中国旅游业全要素生产率增长的实证研究

中国旅游业自1978年以来持续经历了30多年的高速增长,其增长因素已经不再局限于单纯的资本和劳动力,技术进步也成为一个重要的内生变量.本文利用基于产出的非参数Malmquist指数法,对2000 - 2009年中国大陆(内地)地区30个省、直辖市和自治区旅游业全要素生产率增长状况进行了实证研究,认为:(1)剔除2003年“非典”疫情的极端影响,在2000 - 2009年间,技术进步是推动中国旅游业全要素生产率提高的主要力量;(2)虽然东部、中部和西部地区国民经济总体发展存在较大差异,但是旅游业全要素生产率增长并不存在显著差异;(3)东部旅游业市场化水平大幅提高,已经进入到产业结构升级转型的重要阶段;(4)中部地区旅游业全要素生产率的构成原因较为复杂,表明该地区旅游业发展水平较不均衡;(5)西部地区旅游业发展迅速,但是技术进步速度明显慢于东部地区,说明西部旅游产业结构亟待升级.     

我国农业上市公司全要素生产率的实证分析

以16家农业上市公司为样本,采用基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数及其分解方法,分析了农业上市公司的全要素生产率变化。结果表明,农业上市公司的年均Malmquist生产率指数总体下降,技术进步指数下降明显;进一步分解显示,纯技术效率变化指数略有提高,规模效率变化指数略有下降。     

河南省农业全要素生产率变动的实证分析

本文采用基于数据包络分析的Malmquist指数法,分析了河南省2000-2012年之间农业全要素生产率的变化,发现无论是河南省农业的整体发展,还是各地市的农业发展,综合技术效率对于TFP增加的作用不明显,技术进步才是农业TFP增长的主要动力,提出今后应加大财政补贴农业保险的力度,加快农业技术推广,进行土地规模集约化经营,以保持河南省农业生产率稳定持续快速增长.     

东、西部地区1996—2005年全要素生产率变动分析

文章在分析比较了全要素生产率不同估算方法的基础上,估算出了我国1996—2005年间东、西部地区的全要素生产率增长率,并对不同地区的全要素生产率增长和经济增长源泉做了简要分析。分析表明：实施西部大开发战略后,我国东部地区全要素生产率发展呈现一种相对下降的趋势;我国西部地区的全要素生产率呈现出一种相对上升的趋势,这种上升的趋势要好于东部地区下降的趋势。具体分析不同地区全要素生产率增长的源泉会发现,东部地区全要素生产率增长是技术进步和技术效率共同作用的结果,而西部地区的全要素生产率更多的是技术效率推动的结果。     

对中国、美国、欧洲原铝产业2000-2006年期间全要素生产率分析

文章运用基于Malmquist生产率指数的DEA分析方法,对2000-2006年期间中国、美国和欧洲原铝产业投入量和产出量面板数据进行对比分析。分析表明：2000-2006年期间中国、美国和欧洲原铝产业Malmquist生产率指数呈现不同程度的增长,但增长原因有所不同,中国原铝产业生产率的增长对技术效率依赖度较大,美国原铝产业生产率的改善主要得益于技术变化的进步,欧洲则是因为技术效率和技术进步的共同贡献。     

互联网发展对服务业全要素生产率的影响研究

文章分析了互联网发展对服务业全要素生产率的作用机理,并采用2008—2019年全国省级面板数据实证检验了互联网发展对服务业全要素生产率的影响效应。研究表明：互联网发展对服务业全要素生产率具有促进作用,互联网发展水平的提升能够促进服务业全要素生产率的提高;互联网发展对服务业全要素生产率的促进作用存在地区差异,对中、西部地区服务业全要素生产率的促进作用比东部地区更大;互联网的发展对服务业技术进步和服务业技术效率均具有促进作用,且对服务业技术进步的促进作用更大。     

中国钢铁行业全要素生产效率实证分析

基于动态DEA的非参数Malmquist指数法,分析了1992～2007年中国28个省市钢铁行业全要素生产率以及七大经济区钢铁行业全要素生产率变动情况,并将全要素生产率的变动分解为技术进步、纯技术效率、规模效率三个指标,分析了这三个指标对中国钢铁行业全要素生产率的影响。结果显示,中国钢铁行业TFP的增长主要是由技术进步推动的,当技术进步促进TFP提升时,总会受到技术效率相对下降对TFP增长的抑制;七大经济区钢铁行业全要素生产率存在明显级差,低效经济区学习和追赶高效经济区的效应也应该发挥更大作用;钢铁产业各经济区产能应实现在高效率地区的相对集中,获取行业的规模经济;各经济区都应该注重钢铁行业管理水平的提高,突破钢铁行业能效提高的技术效率瓶颈。     

创新主体对研发全要素生产率的影响实证研究

利用非参数的Malmquist生产率指数方法研究了1999-2008年我国研发全要素生产率(TFP)的变动及其分解,在对TFP变动的时序特征及地区差异进行比较分析的基础上,考察了公共和企业创新对研发TFP的影响。研究表明:我国研发TFP的增长主要是由技术效率推动的,技术进步改善的作用相对有限,研发技术进步与技术效率显著负相关,地区之间研发TFP增长率也存在显著差异;公共和企业研发对研发TFP的影响均为负,且企业研发对TFP增长的负面效应大于公共研发。     

中国保险业全要素生产率研究

基于非参数的Malmquist指数方法,本文对我国1999～2006年间保险业的全要素生产率变化状况进行了动态分析,针对众多的研究方法都存在决策单元规模报酬不变假定,以及决策单元向生产前沿面逼近路径只能选择径向,即仅考虑投入或产出变化情况的缺陷,本文提出修正的Malmquist指数模型.实证发现,中国保险业全要素生产率在1999～2006年问有所提高,其中"追赶效应"较为明显而"增长效应"还未完全显现,这说明保险机构更加注重提高自身技术效率水平而非创新能力提高生产的有效性,依然没有处理好效率进步与技术进步的关系,保险机构需要进一步提升技术创新的能力.     

中国区域乡镇企业全要素生产率增长的实证研究

笔者基于2002年～2010年中国大陆各省区乡镇企业的面板数据,采用Malmquist生产率指数法,对中国乡镇企业全要素生产率(TFP)的增长来源、差异与变化趋势进行了实证分析.结果表明,考察期内中国乡镇企业TFP平均增长率为-6.6％,东、中、西部乡镇企业TFP增长存在显著的地区差异,目前应注重乡镇企业的规划、管理及区域间的协调发展.     

Road to productivity: Effects of roads on total factor productivity in Indian manufacturing

A denser road network lowers transport costs and stimulates manufacturing total factor productivity (TFP). The placement of roads, however, is likely to be non-random. For identification, we exploit cross-state variation in the strength of centre-state partisan alignment that asymmetrically affects road building in aligned states. Using panel data on manufacturing establishments in India from 1998 to 2012, we find that, a 1% increase in road density raises value-added TFP by about 0.25%, on average. A closer examination reveals that the effect varies by plant characteristics and road type. Younger establishments are more likely to gain from a denser road network with highways playing a prominent role. The results are robust to imperfections in the instrument and to other sensitivity checks.     

The sources of total factor productivity growth: Evidence from Canadian data

A dynamic general equilibrium model is constructed and used to identify sources of total factor productivity growth in Canada and to quantify their importance. The model also provides procedures for constructing measures of technological progress. We find that periods of low productivity growth correspond to periods of high growth in investment-specific technology (IST) or high rates of technology embodiment. For example, the growth rate of IST was relatively high between 1974 and 1996. The higher growth rate of IST during this period should have increased the rate of productivity growth by an estimated 0.29 percentage points, ceteris paribus. Yet, productivity growth slowed. Why?     

Improving the estimation of total factor productivity growth: capital operating time in a latent variable approach

Measuring labor and capital services accurately is essential to obtaining reliable estimates of production functions and total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Using data on the operating time of capital, a series that exists for the French business sector, greatly improves the measurement of effective capital services in production. The ensuing estimation results are consistent with Cobb–Douglas technology under constant returns to scale, with the factor elasticities not statistically different from their income shares. In the same framework, TFP growth is estimated as a latent variable and found to be less volatile than accounting residuals, negatively correlated with employment, and free of cyclicality. It is statistically best estimated as a first-order autoregressive process, with an autoregressive coefficient of 0.95. Total factor productivity growth was estimated to have declined steadily between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, but the rate of decline has diminished since then.     

Analysis on total factor productivity of Chinese provincial economy

This paper applies the nonparametric DEA-Malmquist index approach to estimate total factor productivity growth, efficiency change and the rate of technological progress from 1979 to 2003. This is done to conduct analysis on the total factor productivity of China’s provincial economy. Analysis on the evolution of distribution dynamics of relative labor productivity, relative total factor productivity, relative efficiency and relative technological progress is done by using kernel density estimation for the period from 1979 to 2003 in 29 provinces of China. Our analysis indicates that disparities of provincial economic growth are large and have been increasing owing to the relatively large and increasing disparities of total factor productivity growth especially the rate of technological progress. __________ Translated from The Journal of World Economy (世界经6D4E;), 2005, (5) (in Chinese)     

Technical change and total factor productivity growth for Swedish manufacturing and service industries

This article presents alternative specifications of the production functions of a large panel of Swedish firms for the period 1992 to 2000. The period can be characterized as a transition when long-run productivity growth in the Swedish economy improved from being among the weakest to one of the strongest within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In order to present a detailed exploration of this dramatic change, the time trend and general index models are applied to estimate Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth, rate of technical change and returns to scale. The models are extended to allow for firm specific as well as time-varying technical change. The parametric TFP measures are also compared with the nonparametric Solow residual, and several hypotheses are tested to explain the growth patterns in the Swedish economy. It is found that the improved growth rate, initially starting in large exporting manufacturing firms, after a deep economic crisis at the beginning of the 1990s, spilled over to the rest of the economy, both manufacturing and services.     

碳强度约束下的区域物流产业效率测算——基于环境DEA技术的Malmquist-Luenberger指数方法

基于2004-2011年中国30个省区物流业的面板数据,应用环境DEA技术和方向距离函数方法,对碳强度约束下中国物流业全要素生产率的增长来源与区域差异进行实证分析。结果表明:碳强度约束下的物流业全要素生产率年均增长率达1.9%,高于不考虑碳约束情形;碳强度约束下的物流业生产率指数与碳强度目标吻合,物流业全要素生产率改进,碳强度下降;物流业生产率的提升主要依赖物流技术进步和创新;碳强度约束下东部地区物流业生产率存在趋同性,中部地区差异在扩大,西部地区则在缩小。     

'Total factor productivity vs. realism' revisited: the case of the South Korean steel industry

This paper presents key features of the development of the SouthKorean steel industry through the critical examination of anarticle by Truett and Truett. Despite their claim to exhibit‘realism’ by use of a translog cost function, theirmethodology has strong affinities with the methods of measuringtotal factor productivity growth, which have long been knownas invalid but continue to be applied not least to the experienceof East Asian countries. It will be argued that the theoreticaland empirical flaws involved with these methods invalidate theirresults and corresponding policy implications. Above all, byshowing that the assumptions for their calculation do not holdin terms of the economic conditions of the industry, the paperpoints to a different understanding of ‘realism’than that conceived by and for their study.     

The influence of Flexible Manufacturing Technology adoption on productivity of Malaysian manufacturing industry

This paper investigates the influence of the adoption of Flexible Manufacturing Technology (FMT) on the Total factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) of Malaysia Manufacturing Industry. The Principal Component Analysis has been adopted to extract the most appropriate underlying dimensions of FMT to use in place of the eight FMT variables owing to the potential multicollinearity. The study has been conducted within FMT intensively adopted 16 three-digit industries that encompass 50 five-digit industries covering the years 2000–2005. The results obtained from the two situations, one, including the industry fixed effects dummy variables and the other without these, are contrasted. It is established that the model that included the industry fixed effect dummy variables has a greater explanatory power. The two principal components that account for the greater variation in FMT show positive and moderately significant relationship with TFPG. The study provides sufficient evidence to conclude that FMT has a direct and moderately significant relationship with TFPG.     

环境约束下中国造纸产业全要素生产率分析

文章基于中国、美国和日本等11个国家造纸产业的相关投入产出数据,利用数据包络分析法(DEA)对11国的造纸产业的生产效率水平进行了分析。根据环境规制的特征,通过应用Malmquist方法测算了环境规制之下中国以及其他10个国家2000-2008年的生产率及其成分,并与不考虑环境因素的传统全要素生产率进行对比研究。研究结果表明：考虑环境管制后11个国家的造纸工业平均全要素生产效率是下降的;具体每个国家而言,考虑环境管制后美国、奥地利和中国的全要素生产率比不考虑环境规制要高,而其他八个国家的全要素生产率则是下降。根据研究结论,文章认为促进中国造纸产业的发展主要从三方面着手：一是进一步促进中国造纸产业的工业规模化发展;二是加快造纸产业技术创新;三是提高企业的生产管理水平。