Chinese rural reform in 30 years: An analysis in terms of institutional economics

Both from history and logic, the rural reform is the starting point for China’s overall economic reform. The gradualism, inherent logical evolution and interest conflict of reform in China all have their origins in rural reform. The thirty-year’s rural reform can be viewed as the adjustment of urban-rural relations by different period. This study adopts the analytical framework of institutional economics to clearly demonstrate the whole logic process of institutional transition, then from the international comparative perspective, generalizes some basic experiences in China’s rural reform and the lessons for developing and transitional countries. On the basis of judging different stages of economic development, this paper also sums up the new challenges faced by rural reform and discusses its prospects for the next reform.     

Unemployment and the economics of gradualist policy reform

This paper investigates the efficiency of adjustment to economic reform programs when the cost of adjustment arises from high unemployment that can be generated as contracting sectors shrink faster than expanding sectors grow. Under plausible assumptions on the adjustment process, the speed of adjustment to “shock therapy” reforms is shown to be excessively rapid, and the rate of unemployment to be excessively high during the transition to the new equilibrium. The authorities can improve the efficiency of the adjustment by removing the distortion gradually, rather than abruptly. Gradualism has beneficial income distributional, as well as efficiency properties, because it improves welfare of the unemployed, who are necessarily the least advantaged social group in this model.     

女性主义经济学与中国经济学的本土化

经济学研究的是具体社会关系下人的理性行为以及人类行为造成的经济现象,因而具有强烈的人文性;而且,随着经济学研究领域的不断拓宽,人们已经开始引入了制度、文化等社会性因素,经济学的人文性已日益明显.正是基于这种人文性特征引发了人们对具体社会中人之理性的重新审视,以及对社会中人之行为的关注,并导致20世纪80年代之后女性主义经济学的勃兴;经济学领域的性别差异又进一步引发了社会性的思考,从而引发了对经济学本土化的探讨.事实上,不同社会文化下的经济学是有差异的,经济学本质上无法像自然科学那样科学化、客观化和通用化,而是具有强烈的本土化的色彩;而且,如果经济学理论没有本土化,就没有根植性,也就没有创新性,当然也就没有现代性和世界性.     

Some economics of the movie industry

A progress report is provided on a long‐term research project, joint with Gabriel Natividad, on the economics and strategy of the movie industry. Specifically, a series of empirical papers dealing with demand estimation, pricing and movie‐release strategies is surveyed. JEL Classification Numbers: L82.     

The economics of the smart card industry: Towards coopetitive strategies

This article uses an explorative case study of the smart card industry where ‘coopetition’ is to be found. We show that the nature of interaction between smart card actors, dealing with industry and market conditions that create a very complex competitive landscape, constitutes a mix of competition and cooperation. Here, we assume that the paradoxical aspect of competition and cooperation [Quinn, R.E. and Cameron, K.S. (1988) Paradox and Transformation. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger] can be juxtaposed in order to understand the strategic phenomena characterizing actors' interactions. Actors cooperate in some activities and compete on other ones. Such strategic behaviour is called coopetitive strategy, which is increasingly adopted by high-tech industry players.     

Solving optimal timing problems in environmental economics

Two papers of Pindyck, 2000, Pindyck, 2002 that modeled the control of stock pollutants as optimal stopping problems contained closed form solutions that are incorrect. This paper discusses a subtle error in the derivation and demonstrates how solutions to these and related problems can be obtained numerically. The numerical solutions are contrasted with the ones contained in Pindyck's original papers.     

Search,selection, and shortage in an industry composed of labor-managed firms

Evolutionary models of an industry composed of labor-managed firms are constructed. In these models, search or selection processes—in the sense of Nelson and Winter—determine what production techniques are used. If certain types of subsidies are introduced into these models, shortage—in the sense of Kornai—results. How search and selection processes promote use of cost-minimizing techniques and how subsidies may stifle or deflect these processes is investigated through ten propositions. These propositions are applied to illuminate Yugoslavia's slow adjustment to increases in the relative price of oil.     

中国经济学社的兴衰及其影响

中国经济学社于1923年创立,到1953年结束。它是在马寅初、刘大钧主持下,以留美归国经济学者为主,集合全国政、学、商各界上层分子组成的经济学术团体。学社发展经历了四个时期。作为民国时期经济学界的英美派,学社的学术和思想居于当时社会的主流地位,产生了广泛影响。     

人民币汇改后中国资本市场改革的成就与问题

解决资本市场与货币市场的不平衡发展是中国实行金融改革的主要动因之一，随着大力发展资本市场的中央文件陆续提出，中国资本市场改革进展顺利，2005年7月人民币汇改后，资本市场也随之进入发展新阶段。过了2006年中国加入WTO承诺——对外开放金融业即将兑现，此前出现的新机遇和新问题亟待我们去分析解决，以积极应对对外开放对我国金融业带来的冲击并把握金融业开放给我们带来的契机。     

人民币汇改后中国资本市场改革的成就与问题

解决资本市场与货币市场的不平衡发展是中国实行金融改革的主要动因之一,随着大力发展资本市场的中央文件陆续提出,中国资本市场改革进展顺利,2005年7月人民币汇改后,资本市场也随之进入发展新阶段.过了2006年中国加入WTO承诺--对外开放金融业即将兑现,此前出现的新机遇和新问题亟待我们去分析解决,以积极应对对外开放对我国金融业带来的冲击并把握金融业开放给我们带来的契机.     

经济全球化下我国税收管理的问题与对策

在经济全球化日益扩大的形势下，税收管理也日益复杂、本文试图探讨经济全球化的税收管理问题，并提出一些建议     

我国对外劳务合作存在的问题与对策

近年来,我国对外劳务合作发展较快。不论是从营业额还是从劳务数量来看,都呈现出稳步增长的态势。加入世界贸易组织后,随着市场准入机会的扩大,我国劳务流动方式将进一步与国际惯例接轨。此外,对外劳务合作也是我国“走出去”战略的重要组成部分,这也为我国的劳务外派提供了新的机遇,必将促进劳务合作的发展。我国劳务外派存在的问题首先,外派劳务总量偏低,规模偏小。2000年,菲律宾输出劳务600万人,占全国劳动总数的21%。而我国在外人数仅为37万,还不到世界劳务市场总量的1%,仅占全国总人口的4‰。据国际劳工组织2004年的统计,目前世界各国…     

Structural reform of the electricity industry and economic growth

Using 782 panel data from 34 OECD countries from 1991 to 2013, this study aims to evaluate how structural reform affects GDP growth rate. We use the Barro-type GDP growth rate regression model and apply both fixed and random effect models. Eight structural reform variables are selected: (i) third party access, (ii) wholesale market dummy, (iii) choice of supplier, (iv) private ownership, (v) generation-others separation, (vi) transmission-others separation, (vii) distribution-others separation and (viii) overall vertical separation. Major finding results are as follows: (i) third party access can positively contribute to GDP growth rate, (ii) wholesale market and overall vertical separation might have a small negative effect, and (iii) other variables have no significant effect.     

Politician control, agency problems and ownership reform

Using data from a recent national survey on the ownership reform of state‐owned enterprises in China, we study the effects of reducing politician control and agency problems on a number of reform outcomes. Taking into account the endogenous nature of the reform, we find that these outcome measures of the reform's success are positively affected by the lessening of politician control through increasing the firm's flexibility in labour deployment and by the mitigation of agency costs through the introduction of more effective corporate governance mechanisms such as one‐share one‐vote and shareholding‐based board structure composition. Ownership structure also matters: relative to shareholding by the state, foreign ownership has a positive effect on reform outcomes; individual (mostly employee) shareholding has a negative or insignificant effect. Somewhat surprisingly, operating autonomy (excluding labour deployment flexibility) has a negative effect on firm performance, suggesting serious agency problems in the reformed enterprises.     

Enterprise reform in China: agency problems and political control

The past reforms of state-owned enterprises in China delegated many effective control rights to managers while maintaining ultimate control rights for the Party and government. The result is that either the agency costs are high because managers lack accountability or the political costs are high because the government causes political interference. Reform of state-owned enterprises in China should aim at reducing both political and agency costs, which can be done through depoliticization, effective corporate governance, and deserialization. In particular, China needs an ownership transformation with a combination of privatization, denationalization, and pluralization; a state assets management system to limit political influence from the government; and corporatization to establish effective corporate governance which may take a variety of forms.     

高职《西方经济学》教学改革探讨

《西方经济学》是我国高职院校经济管理类专业开设的一门核心课程。但由于该课程有其自身的特点,而教学过程中又存在一定的误区,使得目前许多高职院校《西方经济学》都存在教学效果不理想的状况。为此,分析了当前高职《西方经济学》教学中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了教学改革的对策与建议。     

工程咨询企业"走出去"的现状与问题

“国际工程咨询”的特定含义是指我国“走出去”的工程咨询企业,在境外从事工程咨询设计及相关的各种方式的工程承包、项目管理承包等业务。在国内,国际工程咨询目前未形成独立的产业形态,也不是严格意义上的独立行业,它只是中国工程咨询业中的涉外业务。作为服务贸易,通过参与国际投标竞争承揽国际工程咨询业务始于上个世纪80年代,是在对外承包工程和劳务合作的基础上发展起来的。90年代初,原外经贸部决定成立“中国国际工程咨询协会筹备组”,并授予一批有实力的设计院对外工程咨询设计经营权,让这些拥有较多科学技术人才的单位走出国门,在…     

中国高等教育改革的外部环境与内因

中国高等教育改革是在国际教育理念大系统的作用下进行的,大系统的作用和子系统的反作用,必将使高教在完成向新质飞跃后,促进国际教育发展。就我国高教自身来看,经过经济转型后,由自上而下地探讨教改新思路和进行改革实践,到上下共同进行多方位、多角度的谋划,最终必将形成一个既有中华民族优良文化特色,又有国际教育理念的现代高等教育体系,成为我国教育发展的主向导。