Europe and the joint venture frenzy

As the European community draws nearer to unifying its markets by 1992, smart American companies are entering into joint ventures with European firms. For these companies, digging a foothold into what will be the world's largest market is just too crucial to put off to a later date.     

Evolution of an international joint venture: The case of a French‐Brazilian joint venture

Considering the situation of low performance of joint ventures, a certain number of studies have concluded that there is a close relationship between the initial conditions of creation of joint ventures and their success or failure. Nevertheless, other explanatory factors can be identified through dynamic analysis of the joint venture. For this purpose, on the basis of the case of the Franco‐Brazilian Algar‐Bull joint venture in the information technology sector, from its creation in 1983 to its dissolution in 1998, the aim of our research is to study the influence of external evolution processes ( partners' adaptive strategies and changes in environmental constraints) on the success or failure of a joint venture. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

变革—从东风天龙下线看东风与日产合资变化

5月18日，以东风天龙为代表的东风新一代重卡系列产品隆重发布。东风商用车公司党委书记、副总经理黄刚向新闻界介绍说，东风天龙背后的故事是一个关于东风商用车变革的故事，这个变革包括产品技术的变革、流程和运营的变革、企业文化的变革。     

Unlocking joint venture potentials in China

The purpose of this article is to address the various issues and strategies related to the creation and management of joint ventures in China. Among the major issues and strategies are: finding suitable partners and locations; negotiating feasible contracts; creating cohesive leadership; understanding the constant changes in Chinese accounting and tax systems; and managing human resource challenges. The problems with cultural differences in management and bureaucratic red-tape have also been highlighted. Examples of successes and failures are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

New directions for international retail joint venture research

Abstract

This paper contends that a range of questions arising from the geographical and organizational dynamics of international retail joint ventures have been bypassed by studies in the international retail field. It argues that, despite its importance as a corporate growth strategy, comparatively less is known about the way in which retailers have employed joint ventures in international markets. Based on a review of the literature and illustrated with examples of international retail joint venturing activity, this paper reveals several gaps in our understanding of the internationalization process of retail firms. Suggestions for further research are made throughout the paper on the basis of gaps in the retailer internationalization literature.     

Performance effects of alternative joint venture resource responsibility structures

This study examines the relationship between the acquirers of a joint venture's (JV's) resources and the JV's performance in achieving its partners' goals. Research data were collected through surveys of 83 U.S. firms involved in manufacturing JVs to examine the differential impact of alternative resource responsibility structures on JV performance. The analysis shows that JVs receiving a variety of resources from both partners outperform JVs where JV management is responsible for securing its own resources, and outperform JVs receiving resources primarily from a dominant partner. The implications of the study's results for theory development, future research, and practicing managers are discussed.     

Equity ownership and management control in Sino-foreign joint venture hotels

This article investigates the ownership-control relationship among China international joint ventures in the hotel industry. The findings indicate that equity ownership by foreign partners strongly affects their control over staffing and strategic management activities. This relationship is robust among hotels of different size and star ratings. However, these relationships, though they are not as strong as suggested, can be mediated by country effect. Foreign partners from Hong Kong, Singapore and Japan tend to acquire higher level of ownership and control on joint venture hotels in China, whereas foreign partners from the United States, Canada, and Europe are not.     

PetroChina sets up joint venture with Venezuela nationaloil company

The government ruled out any immediate increase in fuel prices on May 8 despite increasing market speculation about a possible hike, top pricing officials said. Officials at the National Development and Reform Commission （NDRC） said the recent oil price rise on the global market indicated that the domestic fuel prices should be raised.     

China approves expansion of Sinopec-BASF joint venture in E China

China Petrochemical Corporation （Sinopec）, the country＇s largest oil refinery, announced on July 7 that the Chinese govern- ment has approved the feasibility study report on the expansion of the joint venture between its listed subsidiary Sinopec and Ludwig-shafen-headquartered BASF in east China＇s Naniing city.     

基于子公司角色演化的跨国公司创新研究

在经济全球化和竞争复杂化的背景下,跨国公司创新的途径逐渐转变为通过信息的相互传递,采取有效的控制与协调手段,实现母子公司和子公司间的整合,从而寻求竞争优势并提高跨国公司的国际竞争力,由此也带来跨国公司子公司角色发生根本性变化,子公司演变为母公司创新的源泉之一.本文在分析子公司创新的优势以及创新传播的困难的基础上,提出了母公司吸收、整合和传播子公司创新的方法,并从在华子公司的视角为我国合资企业如何最大化利用子公司创新提供对策建议.     

对合资广告公司在华发展的思考

上世纪80年代．跨国广告公司为了能够服务于国际客户．纷纷合作,换取市场准入。1986年．美国电扬广告公司与中国公司正式拉开了跨国广告公司进入中国大陆广告市场的序幕。截止2008年,全球五大广告集团都在中国设立了分公司。     

Establishing a successful Sino-foreign equity joint venture: the Singapore experience

Based on the findings of a questionnaire survey of 132 Sino-Singaporean equity joint ventures (EJVs) and personal interviews of senior level executives from 35 firms involved in EJVs, this paper analyzed four issues: first, criteria employed by Singaporean firms to select their prospective Chinese partners; second, relationships between Singaporean parent firms’ ownership, their right to appoint officers to key EJV positions, their level of control over EJVs, and their satisfaction level with EJV performance; third, relationships between Singaporean and Chinese partners; last, strategies employed by Singaporean parent firms to run their EJV operations.     

中外合资医疗机构对国内医疗事业的影响

医疗卫生行业的改革速度将在未来5年中超过其他行业，中国医疗市场将出现前所未有的变化。中外合资机构进入中国．国内医疗市场形成了新的医疗市场格局．给国内医疗事业带来了新的竞争和新的发展。     

Do culturally distant partners choose different types of joint ventures?

Studies of international joint ventures yield conflicting results when looking at the role played by cultural distance. We argue that managers understand the problems associated with cultural distance and seek to mitigate its impact by selecting certain types of joint ventures. Using Das and Teng's [Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. (2001). A risk-perception model of alliance structuring. Journal of International Management, 7(1): 1–30] typology of unilateral and bilateral alliances to categorize a sample of ventures based on their strategic focus, our results indicate that greater cultural distance is associated with an increased probability that a marketing or supplier alliance will be formed and a lower probability that an innovation-oriented alliance will be formed.     

Disseminative capacity and knowledge acquisition from foreign partners in international joint ventures

We developed a theoretical model that examines the impacts of a foreign parent’s disseminative capacity on knowledge transfer to International Joint Ventures (IJVs). We tested our model with data from 199 IJVs in South Korea. We found empirical support for our arguments that the foreign parent firm’s codification and articulation ability, willingness to share knowledge, and frequent and effective use of communication channels determined the extent of knowledge acquisition by the local IJV partners.     

Global supply network embeddedness and power: An analysis of international joint venture formations

As a subset of the international business literature, cross-border equity based partnerships have drawn significant academic attention. In the context of inter-firm partnerships, the power dynamics between parties and the implications that power has on the relational dynamics between firms is an important consideration. Research that connects power with network theory has recently emerged, suggesting that the network, as a source of power, plays a significant role in inter-firm dynamics. Yet, while there has been a substantial body of work either articulating the antecedents and consequences of power, little research has paid attention to the role that power plays in international JV formations; this presents a significant gap in the international business literature. Consequently, this study investigates the role that global network structure plays in the formation of new equity based international partnerships. Secondly, it contributes to the international JV literature by developing and testing a theoretical framework that examines inter-firm power dynamics as derived from the network position of each firm in the global network. Global network prominence, brokerage and weakness are key factors utilized in the analysis. The hypotheses are tested using a global manufacturing joint venture longitudinal dataset that contains 985,689 observations from 1985 to 2003. The results of the event history analysis indicate that for the manufacturer global network prominence, brokerage and weakness play an important role in new joint venture formations. On the other hand, only global network prominence is a significant factor for the potential partner.     

Considering a joint venture with the Russians? what you can expect

Despite recent economic reforms in the Soviet Union, significant problems remain for prospective Western venture participants, like restrictions on the use of hard currency and unanswered questions about venture dissolution. Study the obstacles–as well as the opportunities–before you leap.