衍生化气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织固废物中8种有机锡化合物含量分析

采用酸性汗液提取,建立了衍生化气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织固废物中8种有机锡化合物含量的分析方法。实验对衍生化试剂及用量、衍生化时间对衍生化效果的影响进行了考察。在优化的最佳条件下,用气相色谱-质谱法选择离子方式（SIM）进行测定,外标法定量。实验结果表明,8种有机锡化合物在质量浓度0.05～5 mg/L范围内与对应峰面积呈良好线性关系,线性相关系数>0.999,方法最低检出限为0.015 mg/kg。采用2个不同质量浓度水平进行加标回收率试验,加标回收率在86.2%～99.2%之间,相对标准偏差<4.4%。该方法具有操作简单、检出限低和准确度高等优点,适合于纺织固废物中有机锡化合物的快速测定。     

食品塑料包装材料中有机锡化合物迁移规律研究

本文建立了高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定食品塑料包装材料中三甲基锡（TMT）、二丁基锡（DBT）和二苯基锡（DPhT）3种可迁移有机锡化合物的分析方法。分别选取蒸馏水、3%乙酸（体积分数）、10%乙醇（体积分数）和橄榄油4种食品模拟物,研究在各种模拟物中浸泡温度和浸泡时间对迁移量的影响。实验结果表明,在不同食品模拟物中有机锡的迁移量依次为10%乙醇溶液> 3%乙酸溶液>蒸馏水>橄榄油,且迁移量随接触时间的延长和温度的升高而增加。用10%乙醇模拟物进行微波加热迁移试验,结果表明,有机锡化合物迁移量随微波加热时间的延长而增加。     

输欧消费品禁含特定有机锡化合物

自今年7月起，欧盟执行2009／425／EC指令，从而正式开始限制对消费产品中特定有机锡化合物的使用。指令2009／425／EC中规定：自2010年7月1日起，欧盟在所有消费品中限制使用三丁基锡和三苯基锡化合物，其限量要求为商品中锡含量的质量百分比浓度小于0．1％，如若检出超标，则该批消费品将遭到退货乃至严厉的召回处罚。     

化学氧化法在有机锡废水处理中的合理应用

有机锡废水作为毒性较强、去除较为困难的水体污染源,其治理问题一直深受业内有关人士的关注.本文首先在前言部分强调了有机锡废水处理的迫切性,并引入化学氧化法的应用;重点分析了高锰酸钾氧化法和臭氧氧化法在有机锡废水处理中的作用原理和合理应用方式;最后做以总结.     

不同滤膜对迁移有机锡吸附效率的影响

按照欧洲玩具安全标准EN71-3：2013,在0．07mol／L盐酸中进行迁移有机锡标准溶液,分别用10种不同品牌和规格的滤膜进行过滤,用四乙基硼酸钠对过滤液进行衍生,用GC-MS对11种有机锡迁移量进行测试。结果显示,不同滤膜过滤迁移液对有机锡的吸附不同,四丁基锡和二氯二辛基锡会被滤膜严重吸附;孔径为0．45μm聚四氟乙烯材质的有机系滤膜对有机锡的吸附效率最低。     

技术转让与合作 高分子化工

聚氯乙烯稀土复合稳定剂聚氯乙烯可以用作食品、医药和化妆品等的无毒、透明包装制品。目前国内外常用的聚氯乙烯稳定剂是有机锡,国内厂家使用的有机锡大部分是进口的。稀土复合稳定剂可替代部分有机锡,其生产的聚氯乙烯制品的热稳定性、透明度和雾度等指标都能达到要求,另外,该产品也可用于一般PVC制品如农膜、管、板等的制造。     

红外光谱法定性筛选电子电气产品中有机锡的方法研究

本文通过采用超声萃取电子电气产品中的有机锡,并将提取物进行红外光谱分析,观察谱图中是否有C-Sn键在630cm^-1-440cm^-1间的特征吸收,从而进行有机锡的定性筛选。     

色谱质谱技术在消费品安全检测中的应用进展

随着REACH、RoHS等各类法规的持续出台及人们对消费品安全问题的不断重视,日用消费品中有毒有害物质检测成为近年来分析化学的研究热点。本文以邻苯二甲酸类增塑剂、有机锡类化合物为例,回顾了色谱质谱技术在消费品（如纺织品、电子电气产品、涂料、木制品等）安全检测中的应用情况,并对未来的研究方向做了初步展望。     

玩具中有机锡分析探讨

玩具中有机锡分析虽已出台了完整的测试标准EN71-3-2013,但在分析过程中做好质量控制相当重要,故本文从人、机、料、法、环等影响因素进行分析探讨,重点论述了分析方法及过程管控项目,以确保分析数据之准确可靠。     

思茅市茶叶多酚类化合物及其与制茶工艺关系的分析

[目的] 充分认识茶叶多酚类化合物对茶叶品质的影响.[方法] 在调查思茅市茶叶产品结构的基础上,有针对性地抽样对思茅市茶叶产品进行感官检验,用GB/T8313-2002<茶茶多酚测定>规定的方法对多酚类化合物检测,在查阅资料的基础上对思茅市茶叶多酚类化合物分布、含量、加工工艺与品质对应关系等方面进行了分析.[结果] 多酚类化合物在鲜叶中的含量随鲜叶嫩度而改变,嫩度越高,其含量越高,在制茶过程中,因为不同茶类有不同加工工艺,多酚类的变化也不同,找出了多酚类化合物与绿茶、红茶、普洱茶品质的相关系数.[结论] 多酚类化合物含量与茶叶品质密切相关.     

纳米技术在聚烯烃中的研究进展

综述了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的优点、使用价值和近年来国内外聚烯烃纳米复合材料的研究进展，并介绍了无机粒子／聚烯烃复合材料和粘土／聚烯烃复合材料，重点阐述了粘土与聚乙烯、聚丙烯纳米复合材料的制备方法及粘土／聚烯烃纳米复合材料插层热力学分析，对目前聚烯烃纳米复合材料存在问题及发展前景进行了探讨。     

Conflict in Supplier–Retailer Relationships in the Brewery Industry in Cameroon

The authors develop a theoretical framework to explain conflict in supplier–retailer relationships. In addition to traditional influence strategy variables, the framework links conflict to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. The framework is empirically tested in the Cameroonian brewery industry. The findings support the view that channel conflict is inversely related to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. Contrary to expectations, the use of noncoercive influence strategies (information exchange and recommendations) has no significant effect on conflict, while, as expected, the use of coercive influence strategies (threats and promises) increases conflict.     

西部开发中的EPD教育问题

EPD教育是人口、环境、健康与发展教育的总称。本文重点论述了EPD教育的概念、内容和目的 ,提出在西部开发规划中 ,应同时启动EPD教育的意义 ,同时 ,对西部开发中EPD教育的可行性做了初步的分析     

Injuries in different socio-economic groups in Finland

Introduction. Suicides are a hidden and unrecognized epidemic in the Indian region, affecting predominantly younger age groups. Information on causative risk factors and mechanisms is not available in the country, which is crucial for designing intervention programmes.

Objectives. To identify and quantify risk factors for completed suicides in the city of Bangalore.

Methods. A case–control study was conducted with the families of 269 completed suicides and 269 living controls within the broader population of the city using psychological autopsy methods.

Results. The study has shown that several factors in the areas of family, marriage, education, occupation, general health, mental health and absence of protective factors contribute significantly for suicides. The cumulative and repetitive interaction of several factors in a complex manner results in suicides. The significant factors were presence of previous suicidal attempt in self (odds ratio (OR) = 42.62), interpersonal conflicts and marital disharmony with spouse (OR = 27.98), alcoholism in self (OR = 23.38), presence of a mental illness (OR = 11.07), sudden economic bankruptcy (OR = 7.1), domestic violence (OR = 6.82) and unemployment (OR = 6.15). Individuals completing suicides did not have a positive outlook towards life, problem-solving approaches and coping skills.

Conclusion. The observed findings are at variance with suicidal causation in the West in some areas operating in a different sociocultural and economic environment. The intervention strategies should include prioritized macro and micro level efforts aimed at individual, family and society.     

Navigating wasta in business practices in Lebanon

Faced with severe social, political, and economic challenges, Lebanon is described as a weak state. Argued to be a key factor weakening the formal institutions there, is the prevalent practice of wasta. This article seeks to answer two questions: (1) Why is wasta prevalent in a business environment characterised by weak formal institutions, such as Lebanon? (2) How can managers navigate the use of wasta in the Lebanese business context where it prevails, avoiding its negative outcomes while utilizing its positive outcomes? Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted of managers from the Lebanese industrial sector. The findings highlight that wasta is used due to the networked nature of Lebanese society, economic hardship, widespread corruption and to maintain power. It was found that wasta could be beneficial in securing jobs, removing red tape, and gaining employment for humanitarian reasons. Finally, the negative outcomes of using wasta were found to include the employment of unqualified individuals, a reduction of organizations' productivity and a further weakening of formal institutions.     

河南农村金融改革初探

河南省农业现代化发展亟需金融支持,但是正规金融体系支农服务不到位、民间资本支农服务渠道不顺畅、农村资产入市缺乏盘活机制。推动农村金融改革,河南省政府应以农村产权制度改革为重点,积极推进改革试点工作,大力发展农村金融市场;完善农村金融组织体系,加快农村金融产品创新;加大金融惠农支持政策,提高农村金融服务水平;构建与河南省情相适应的多层次、多元化农村金融体系,使金融业成为推动河南农村经济发展的主要动力,实现农村金融改革的稳定有序发展。     

Trends in Executive Education in Business Marketing

ABSTRACT

Business marketers in the 21st century are grappling with the harsh, tough demands of a consolidated customer base, rapid product and service commoditization, complex channel structures, and hyper-competition in a rapidly evolving, information-intensive global economy. Across the globe, firms concerned with developing managerial talent to respond to these trends are demanding and expecting changes in the executive education programs offered by business schools. We consider in this paper a number of recent trends and changes in customer expectations, program format, content development and delivery, and program marketing that we have observed in executive education in the field of business marketing.     

Organizational cynicism in multinational corporations in China

Organizational cynicism is a pejorative attitude toward the employing organization induced by mistrust, disillusion, and various negative experiences. Based on cognitive dissonance theory we develop and test a theoretical model of how perceived cultural differences lead to organizational cynicism which in turn results in greater turnover intentions among host country nationals (HCN) employed in foreign subsidiaries of multinational corporations. Furthermore, we argue that the negative effect of perceived cultural differences can be mitigated by localization, i.e. replacement of expatriates by local staff. Survey results from HCN employees in foreign subsidiaries in China confirm the expected relationships.     

Golder's historical method in research in marketing

This article reviews a seminal article in the historical marketing literature — “Historical Method in Marketing Research: With New Evidence on Long-Term Market Share Stability” (Golder, 2000). The present study uses citation analysis and commentary to consider the contributions of Golder (2000) to the marketing discipline. This review explores why the article is seminal and how Golder's article influences marketing historical research. Golder's article is important for two main reasons. First for its findings, which contradict commonly held beliefs about long-term market share stability, though the relevant literature largely ignores these findings. The literature does recognize Golder's (2000) second contribution of the historical method: his article offers clear guidelines to new and emerging research in historical marketing.     

Uses of Redundancy in Print Advertisements in Nigeria

The creative repetition of the most important aspects of communications, or redundancy, is a strategy employed in the field of advertising to ensure that messages are understood and acted upon by the audience or prospects. The article shows the influence of redundancy on consumer learning. Six brand advertisements were purposively selected and analyzed for content to demonstrate the occurrence, uses, and limitations of creative repetition of messages in advertising, along with appropriate recommendations.