A rigorous approach to business services offshoring and North–North trade

Advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) have gained economy-wide importance and raised concerns that even within North–North trade neither services nor high-skilled labour may be sheltered from international competition. Rather, both may be increasingly susceptible to offshoring. We present a novel theoretical framework for analysing offshoring with a focus on skilled labour in managing value-added chains. Thoroughly modelling demand and supply allows to explicitly track cause and effects. Accordingly, effects of business service offshoring are completely different and more diverse than those of material offshoring, with the effects inter alia depending on whether triggered by trade integration or ICT.     

知识产权保护与文化创意产品进口

文化创意产业被誉为21世纪的“朝阳行业”,在过去的十年间,经历了极为快速的发展,而知识产权保护与文化创意产品又有着天然而不可分割的关系。文章从知识产权保护的角度研究中国文化创意产品贸易,对于我国文化创意产业发展具有一定的现实意义。文章首先梳理了知识产权保护与国际贸易关系的相关文献,并报告了中国文化创意产品贸易与知识产权保护水平的现状,在引力模型的基础上,运用了18个发展中国家从20个发达国家进口文化创意产品的贸易数据,研究了知识产权保护力度对文化创意产品进口额的影响。研究表明,随着发展中国家提高知识产权保护力度,文化创意产品进口额也出现了增加的趋势。此外,文章使用了GDP和IPR的滞后一期作为工具变量以控制内生性问题,同样也得到了较为稳健的结果。     

中国服务贸易在世界地位的实证研究

近年来我国的服务贸易总量已经位居世界前列,那么是否服务贸易的竞争力也是名列前茅呢?为了对我国服务贸易的国际竞争力进行比较全面的分析和评价,笔者对我国服务贸易的进行了多角度的比较分析.首先,从其自身发展的过程来看,自2000-2010年我国服务贸易一直是不断处于增长,且其增速水平超过了世界服务贸易的平均增长水平,但是仍然处于逆差地位,贸易结构也是以传统的服务贸易为主,说明我国服务贸易一方面是由于我国经济的飞速发展对服务贸易进口的需求不断提高,另一方面也说明我国的服务贸易竞争力处于相对弱势地位,竞争力有待提高.同时,本文对2000-2010年期间服务贸易和货物贸易的发展作了比较,相对于货物贸易来说,我国服务贸易的发展还是相对落后,处于弱势地位.第二部分,本文运用了贸易竞争力指数、显性比较优势指数和显示性比较优势指数等指标对我国的服务贸易竞争优势进行定量分析,指标数据显示我国服务贸易的竞争力在世界处于弱势地位,其提升道路任重而道远.     

国际贸易与城市化的相关性及其贡献的计量研究

国际贸易与城市化均属于资源在空间和产业维度的配置过程,二者通过工业化发生联系.中国的工业化表现为劳动力的非农化,工业产值与城市化水平之间存在耦合关系.本文建立了开放条件下工业化内生决定的城市化模型,从而为计算国际贸易对城市化水平的贡献提供了比较静态的分析方法.研究表明,国际贸易是推动中国城市化快速发展的重要因素.     

Exploring policy options in joint intertemporal-spatial trade models using an incomplete markets approach

In this paper we discuss the desirability of service trade liberlization in the presence of incompleteness of markets where there is both inter-spatial and intertemporal trade between countries. We use numerical simulation methods for insights and relate our discussion to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) in the WTO. We interpret the absence of intertemporal trade as an absence of intermediation services provided by both domestic and foreign service providers. For simplicity, we consider extreme cases where intertemporal intermediation services can only be provided by domestic providers, so that when intertemporal trade in services is not allowed, markets are not complete. To our knowledge, this type of models is not used in the trade literature as general comparative statics results are unavailable. We first consider the liberalization of trade in financial services in an inter-spatial and intertemporal model of two countries, and we show how services liberalization can be welfare worsening in the presence of a tariff on spatial trade in goods. We show that this can hold in an artificial world with no domestic financial services provider. We compare financial service trade autarky in which there is no intermediation to financial service trade liberalization which involves costless intertemporal intermediation provided by foreign service providers. We also consider a more complex (and realistic) world where costly intermediation services can be provided by both domestic and foreign providers. This paper draws in part on material of an earlier paper, “Financial Services Trade Liberalization in A Joint Spatial Intertemporal Multi-Country Model” by Huang et al. (2004). We acknowledge the financial support from The Centre for Intentional Governance Innovation (CIGI), Waterloo, Canada and from National Social Science Foundation of China (SSFC Grant 07AJL002), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Grant 70825003) and “Humanities and Social Science” Major Project, Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant Number 07JJD790145).     

中国服务贸易竞争力分析——基于贸易竞争力指数的评价

中国加入WTO后,服务业和服务贸易面临着巨大机遇和挑战。为提升中国服务贸易的国际竞争力,在分析了中国服务贸易发展现状的基础上,基于贸易竞争指数评价法对中国服务贸易的国际竞争力进行了总体及分部门的国际比较,并根据指标的评价结果和相关影响因素分析,提出了一些提高中国服务贸易国际竞争力的对策建议。     

欧美和中国对技术性贸易壁垒的研究综述

鉴于技术性贸易壁垒对世界经济和国际贸易的重要影响,各国学者都对技术性贸易壁垒问题进行了大量研究,并取得了丰硕的成果,这为相关国家和地区的政策制定提供了很好的决策参考。欧美发达国家是技术性贸易壁垒的发祥地,也最早从事技术性贸易壁垒研究。早在19世纪60年代,欧共体就意识到技术性贸易壁垒对国际贸易的限制作用,并于1969年制定了《消除商品贸易中技术性壁垒的一般性纲领》,第一次提出了在国际贸易中制定技术性贸易壁垒的贸易规则。美国随之向GATT建议拟定关于技术性贸易壁垒的协议。我国虽然遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的案例早已有之,但…     

Optimal Environmental Tax and Level of Privatization in an International Duopoly

This paper explores the optimal environmental tax and level of privatization in an international duopolistic market. We show that when the government is able to control the environmental tax and the extent of privatization, the optimal environmental tax is lower than the standard Pigouvian level. We also show that the optimal level of privatization of state-owned enterprises is partial privatization. Further, the optimal level of privatization is inversely dependent on the cleanup cost of past environmental contamination.     

中国—东盟自由贸易区服务贸易发展的思考

服务贸易是中国—东盟自由贸易区发展的一项重要内容,中国和东盟各国应在加快服务贸易合作的基础上,通过保障服务贸易良好发展的一系列协议,采取不同策略逐步发展服务贸易,消除服务贸易中产生的摩擦,以实现中国—东盟自由贸易区服务贸易的快速发展。     

我国发展服务贸易的对策研究

随着服务业在我国产业结构中比重的增大,服务贸易在我国对外贸易中的地位也越来越重要。本文分析了我国服务贸易的发展现状,指出了我国服务贸易中存在的问题,并从参与国际竞争的角度,提出我国发展服务贸易的对策和建议。旨在使服务贸易在经济增长中发挥出更重要的作用。