Just-in-time: maximizing its success potential

The effective implementation and use of JIT manufacturing practices depends largely on the education, training, and commitment of all levels of management to a fundamental quality-first policy. Management must transfer and demonstrate that commitment to every level and extension of the manufacturing endeavor. As a company establishes and reaches toward that goal, the move to JIT manufacturing practices becomes rational and justifiable. Failing to establish and commit to a quality directive greatly diminishes the potential benefits of JIT. If all levels of manufacturing participate in the JIT planning, implementing, and maintenance procedure, the realization of positive change and improvement drives the process. Total participation makes the task of JIT implementation not only possible, but practical. Enhanced mutual respect for all concerned is a likely consequence, advancing the productive environment.     

Just-in-time purchasing: a case study

This article presents a case study on how Hutchinson Technology Incorporated (HTI) organized and implemented just-in-time (JIT) purchasing.     

Just-in-time inventory systems innovation and the predictability of earnings

Firms that adopt just-in-time (JIT) inventory practices do so in order to realize cost savings and improve product quality, but an unexpected benefit to such firms could be a more predictable earnings stream. We examine the relationship between implementation of just-in-time inventory practices and the predictability of future quarterly earnings for a matched-pair sample of 82 firms, half of which have publicly announced that they have adopted JIT inventory practices. We find that one- and four-step-ahead forecasts of quarterly earnings, using either a Brown–Rozeff [Journal of Accounting Research (1979) 179–189] ARIMA or a seasonal random walk expectation model, are more accurate for the firms that have adopted JIT.     

城市基础设施领域公私伙伴关系分析

结合我国基础设施领域的改革趋势,通过对城市基础设施领域公私伙伴关系的探讨,对该领域的改革取向和制度安排问题进行了相关分析.     

城市基础设施经营机制的改革--市场化

我国城市基础市政公用设施供给不足,另一方面建设资金严重匮乏,投资结构不尽合理,制约了它的发展.城市基础设施经营机制的改革--市场化势在必行.市场化意味着城市基础设施产品和服务可以由政府以外的经济主体来投资建设和经营,并向公众提供.但是政府要对其进入条件、价格合理性、产品的技术质量等进行适当的干预.     

浅议城市基础设施的有效供给

以城市基础设施的有效供给为主线,对"经营城市"的利弊、供给主体的选择、举债规模的确定、建设方式的创新等方面,逐一展开论述.提出若要实现城市基础设施的有效供给,应当加强政府的主导作用;应当确立决策与投资相统一的供给主体,而不能简单地进行公司化运作;需要对地方政府负债规模进行合理控制,而不能无限制地盲目负债;应当采用有效竞争与对管网空间适度垄断相结合的建设方式,既要打破垄断,又要防止恶性竞争.     

关于加强基础设施建设投资的若干问题

认为加大基础设施建设投资不仅是因为基础设施是城市赖以生存和发展的重要基础,是城市社会经济发展的龙头,是推动城市化进程的重要环节,更重要的是由基础设施建设促进的城市化必然产生实际的、长久的社会需求。在中国实现经济转型的多种路径选择中,加强城市基础设施的投入仍然是现实的和重要的途径。要把握基础设施准公共物品的基本特点,坚持政府在基础设施投入过程中的主导作用,坚持走以城镇基础设施投入推动城市化的路径。     

Productivity impacts of infrastructure development in Asia

This study investigates the impact of infrastructure capital on total factor productivity in selected Asian countries. The scope of the assessment is broadened by exploring the effect of infrastructure development on sectoral differences in total factor productivity. The study calculated the total factor productivity over the period 2006–2016 for 16 manufacturing industries in 19 Asian countries. Further, the impact of lagged infrastructure and endowment is also explored with an eye toward improving different infrastructural measures. The empirical findings show that lagged infrastructure and endowment exert a positive and significant impact on infrastructural improvement. The impact of telecommunications, road, and power infrastructure on sectoral productivity is investigated by applying the fully modified ordinary least squares estimation technique to control the endogeneity problem associated with infrastructure provision. Overall, the empirical findings show that infrastructure provision, particularly the provision of telecommunications and power, is an important factor for explaining patterns of comparative advantage, whereas the provision of roads is important to explain patterns of absolute advantage. The results further indicate that road infrastructure is more important for low technology-intensive industries, while power infrastructure is crucial for high technology-intensive industries.     

Airport infrastructure spillovers in a network system

Airports in the US air transport network have become increasingly congested, leading to delays for business travelers and freight shipments. Since disruptions in one part of the network exacerbate problems throughout the system, airport infrastructure expansions to enhance air traffic flows confer travel-time savings and reliability benefits, and thus increased worker productivity and shipping efficiency for manufacturing firms. We evaluate such spillovers, and find that higher own-state airport infrastructure implies lower manufacturing costs from both labor- and materials-savings. Airport expansion in connected states has a comparable effect for states with hub airports, and an even greater impact for other states.     

对城市基础设施本质特征的探讨

作者运用政治经济学的基本原理 ,分析了城市基础设施的本质特征 ,指出城市基础设施具有非生产性和生产性双重特征。     

绿色基础设施与城市蔓延控制

美国的绿色基础设施是保护土地资源和控制城市蔓延的开放空间网络,代表着一种较新的精明保护思想.在系统论述其概念原理、研究方法和实施管理途径的基础上,探讨了绿色基础设施理论对我国相关研究和保护规划的借鉴价值.     

Dynamic appraisal of infrastructure investments

The assessment of the reciprocal impacts of infrastructure investments and their socio-economic environment requires that a number of such aspects be simultaneously considered. Some of those aspects, however, have not been traditionally incorporated in such assessments due (in part) to the limitations inherent in the techniques utilized in current practice. This paper presents a conceptual framework for the use of dynamic simulation in the assessment of packages of infrastructure investments. The concepts are then applied to case studies involving the evaluation of coordinated sets of infrastructure projects in rural areas.     

我国城市基础设施现代化水平综合评价研究

城市基础设施的优劣直接关系到城市居民生产和生活的环境,更是城市投资环境的重要组成部分.因此,加强城市的基础设施的现代化建设,努力改善城市环境,提高城市的运转效率是现代城市的迫切需要.文章构建了新的评价指标体系,利用主成分分析和特尔斐法分别建立评价函数,对我国主要城市的基础设施水平进行综合评价,在验证了主成分分析和特尔斐法用于城市基础设施水平评价的可行性的基础上,发现我国城市基础设施的发展水平具有从沿海向内陆地区梯度递减的趋势和规律,具体表现为东南沿海新兴开放城市的水平最高,其次为基础较好、有悠久历史的老牌城市,再次为内陆和东北省会城市.     

印度基础设施及公共服务领域的公私合作

通过分析印度近年来在基础设施或公共服务领域取得的发展,为包括我国在内的众多发展中国家提供了有益的经验和借鉴.     

基础设施“建设—回购”模式法律风险分析

近年来我国城市基础设施建设中大量运用了BT模式,但在实践中由于运作不规范等原因,BT模式在合法性、合同主体、项目所有权、回购担保等方面都存在较大的法律风险;认为要化解这些风险,必须进一步完善相关法律制度和合同条款,提高项目参与方的法律意识,纠正项目实施中不合法、不合规的做法。     

论基本建设中财务管理控制现状与对策

基本建设是一般单位都常常会涉及的重要财经实务问题。近年来,随着单位基本建设项目的增多,其基本建设财务管理也暴露出了一些缺陷,针对这些存在的问题,引入现代财务管理理念,加强其财务管理控制,对于提高行政事业资金的使用效益有其现实意义。     

市级科技基础条件平台的设计与实现

应用ASP、ACCESS、WEB交互技术设计和实现常德市科技基础条件平台,对推动常德科技进步,促进常德经济和社会的发展具有重要的战略意义。文章介绍了平台建设的主要内容和实现技术,为其它市的科技基础条件平台的建设提供了参考。     

城镇化战略与城建投融资体制改革

1　我国城镇化发展的基本情况实施城镇化战略 ,是我国现代化建设的重要任务。也是实现我国经济社会发展第三步战略目标的重要举措之一。城镇作为一定地域的政治、经济和科技文化的中心 ,在国家经济和社会发展中起着主导作用。据统计 ,目前全国工业产出的 50 % ,国内生产总值的70 % ,国家税收的 80 % ,第三产业增加值的85% ,高等教育和科研力量的 90 %以上都集中在设市城市。国家的现代化离不开城镇化 ,国家综合国力的提高 ,需要不断增强城市的综合竞争力。改革开放以来 ,我国的城镇化有了较大提高。 1 978— 1 998年的 2 0年间 ,我国的城市…