Optimum,market and second-best land use patterns in a von Thünen city with congestion

This paper constructs a von Thünen type model with traffic congestion and two production inputs. A comparison between optimum and market land use patterns is presented. The second-best problem in which congestion tolls are not allowed is also considered. The policy variable in the analysis is the allocation of land between production and transportation. The result is examined in a cost-benefit analysis based on market rent.     

现代城市广场优化设计研究

本文在总结中外广场发展规律的基础上,借助于环境工程学、心理学、城市社会学、建筑学、美学、艺术 等诸多学科的成就,着重研究人在广场空间环境中的行为活动规律,进而对广场空间环境设计进行了系统分析和提出了优化设计应遵循的原则。     

Language and urban labor market segmentation: Theory and evidence

I propose a language theory of labor market segmentation. People of different language origins form separate urban labor submarkets and can switch between submarkets. Two types of wage differentials emerge, namely the Within-Labor-Market Wage Gap and the Within-Language-Group Wage Gap. The average wage in each market and a worker’s choice of the labor market depend on the population sizes of the relevant groups. These implications are tested using the 2001 Census of Canada Public Use Microdata. A unique feature of these data is the reported work language, which helps me to identify labor market segments. The empirical evidence supports my theory.     

城市规划优化决策理论与方法研究论纲

一、城市规划优化决策研究的重要意义　　城市规划是指根据一定时期城市经济与社会发展的目标,确定城市性质、规模和发展方向,合理利用城市土地,协调城市空间功能布局及进行各项建设的综合部署和全面安排。从特点看,城市的社会、经济、环境等各项要素互为前提,互相制约,城市规划需要对城市的各项要素进行统筹安排,使之各得其所,协调发展,具有很强的综合性;城市规划中许多重大问题的解决都必须以国家有关方针政策为依据,具有很强的政策性;城市规划要根据地方特点,因地制宜地规划、建设与管理,具有地方性;城市规划既要解决当前建设问题,又要合…     

市场失效、市场界限与城市规划调控

以经济理论分析市场失效、市场界限,论证城市规划作为政府管理对城市建设、资源保护、土地利用安排等方面干预和管理必要性和主要内容.     

Modeling the urban land market: The case of Japan

Two sets of negative exponential functions, one for urban residential density and the second for land price, are estimated. The parameters of these functions are then employed in an econometric model of land use and urban form in 71 Japanese cities. Several variables are determined, including average land price, gross population density, housing size, and population.     

Capital,population and urban patterns

The author develops an approach to urban dynamics with endogenous capital and population growth, synthesizing the Alonso location model, the two-sector neoclassical growth model, and endogenous population theory. A dynamic model for an isolated island economy with endogenous capital, population, and residential structure is developed on the basis of Alonso's residential model and the two-sector neoclassical growth model. The model describes the interdependence between residential structure, economic growth, population growth, and economic structure over time and space. It has a unique long-run equilibrium, which may be either stable or unstable, depending upon the population dynamics. Applying the Hopf theorem, the author also shows that when the system is unstable, the economic geography exhibits permanent endogenous oscillations.     

Spatial patterns of residential development

A simple dynamic model of residential development with durable housing, where all households are identical and all developers have perfect foresight, is studied. It is shown that, unlike the case of static models, it is quite possible that house size decreases, and thus population density increases, with distance from the city center and that the house rent curve has positive gradient in certain area.     

Integrating parametric and non-parametric multivariate analysis of urban growth and commuting patterns in a European metropolitan area

Quality & Quantity - Mono-centric regions have experienced a progressive transformation towards polycentric structures. Transition to discontinuous and dispersed spatial configurations was...     

Spatial changes in labour market inequality

We study spatial changes in labour market inequality for US states and MSAs using Census and American Community Survey data between 1980 and 2010. We report evidence of significant spatial variations in education employment shares and in the college wage premium for US states and MSAs, and show that the pattern of shifts through time has resulted in increased spatial inequality. Because relative supply of college versus high school educated workers has risen faster at the spatial level in places with higher initial supply levels, we also report a strong persistence and increased inequality of spatial relative demand. Bigger relative demand increases are observed in more technologically advanced states that have experienced faster increases in R&D and computer usage, and in states where union decline has been fastest. Finally, we show the increased concentration of more educated workers into particular spatial locations and rising spatial wage inequality are important features of labour market polarization, as they have resulted in faster employment growth in high skill occupations, but also in a higher demand for low wage workers in low skill occupations. Overall, our spatial analysis complements research findings from labour economics on wage inequality trends and from urban economics on agglomeration effects connected to education and technology.     

"空间失配"假设及对中国城市问题研究的启示

对美国学者在"空间失配"假设方面的研究及其对政策的影响进行了回顾,提出在研究中应重点关注在中国城市就业、城市交通规划、土地利用规划和城市改造拆迁四个方面应用"空间失配"假设的可能性和必要性.     

Building ages and urban growth

This paper presents an empirical test of a hypothesis derived from a theoretical urban growth model developed by Brueckner and von Rabenau (1981). The model portrays a monocentric city with radial commuting where housing developers choose among a number of infinite-horizon land-use strategies with the knowledge that the urban population will change discontinuously at a future date τ. The model suggests that a large population increase will raise housing prices sufficiently to make it worthwhile for developers to replace old centrally-located structures at τ. When population increases moderately or declines, replacement will not be optimal and original structures will be left standing forever. Regression results relating 1970 central-city building ages to prior urbanized area population growth confirm the existence of the inverse relationship between building ages and prior growth predicted by the theory.     

土地价值与城市增长

文章介绍了城市经济动态模型。通过利用在经济学中广泛的效用函数及对效用函数的优化 ,得出城市土地地租有三部份构成 :农业土地地租 ;土地发展成本的租金 ;和区位或可达性所带来的级差地租 ,并进一步推出城市土地价值有四部分构成 :(1)农业土地价值 ;(2 )土地发展成本 ;(3)可达性的经济价值 ;(4)可预见的未来土地地租增值所带来的价值。相对应 ,城市边缘非城市土地价值有两部分组成 :一是与农业土地地租有关的土地价值 ,另一个是可预见的土地转变成城市用地后未来土地地租增值所带来的价值。城市经济动态理论及其结论丰富和发展了土地地租和土地价值理论 ,加深了对土地价值形成和发展的理解 ,有利于相关法规和政策的制定 ,以此提高城市土地利用效益和推动城市发展。最后 ,结合中国国情 ,文章分析了城市政策及土地政策对城市化的社会经济影响。     

Spatial oligopoly: price-location interdependence and social cost in a discrete market space

Spatial oligopoly theory has been restricted in largest part to the analysis of duopoly. Although ingenious, the work has led to results of limited applicability. The present paper generalizes the analysis to n firms but is restricted to the use of specified functions, in the belief that more general results are not to be obtained. Use is made of a nonlinear programming and a Weber-point algorithm in tandem to derive a number of interesting propositions for specific examples. Location patterns and social costs of oligopoly are derived, and an attempt is made to tie the results to previous parameters used by Smithies and to extend his analysis.