外汇管理局广东省分局负责人就国际收支申报有关问题答记者问

记者:国际收支统计申报制度是何时实行的,它有什么意义? 负责人:国际收支统计申报制度是从1996年1月1日起开始实行.1995年8月,经国务院批准,中国人民银行以行长令的形式公布了<国际收支统计申报办法>.该制度对推动外汇管理体制改革,健全和完善我国宏观经济监测体系具有十分重要的意义.国际收支统计申报制度强调了进行国际收支申报是涉外交易主体应尽的义务,明确规定凡是通过我国境内银行办理涉外收付款的行为,都必须进行国际收支申报.     

饱含深情回顾历史 热情洋溢展望未来——记国家外汇管理局国际收支统计申报十周年座谈会

4月26日，国家外汇管理局在北京召开了国际收支统计申报十周年座谈会，从而拉开了国际收支统计申报十周年纪念活动的帷幕。座谈会邀请了国际收支司历任司长、当年参加过国际收支统计申报制度设计的同志及部分在国际收支统计申报岗位工作了十年的银行和外汇局代表，共同回顾了十年来我国国际收支统计申报工作发展历程。国家外汇管理局副局长李东荣出席会议并讲话。     

国际收支统计申报与外汇管理“双赢”的现实性

长期以来，外汇局国际收支统计申报工作与外汇管理工作井水不犯河水，国际收支统计申报系统只能用于编制国际收支平衡表及相关国际收支统计，功能单一，信息利用率不高，造成资源浪费。实际上，国际收支统计申报工作与外汇管理工作存在着千丝万缕的联系。这表现在：国际收支统计与外汇管理的总目标都是维持我国国际收支平衡、维护汇率稳定；外汇管理的内容与国际收支的统计分类是完全一致的，出口收汇、进口付汇、非贸易外汇、外商投资和外债管理均在国际收支统计中得以反映；国际收支统计数据和外汇管理业务统计数据的基础信息来源都是企业。     

中国与德国国际收支统计申报体系的比较及启示

国际收支统计是我国国民经济统计四大账户之一,也是唯一的外部统计账户,综合反映了一国对外经济状况,是进行宏观经济决策的重要依据。我国于1980年恢复了在国际货币基金组织的合法席位,开始建立国际收支统计体系,但真正意义地国际收支统计申报制度起步于1995年。德国的国际收支统计始于二战以后,领先于我国几十年,体系建设较为成熟。本文将从国际收支统计数据采集、统计方法、结构体系、核查制度四个方面对我国与德国国际收支统计申报体系进行比较,由此得出对我国国际收支统计申报体系建设的启示。     

完善国际收支统计监测手段充分发挥预警功能

国际收支管理是宏观经济管理的重要组成部分。随着形势的发展，我国现行的国际收支统计申报系统出现了许多问题，迫切需要进一步改进。本重点分析了影响当前国际收支统计申报预警功能发挥的障碍，在此基础上探讨了充分发挥国际收支统计申报预警功能的对策。     

提高国际收支统计申报质量

国际收支统计是国家宏观经济决策的重要信息基础。20多年来,我国逐步建立了完善的国际收支统计申报体系,形成了较为规范的申报操作程序,国际收支统计的及时l=生、全面性和准确性不断提高。但随着我国对外开放程度和外汇改革的不断加深,国内外形势的发展越来越需要对国际收支和跨境资金交易进行更广范围和更深程度的统计监测,因而对统计申报数据质量提出了更高的要求,也增加了国际收支统计申报工作的难度。     

贸易信贷数据质量校验报告

2006年,为了普及国际收支统计知识,加强国际收支申报的自觉性,提高国际收支统计人员的水平,国家外汇管理局国际收支司主办,《中国外汇》杂志社、中国外汇网承办了“国际收支统计申报十周年征文活动”。本刊将于本期和下期摘登部分优秀稿件,与您分享作者们在国际收支统计申报工作中的喜怒哀乐和收获。     

国际收支统计申报存在的问题与建议

国际收支统计申报存在的问题与建议梁奕清《国际收支统计申报办法》自１９９６年１月１日施行以来，我们在实际操作中遇到了一些问题。现反映如下：１、从境外汇入人民币资金，是否属于国际收支统计范围。《国际收支统计申报办法》规定，不论何种币别，只要是中国居民与非...     

国际收支统计申报存在的问题

国际收支统计申报中存在五大问题亟待解决。一是政策法规理解上存在不一致。新旧版《通过金融机构进行国际收支统计申报的业务操作规程》都要求银行解付或贷记入账后进行申报或统计,各银行理解为,涉外收入只要没有解付入账,就不需要统计和申报。二是银行服务创新造成申报主体申报义务流     

人行大悟县支行注重提升国际收支统计人员素质

首先是按照国际收支统计申报的原则要求，认真制定出考核国际收支统计申报工作质量的奖惩办法，并依照该办法分别要求辖内外汇银行签订责任书；其次是稳定国际收支统计申报业务人员队伍，由外汇银行遴选，外汇部门建立业务档案，以便加强跟踪管理；再其次是本着“培训上岗、执证上岗、规范上岗”的原则，先后3次采取现场技术练兵与书面业务知识答题等方式，积极加强对外汇银行国际收支统计申报业务人员的业务培训，     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.