程序,公平清理债权债务,保护债权人和债务人的合法权益,维护市场秩序将产生重要影响。《企业破产法》在企业破产司法程序方面的创新,对银行维权工作提出了更高要求。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.