HACCP在边贸水产品企业中应用的研究

本研究探讨了HACCP管理体系在边境贸易水产品企业中应用的可行性.分析了边贸水产品企业的特点;对进口原料进行了风险分析;根据企业建立和实施HACCP管理体系三年来的实践,论证了边贸水产品企业中应用HACCP必然性与可行性.     

HACCP在池塘养殖中的应用

近年来,我国的水产养殖业迅猛发展,由此引出的环境问题不可低估。在水产品进行人工养殖的过程中,饲料、药品、水质等投入品使用不当将导致有毒有害物质的超标。为了做好水产养殖环节的卫生控制,有必要在养殖企业建立和运行HACCP体系。在水产养殖方面应用HACCP体系,就是要在亲体     

中国水产品出口面临的技术壁垒与对策

各国采取各种技术性贸易壁垒措施是制约中国水产品出口的最大因素,给中国水产业带来一系列影响。随着发达国家对中国水产品的技术标准要求越来越高,技术标准的制定带有很强的随意性和不公正性。对此,中国应采取相应对策,建立健全HACCP质量控制体系和技术性贸易措施数据库;实施品牌战略;发挥行业协会作用,促进加工企业的技术进步;建立出口水产品的追溯管理制度,弱化或取消以关税为代表的传统贸易壁垒。     

中国水产品出口面临的技术壁垒与对策

各国采取各种技术性贸易壁垒措施是制约中国水产品出口的最大因素,给中国水产业带来一系列影响。随着发达国家对中国水产品的技术标准要求越来越高,技术标准的制定带有很强的随意性和不公正性。对此,中国应采取相应对策,建立健全HACCP质量控制体系和技术性贸易措施数据库;实施品牌战略;发挥行业协会作用,促进加工企业的技术进步;建立出口水产品的追溯管理制度,弱化或取消以关税为代表的传统贸易壁垒。     

详析HACCP体系在欧盟的应用

<正>为确保食品安全和保护消费者健康权益,欧盟在2004年制定了852/2004/EC法规《食品卫生规范》,规定食品生产加工企业应建立并实施HACCP体系。该要求不仅适用于欧盟成员国的食品生产企业,同样适用于生产出口欧盟食品的企业。此后,欧盟还陆续制定了2017/625、2019/624、2019/627法规,规定官方应对HACCP体系运行情况进行验证评估,同时强调对于官方监管人员的培训须特别关注基于HACCP原则的良好卫生操作和程序的审核。欧盟应用的HACCP体系在符合国际公认HACCP体系基本原则的基础上,也体现了欧盟的特色。为了帮助出口欧盟食品生产企业了解、建立、实施符合欧盟要求的HACCP体系,本文将对HACCP体系在欧盟的应用要求进行归纳和总结。     

出口食品企业应用HACCP体系的经济分析

作为控制食源性疾患的有效措施,HACCP体系是目前国际通行的最具权威性的针对食品生产全过程的安全预防监控体系,但在我国食品加工企业中的应用步伐较慢,应用范围和深度也有待于进一步提高。本文以出口企业为主体,采取会计计量法、对应分析法及实地调研等多种方式,对企业实施HACCP体系的成本和收益进行调研分析。研究表明,企业应用HACCP体系的收益滞后于投入,且不能在短时间全部显现;企业引入HACCP体系后,在产品市场占有率、产品附加值、管理水平等方面会有不同程度的提高。在食品企业中推行HACCP体系已成为国际共识,HACCP体系在我国的应用发展需要政府、生产者和消费者的共同努力。     

中小型食品企业冷链物流中实施HACCP存在的障碍分析

我国食品企业的主体是中小型食品企业，需要借助HACCP体系的建立和实施来促进其冷链物流管理目标的实现。在中小型食品企业实施HACCP对于促进企业的发展、提高企业形象以及有效控制食品安全都具有积极的意义。本文主要分析了实施该体系存在的障碍，为在中小型食品企业推广HACCP体系提供理论参考。     

HACCP体系建设与我国食品出口

起源于美国的HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points)食品监控体系已被许多国际组织所认可,同时被数十个国家所采用,尤其在水产品、肉类及果蔬加工业广泛应用。HACCP势必对我国食品出口产生重要影响,文章试对这一问题作一分析,在推进我国HACCP体系建设方面提几点建议,以期我国食品行业突破该技术壁垒,更好地进军国际市场。     

APEC成员国HACCP应用动态

HACCP为Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point的缩写,即危害分析和关键控制点。它要求企业在建立良好的操作规范(CMP)和卫生标准操作程序(SSOP)的基础上,按照HACCP执行文件进行工作。HACCP是一种控制食品安全的预防性体系。     

辽宁食品企业推进实施HACCP体系的研究

HACCP体系是目前国际公认的最佳食品安全控制模式,在中国也取得了长足的发展,但在辽宁食品企业中应用步伐较慢。本文以辽宁食品企业为主体,对实施HACCP体系的成本和收益进行归纳,分析了辽宁食品企业的特点,深入探讨了实施HACCP体系面临的问题,并提出建议。     

Market Orientation and Raw Material Control

Much of the existing literature on market orientation emphasizes the role played by the competencies of companies in selling products. However, in industries that rely on a natural resource sector for its primary input, another constraint may dominate: the limitations on supply of that input. We examine this issue in the context of a particular natural resource sector, the fishery, as a case study of the more general phenomenon. Using the example of Norway's apparent lack of market orientation as a supplier of fresh fish, the paper demonstrates how the characteristics of natural resource sectors as well as how public policies are used to manage those sectors may place significant roadblocks in the way of developing a market orientation by the industries that depend on those sectors for raw material. The paper notes that there has been an increased consumer demand for fresh fish, away from the frozen product. This, in principle, should lead to an increased need for a market orientation by sellers and closer relationships between the primary processors and the distributors of fresh seafood. However, several barriers, including those associated with fishery management, hinder this process. These include the presence of a structure where earnings from fishing are independent of quality, the seasonality of supplies in the raw fish markets, the way fish quotas are managed, the structure of first hand sales, and the underdeveloped relationships between supermarkets and the primary processors. In short, the analysis identifies critical linkages between fishery management and the marketing of seafood. Its broader contribution is to increased understanding of the interdependencies between the marketing of natural resource-based products and public management of that resource.     

Do Consumers Respond to Country-of-Origin Labelling?

Seafood was the first class of foods to fall under the 2002 US regulatory requirements for mandatory country-of-origin labelling (COOL). If this regulation created benefits for consumers, filling an information void by demanding information that the market did not, then there should have been an observable response in the demand for seafood. To gauge the impact, we examined markets most likely to respond. We estimated retail demand for shrimp, seafood that in the USA is largely sourced from Southeast Asia and has a history of raising food safety concerns. Our estimated demand systems included standard variables consistent with economic theory—price and expenditure changes, ongoing trends, and seasonality in consumption patterns. The demand systems also accounted for regulations that required country-of-origin labels for some, but not all, foods prior to COOL. Data came from a nationally representative panel of households that record retail food purchases, allowing us to construct relatively high-frequency market data suitable for testing for the presence of even short-lived impacts. Household demographic information allowed us to separately estimate demands by consumers most likely to respond to label information. The demand systems yielded reasonable price and expenditure elasticity estimates, but none of the variables related to COOL revealed evidence of an impact.     

Exploring the influence of family on adolescents’ seafood consumption choices

Seafood in the adolescent diet has many benefits, yet a number of adolescents do not consume the recommended levels. Despite this the consumption of seafood by younger consumers has received scant attention in the extant literature. Previous studies on adolescents’ food‐related behaviour tend to focus on general choice mechanisms or perceptions of food and mainly relate to fruit and vegetable intake. The present study seeks to address this gap through investigating the impact of family upon the consumption of seafood by younger consumers through exploring adolescents’ attitudes and behaviour in regard to eating seafood. Utilizing an exploratory qualitative methodology, seven focus groups of adolescents aged 13–19 years were conducted at two schools in South West England. Discussions covered a range of issues related to adolescent seafood consumption. The use of thematic content analysis found that the family, and parents in particular, exert high levels of influence over adolescents’ consumption of seafood both at home and when dining out. The parent who does the shopping and cooking has the greatest role. Sibling preferences and dietary choices also influence whether seafood is served in the home. Of value to researchers and management are the insights gleaned into the influences on adolescents’ attitudes towards and behaviour in regard to eating seafood. In particular, encouraging seafood consumption will rely upon interventions aimed at both parents and children and need to take into account adolescents’ diet and lifestyle preferences, while also acknowledging the influence of peers and the school food environment.     

Intel公司单片机及微处理器在测控系统中的应用

本文讨论用Intel公司的单片机及微处理器构成的大、中、小型测控系统。有数百个单片机、处理器构成的分布式热力网大型测控系统;有10～20单片机处理器组成的分布式四足步行机器人伺服控制系统;也有一个单片机组成的微型测控点。本文介绍十几种我们已开发出并付诸工程应用的系统,说明其简要原理及应用Intel的单片机的优点。     

HACCP管理体系的企业认知、实施现状及其扩散机制的路径选择——基于调查样本的实证分析

HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)是用于对某一特定食品生产过程进行鉴别评价和控制的一种系统方法。国际食品法典委员会(CAC)认为HACCP是迄今为止控制食源性危害的最经济、最有效的手段,近年来,HACCP已在全球得到了广泛推广。那么,我国食品企业采纳HACCP管理体系的情况如何?实施该管理体系时遇到的障碍因素有哪些?本文通过问卷调查,对HACCP体系在我国食品企业中的实施现状进行了分析,并提出了该管理体系在我国推广和扩散的政策建议。     

The Role of Habit,Childhood Consumption,Familiarity, and Attitudes Across Seafood Consumption Segments in Australia

Australian consumers hold very favorable attitudes toward seafood, with key drivers to consumption being taste, convenience, diet variety, and health benefits. Nevertheless, despite these positive attitudes, seafood consumption remains below many other countries. In this article, we investigate the influence of habit including regular childhood consumption, familiarity with seafood, and attitudes toward seafood on seafood consumption and consumption occasions. Habit and lack of familiarity with seafood were found to lead to lower levels of seafood consumption, whereas positive attitudes toward seafood were associated with more regular seafood consumption. People who consumed seafood on a regular basis as a child were more likely to be more familiar with seafood and be in the habit of consuming seafood in adulthood. Patterns of childhood consumption occasions were found to be associated with adult consumption occasions. Based on these findings, we discuss possible strategies and behavioral interventions for further investigation, which are grounded in habit theory and are aimed at changing seafood eating habits, increasing childhood consumption, and reducing the lack of familiarity with seafood.     

餐饮食品安全管理体系浅析

食品安全直接关系民生问题,但是近年来餐饮行业频频发生食物中毒事件早已引起了各级政府和消费群众的高度重视。本文结合HACCP提出一些食品安全管理体系的相关方针。     

Restaurant Fish and Seafood Utilization:

The study employs ordered probit analysis to measure the effects of restaurant characteristics on restaurant fish and seafood utilization in the United States. The study uses data from the 1988 Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (SRAX) restaurant survey. Restaurant size and regional location are found to be the important factors affecting fish and seafood utilization by restaurants. Size of restaurant is directly related to fish utilization. The probability of fish utilization is highest among restaurants in the New England and Mid-Atlantic regions and lowest among restaurants in the Mountain region.     

Factors affecting households’ seafood purchasing decisions in Auckland,New Zealand: an empirical analysis

This paper uses the binary choice model to identify the factors that are significantly influencing the household purchase decisions of seafood products for home consumption in Auckland, New Zealand. It is found that ‘quality’ and ‘cooking easiness’ are the main product attributes that significantly influence households’ choices of seafood in Auckland. Also, the representative household has shown a strong preference for fresh and other alternative seafood products, including processed, smoked and canned, over frozen products. Retail outlets are found to be more attractive to the household purchasing seafood for home consumption. The New Zealand seafood industry may find this baseline study useful as a guide to developing future research structure on the domestic market.     

Perceptions and preference for fresh seafood in an Australian context

Seafood as a whole food is highly nutritious. It is an important dietary source of protein, omega‐3 fatty acids and a wide array of highly bioavailable micronutrients. Despite the established health benefits associated with fish and seafood consumption, in Australia consumption levels still remain below those recommended for health. Although considerable research has been carried out on enablers and barriers to seafood consumption, the reasons Australian consumers do not consume recommended amounts of seafood while stating they would like to consume more seafood are complex and have not been fully illuminated. This paper reports on the development and results of a self‐administered questionnaire that aimed to identify consumer perceptions and preferences for fresh and frozen seafood. Data were collected through intercept surveys at an Australian university and 239 valid responses were received. Results confirmed respondent preference for fresh fish and seafood. There was significant confusion among respondents about what constitutes fresh seafood, with the term ‘fresh’ having different meanings to different respondents. Over half of respondents understood the term fresh to relate to seafood having been caught that same day. In comparison, approximately 15% understood fresh to reflect the accepted definition of having never been frozen. Additionally, results indicated respondents find it difficult to recognize if seafood is fresh, particularly in comparison with other meats. There is significant potential for the development of regulations for labelling of unpackaged seafood in order to allow consumers to make informed decisions about their purchases.