股票市场、金融中介与经济增长的实证研究

金融发展是影响经济增长的至关重要的因素之一,本文利用2003²013年的季度数据,通过构建联立方程模型,使用广义矩估计(GMM)方法研究了中国股票市场、金融中介与经济增长之间的关系。实证结果表明:股票市场发展并不是经济增长的原因,而经济增长促进了股票市场繁荣;金融中介的发展促进经济增长,而经济增长时由于金融中介的逆向操作往往使得金融中介的总体规模降低;股票市场发展与金融中介发展相互促进。据此,我们认为我过的金融市场还不够完善,应进一步完善体制,规范操作,促进经济协调发展。     

Comparative output and labor productivity in manufacturing between China, Japan, Korea and the United States for ca. 1935 - A production-side PPP approach

Following the standard industry-of-origin methodology to measure production-side purchasing power parities (PPPs), this study for the first time provides a set of unit value ratios (UVRs) of manufacturing products between China, Japan, Korea and the US, based on which it derives PPP estimates for individual manufacturing industries for these East Asian countries with the US as the benchmark for ca. 1935. The estimated PPP for total manufacturing suggests that the relative level of the producer price in China, Japan and Korea was about half to two thirds of the prevailing market exchange rates, respectively. The estimated PPPs are used to calculate comparative output and labor productivity for individual industries of these countries for ca. 1935. It shows that the size of factory manufacturing in Japan was 12 percent of the US level and in China only about one percent of the US level. In terms of comparative labor productivity, measured as PPP$ per hour worked, Japanese and Korean manufacturing was 24 and 23 percent of the US level, whereas Chinese manufacturing was only 7 percent of the US level.