共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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近年来,特别是中国加入WTO后,洗衣机市场竞争日趋激烈,技术更新加快,国外大品牌纷纷涌入,国内外品牌不断整合,宁波市洗衣机产业正面临严峻挑战。本文运用SWOT分析工具,在分析宁波市洗衣机产业优势与劣势的基础上,进一步研究了宁波市洗衣机产业面临的机遇和挑战,最后就宁波市洗衣机产业的进一步持续健康发展提出对策与措施。 相似文献
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本文对2000-2010年上海市洗衣机市场的数据进行整理建模分析后得出结论:在上海市洗衣机市场中,洗衣机平均价格,恩格尔系数对销售量有着显著的影响力,恩格尔系数对销量的影响要大于洗衣机价格水平。 相似文献
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今年6月,海尔集团在全国各大媒体上宣传其新产品节水型洗衣机,并公布了检测部门的数据报告,此番轰轰烈烈之势遭到了其它五家洗衣机巨头——小鸭、小天鹅、西门子、松下、荣事达的强烈反感,集体声讨:海尔节水型洗衣机的检测结果不具有权威性。一时间,洗衣机市场烽火连天,愈烧愈旺,我们从电视媒体上可见一斑。 相似文献
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孙伟 《中国对外贸易(英文版)》2011,(12)
洗衣机是大家非常熟悉的一种家用电器,随着科技的进步和人们生活质量的提高以及人们对精神文明的高度追求,全自动洗衣机也揭开了面纱,它以其固有的优点赢得了很多的消费者的信赖,有必要开发和改善现有的全自动洗衣机.根据全自动洗衣机的工作原理,利用可编程控制器实现PLC控制.说明了PLC控制的原理方法、特点及其特色! 相似文献
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介绍了蓝牙技术的基本内容,分析了信息家电的主要功能,并设计和实现了一种基于蓝牙嵌入式模块7708的网络洗衣机程控板。相应的网络洗衣机不仅具备常规洗衣机的全部洗、漂、脱功能,且能通过Internet在远端对其进行监控与维护。 相似文献
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Kirsi Laitala Ingun G. Klepp Casper Boks 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2012,36(2):228-237
Maintenance is often the most energy‐demanding stage during clothes' life cycle. Therefore, a shift towards more sustainable washing habits has great potential to reduce the consumption of energy, water and detergent. This paper discusses the change in laundering practices during the past 10 years in Norway and suggests strategies to help consumers change their laundry habits to more sustainable ones. Quantitative information of consumers' experiences, habits and opinions concerning clothing maintenance was collected through three surveys in Norway in 2002, 2010 and 2011. The 2010 study was supplemented with qualitative in‐depth interviews of a strategic sample of households. The average washing temperature has decreased slightly during the studied time periods. Some products' washing frequencies remained the same, whereas other products such as jeans were used a few more days before washing. The cotton programme is the most used washing programme, but short programmes are gaining popularity. The laundry sorting processes vary greatly and are influenced by several factors such as washing temperature, colours, fibre type and use area. For some consumers, the use of several different sorting categories made it more difficult to collect a sufficient amount of clothing to fill the machine. They were also afraid that overfilling the machine would result in clothes that were not clean enough or had detergent residues. Detergent dosing practices are far from optimal. In 2010, although the majority of respondents only used eye measure and did not know the water hardness of their area, they still tried to vary detergent dosage based on the amount of laundry and the level of soiling. Different design for sustainable behaviour strategies could be used within detergent dosage systems, care labelling, machine programme selection (such as suggesting lower temperature and eco‐programme), machine filling grade indicators, storage systems for slightly used clothing and textile material choice. 相似文献
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NICOLA PEEL SALLY-ANN BURNETT PAUL AINSWORTH 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》1997,21(3):227-236
The purpose of this research was to investigate whether the performance of domestic washing machines is adversely affected by reduced levels of energy use. This was felt particularly worthwhile because of the introduction of energy labelling for washing machines in April 1996. Results were determined by conducting tests derived from BS EN 60456. This research also aimed to discover consumer awareness of energy labelling and factors likely to influence the future purchase of washing machines. The results indicate that washing performance may be adversely affected by lower levels of energy consumption and that washing machines with a higher energy consumption achieve a better washing performance. From the survey carried out, it was discovered that the most influential factors when purchasing a washing machine were price, washing performance and brand reliability. Environmental factors such as reduced energy consumption and reduced water consumption only played a minor role in consumers' considerations. However, the research indicates that consumers' decisions may, in the future, be affected by the information displayed on energy labels. 相似文献
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Gwendolyn Hustvedt Mira Ahn JoAnn Emmel 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2013,37(3):291-298
The adoption of sustainable laundry technologies by US consumers has lagged behind that of other countries and even behind the projections for adoption made by the US government. Most US household currently own and use the top‐loading vertical axis (v‐axis) agitator type washers, which use large amounts of water as well as additional energy to heat the water. More sustainable laundry practices include the use of energy‐ and water‐efficient front‐loading horizontal‐axis (h‐axis) washers. These washers have been demonstrated to use 38% less water and 58% less energy than the standard top‐loading v‐axis models. The adoption of more energy‐efficient washing technologies is of interest to many, including policy makers, because of their water‐ and energy‐saving potential. Little is known about the attributes and issues consumers use in their decision to adopt high‐efficiency washers for their home. This study uses Roger's Diffusion of Innovations Theory to understand the adoption of h‐axis washers by US consumers. An online survey of 330 consumers who own washing machines found that 23% currently own h‐axis washers and 24% of consumers intend to purchase an h‐axis when they replace their top‐loading vertical (v‐axis) washers. Energy and water savings are the most frequently cited reasons overall for adopting the h‐axis washer and cost was the main reason for not adopting the technology. Other issues, such as dissatisfaction with cleaning power and problems with machine cleanliness and maintenance, did not play a major role in adoption. Specific marketing and education channels, where US consumers are looking for information about h‐axis washers, are also identified. Overall, the results suggest that the rate of h‐axis adoption in the US is accelerating, but that many of the benefits of the technology are not easily observed by non‐owners. 相似文献
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PETER CARTY 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》1983,7(2):177-185
The washing performance of a popular U.K. detergent product has been evaluated at two different temperatures. The results are discussed in terms of potential energy savings which can be achieved by washing at cooler temperatures and the acceptability of the clean laundry as determined by a panel of consumers. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the bleaching efficiency of activated sodium perborate at low washing temperatures and the resulting energy saving. The comparison of the washing efficiency of basic and activated detergent was based on practical washing tests. The types of dirt used were coffee, fruit juice, tea, blood and a soot-oil mixture. The washing temperatures were 50, 60, 70 and 80°C. The cleanness of the washing was determined by a whiteness measurement. The consumption of electrical energy was measured with a kWh-meter. The higher the temperature, the more effectively all the types of dirt were removed from the textiles. With activated detergent a cleanness was obtained at 50°C and 60°C that was almost as good as with basic detergent at 80°C. The coloured types of dirt washed out more easily than blood or the soot and oil mixture. An average saving of 20% in the consumption of energy was obtained when the washing temperature was lowered by 10°C. With activated detergent, 45% of the energy consumed using basic detergent was saved with no reduction in the final cleanness. 相似文献
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In washing apparel and related articles, a cold rinse does not always conserve energy. Removal of water in spin drying becomes more complete as its temperature is raised, thus reducing the amount of costly thermal drying. When gas-heated water is used in washing followed by electric drying, total energy cost is minimized by using at least a warm rinse cycle. When the same type of energy is used in water heating and drying, no energy is saved by heating rinse water. 相似文献
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Seonaidh McDonald Caroline Oates Maree Thyne Panayiota Alevizou Leigh-Ann McMorland 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2009,33(2):137-145
In this paper, we present findings from two qualitative studies where we explored sustainable consumption practices through examining consumers' information search and decision-making processes for recent purchases of five categories of goods/services: fast moving consumer goods (such as foodstuffs and household products), white goods (such as fridges and washing machines), small electrical products (such as TVs and computers), green energy tariffs (such as electricity from renewable sources) and tourism (such as flights). This research has provided us with a set of rich data which explores the nature and extent of sustainable consumption practices across different product sectors. A comparative analysis has allowed us to draw out patterns of consumer behaviour for different product and service types. Our findings suggest that even the same green consumer will not use the same information sources or decision-making criteria, consider the same options or focus on the same industry actors, for products in different sectors. However, we have identified some degree of consistency in purchases within sectors. We present these sector-specific patterns of consumer behaviour and highlight differences in the criteria utilized and the research norms in each sector. 相似文献
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Laili Wang Xuemei Ding Rui Huang Xiongying Wu 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2014,38(1):104-109
Rapid urbanization and improvement in living standard skyrocket the demand for washing machines in Chinese households, especially in urban households. This paper discusses the owning rate of different types of washing machines, using frequency, load capacity, factors affect choices of washing machines, etc. in Chinese households and suggest possible strategies in choosing washing machines considering economic expenditure. Quantitative information relates to choice and use of household washing machines was collected through in‐depth interview of the key person who carried out household laundering. A total of 993 households that were randomly selected in eight provinces and a municipality were successfully interviewed. Impeller washing machine is still in a dominate place whereas drum washing machine increasing steadily. Households with higher income tend to buy drum washing machines for their better performances in detergency and superior quality. Load capacity between 4 and 6 kg is very common at present. Larger load capacity is a trend of washing machine choices in Chinese households. Washing machine with better energy efficiency is more popular for its lower expenditure in use. This is more obvious for drum washing machine. Washing machines are often used once every 1 or 2 days in summer, whereas one wash per week and two washes per week are very common in winter. Consumer will expend much more money with the choice of a drum washing machine, not only for paying for the machine, but also for the consumed electricity and water and wastewater discharges in every use. 相似文献
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Anke Kruschwitz Anja Karle Angelika Schmitz Rainer Stamminger 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2014,38(3):265-277
Sustainability is a guiding principle for a responsible, future‐oriented 21st century lifestyle and this already begins in private households with the daily household tasks. Approximately 25% of an average household's electricity consumption is required to do the laundry and dishwashing – 5% alone is for washing clothes with a corresponding energy consumption of 6 billion kilowatt hours. In addition, 600 000 tonnes of detergent and 330 million cubic metres of water are used for textile care in Germany. These figures provide the rationale for the scientific study of current practices of using washing machines and for a resulting estimate of the latent energy‐saving potential in German households. In the context of the in‐home study presented here, 236 private households throughout Germany were studied with respect to their washing practices and existing knowledge about topics on the sustainable, energy‐saving use of their washing machines. Overall, across all households 2867 wash cycles were individually recorded and subsequently analysed over a 4‐week period. The results of this study show that washing machines tend to be underloaded, and therefore maximum loading of the machines could lead to a reduction of wash cycles per household. With respect to detergent dosage, it was determined that the consumer does not adjust the dosage to the textile type, load size, soil level and/or water hardness, and this can lead to under‐ or overdosing depending on prevailing conditions. Finally, the selection of the wash temperature showed a 90°C/95°C programme was only chosen in 2.3% of all recorded wash cycles, however, every fourth cycle was completed at 60°C. Therefore, adjusting the load size and detergent dosage as well as selecting the right wash temperature are key themes to be taken into account in future consumer communication about energy‐saving households. 相似文献