Perceived incentives to transdisciplinarity in a Japanese university research center

As a method of investigating complex socially relevant phenomena, transdisciplinary research (TDR) is gaining increasing centrality as a model of knowledge production. However, it is being discouraged by a scientific reward system based on disciplinary logic. The disincentive is even stronger for junior scholars who should be developing the capabilities necessary for achieving long-term scientific excellence.Building on theories of the coordination of scientific communities and using the case of a research center of Kyoto University investigating the boundary between cell and material sciences, we aim to disentangle the interplay between institutional incentives and intrinsic motivation in the prioritization of TDR over monodisciplinary research.We find that, despite strong interest in TDR among scientists and the center's mission to promote this orientation, only a minority of scientists prioritize this approach. Choice of research strategy is associated with its perceived benefits for idea generation, publication opportunities, intellectual effort required, the costs of team coordination, and satisfaction with organizational resources. Furthermore, the propensity to prioritize TDR drops among scientists beginning their careers.Therefore, we recommend the development of evaluation schemes grounded in activity-based measures and the granting of permanent positions to scientists pursuing TDR.     

Towards an orientation of higher education in the post Rio + 20 process: How is the game changing?

The purpose of this paper is to identify and assess the implications of sustainable development for the future orientation of higher education, especially after the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio + 20). A qualitative trend analysis is being used for this purpose, in the context of which three macro trends are combined: (1) higher education that has been developed via five periods; (2) sustainable development that has evolved through three stages; and (3) the nexus between sustainable development and higher education which has strengthened through three phases. The simultaneous analysis of the macro trends regarding their possible interactive effects (through an expert panel discussion) demonstrates that higher education and universities under the influence of sustainable development elements are entering into a new era in which the function of “higher education for sustainable development” could be interpreted as the seeds of a newly emerging mission for universities. In this regard, it is expected that the concept of “sustainable university” is likely to become more common to meet the emerging mission. Consistent with the Rio + 20 outcomes, the authors analyzed the concept of “sustainable university” and identified the fact that it is practically divided into three interrelated and complementary categories, namely social-, environmental-, and economic-oriented university in pursuit of actualizing sustainable development.     

我国高校人力资源管理研究

目前由于大多数高校仍未摆脱传统人事管理的束缚,在人力资源的管理过程中还存在着一些不容忽视的问题,不能满足国家和时代发展的需要。因此,有必要加强高校人力资源管理的理论与实践研究,在丰富和完善人力资源管理理论的同时,促进高校健康发展,奠定国家可持续发展的基础。     

从缺电谈电力企业的可持续发展

今年夏天严重的缺电现象已经给我国的经济发展带来了很大的危害,这种现象还将持续下去.由于供电与用电的特殊性,虽然有多种措施可以暂时缓解目前的困难,但从长远来看,都或多或少存在一定的局限性,需要通盘考虑后才能采取.目前所能采取的较为可行的措施是紧抓电力企业的可持续发展,也就要求现有的电力企业建立现代企业制度,大力推进企业创新.电力企业的创新要从观念、体制、战略、机制和科技五个方面进行.     

跨国公司在东道国环境实践的研究

当前,跨国公司在全球经济活动中居于主导地位,在推动经济迅猛增长的同时,其对生态环境可能产生的影响亦然引起人们的关注,本文基于\"跨界环境管理\"的概念,研究跨国公司在东道国可能进行的各种环境实践活动及促成它们的各种因素,为理解它们对东道国可持续发展所起的作用提供一个良好的视角.     

关于我国农业可持续发展的若干思考

农业可持续发展的理念是对传统的农业现代化思路的否定，它要求逐步改变形成于计划经济时代的旧的生产经营体制，这是一项长期，杂复和艰巨的任务，我们必须为此作不懈的努力。     

扶持风力发电发展循环经济

政府总理温家宝在今年的政府工作报告中提出了要大力发展循环经济.风能是取之不尽,用之不竭的清洁能源,扶持风力发电符合发展循环经济的要求,从我国的国情来看,扶持风力发电对于转向循环经济更是有着特殊的意义.本文论述了国内风力发电发展的现状和所存在的障碍,并提出了相应的政策建议.     

借鉴国际经验 完善我国消费税政策

随着可持续发展战略的普遍实施,消费税已成为各发达国家促进节能减排和减少健康危害的重要政策工具。本文介绍了主要发达国家消费税税制设计的特点和发展趋势,在此基础上提出了促进我国可持续发展消费税的政策建议。     

论人力资本股权化

随着生产力的迅猛发展和经济时代的变迁 ,人力资本要素将逐步成为经济发展的根本动力。如何激励企业人力资本所有者长期而有效的创新行为成为现代企业制度安排所要解决的主要问题 ,而其最佳的制度安排就是让人力资本所有者与物质资本所有者共同拥有企业的所有权 ,参与企业的收益分配。为此 ,本文提出人力资本股权化思路 ,并对其理论依据、政策依据、现实可行性以及具体的实施构想进行详细的论述。     

循环经济视角下企业的成本收益分析

从微观经济学的角度来讲,市场主体都具有自利性,企业应当遵循"成本最低,利润最大"的原则。循环经济则强调最有效地利用资源和保护环境,这样就会在很多方面增加成本。从循环经济视角下对企业的成本收益进行分析,就是要使企业的循环经济生产"有利可图",进而形成促进循环经济发展的自发机制。     

我国可持续发展道路的特殊性分析

坚持可持续发展之路已经成为当今世界人们的共识.作者认为,可持续发展是以环境资源为制约的经济发展,可持续发展的要求是经济发展到一定程度和阶段之后才出现的,具有明显的阶段性特征.与发达国家所走过的经济发展之路有所不同,中国现正处在工业化的初级阶段,一方面在一个相当长时间内必须以经济发展为第一要务;同时,必须坚持可持续的发展,走一条有别于西方发达国家的具有中国特色的可持续发展之路,这是中国作为一个发展中大国合理协调人与自然关系的必然选择.     

利率并非影响农村小额信贷可持续发展的关键因素——基于供求方双赢视角

本文采用博弈方法,基于农村小额信贷供求双方经济利益的视角,在农户自愿还贷的框架下,讨论银行自愿贷款所需条件,以寻求影响农村小额信贷可持续发展的本源因素。研究发现,只有通过降低银行发放小额贷款的成本、提高农业生产技术、提高农业生产要素配置效率、加强农村市场流通体系建设以及大力发展农业保险等举措才能从本源上解决小额信贷可持续发展的问题。     

Evaluating the use of an integrated forest land-use planning approach in addressing forest ecosystem services conflicting demands: Experience within an Irish forest landscape

There is an increasing demand for genuine public participation in Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) planning to address the various demands for forests to deliver a range of ecosystem services. However, as of yet, there are few developed and tested mechanisms to help authorities and stakeholders with diverse interests to effectively work together to reach a common goal. Integrated Forest Land-Use Planning (IFLUP) is an approach that has the potential to accommodate multi-stakeholders’ demands in the field of SFM planning. In this paper an IFLUP framework process that facilitates stakeholder participation in future-oriented SFM planning is explored. This framework combines scenario analysis and stakeholder collaborative learning. Its application in a case study area in the West of Ireland is outlined and its effectiveness in accommodating conflicting stakeholder demands on forest ecosystem services as well as its potential opportunities and challenges are evaluated.Based on the results and participants evaluation feedback of the IFLUP workshop outcomes, there was a shared view that the IFLUP approach has potential to address conflicting societal demands on forest ecosystem services within local forest landscapes. Likewise, collaborative learning process helps build trust and respect among stakeholder groups as well as improving the legitimacy and acceptance of SFM planning outcomes.     

Hope and anticipation in education for a sustainable future

Global sustainability problems pose serious challenges for humanity. In handling these problems education for sustainable development (ESD) is seen as important. Different key competences that ESD should focus on have been introduced, such as the ability to deal with future dimensions. Still, studies indicate that future dimensions are not always included in ESD and that many young people are pessimistic concerning the global future. Therefore, one could argue that a focus on anticipatory emotions, especially hope, should be included in ESD. There is a worry, however, that hope will lead to unrealistic optimism and/or less engagement. The aim of this paper is to problematize the discussion about hope in relation to ESD and the global future by grounding it in theories from different disciplines and in empirical research about young people, hope, and climate change. The review shows that hope is a complex, multifaceted, and sometimes contested concept. Hope can be related to denial, but in other cases it can help people face and do something constructive with their worries about the global future. The close relation between hope and trust is emphasized and a need for critical emotional awareness in ESD is argued for.     

Analysing the role of sustainable development indicators in accounting for and constructing a Sustainable Scotland

The main objective of this paper was to analyse how sustainable development indicators impacted upon the integration of sustainable development into the governing of Scotland. A major concern was whether an accounting technology could represent this complex multi-dimensional and interdisciplinary concept. We analysed the relationship between the official sustainable development strategy of the Scottish Executive and the associated indicator set using an analytics of government framework (Dean, M. (1999). Governmentality: Power and rule in modern society. London: Sage Publications. Dean, M. (2007). Governing societies. Berkshire: Open University Press). We observed a lack of alignment between these sustainable development indicators and the visions, fields of visibilities, forms of knowledge and techniques of government contained in this strategy. Critical aspects of this strategy were omitted from the indicator set and we argue that these indicators did not to effectively measure progress towards a Sustainable Scotland but that they could calculatively capture and distort the sustainable development governing process. The analytical framework used allowed us to problematise these indicators and contribute to a wider discourse on the composition and nature of sustainable development indicators.     

改进我国银行业人力资本投资与使用的思路设计

我国银行业人力资本投资及使用状况不甚理想,当前应从投资意识、投资方式、个人投资激励机制、人力资本使用等几方面进行改进。