The environmental crisis in the third world

The destruction of the environment Is not a threat to Industrialised countries alone but also to those strenuously endeavouring after economic progress. Development efforts are often accompanied by disastrous effects for the environment. In view of such gloomy aspects a new development strategy is to be conceived.     

FRG and GDR in the third world

Together with its “Report on the State of the Nation 1972” the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany presented an extensive collection of studies. Drawn up by 50 experts, the report on the development in the two German states should, according to Willy Brandt, contribute to facilitate political judgement and to sobering political discussion. In our last edition we published a summary of the chapter on the State of the Nation’s External Economy. This paper is a summary of the two German states’ development aid. The author, in cooperation with Hans-Ludwig Dornbusch and Dieter W. Vogelsang, participated in the composition of this chapter.     

Trade strategy towards the third world

It is of paramount importance to expand the trade of less developed countries (LDCs). The Federal Government of Germany, being fully aware of this vital need, has created a number of effective instruments designed specifically to promote imports from these countries. The policy underlying all these measures is one of progressively liberallsing foreign trade by the removal of barriers obstructing that trade.     

Consumer policy for the third world

A large-scale representative field study in Thailand and much anecdotal evidence from other lands indicate that consumers in the less developed countries (LDC) are facing a high-risk marketplace. This is due to structural features of the market, seller chicanery, and buyer poverty. Consumers respond by intensive search, the value of which is greatly reduced by the ephemeral nature of local information. Clearly, the LDC are in dire need of aggressive consumer policy. A program of consumer emancipation is set forth in detail. The policy priorities postulated are consumer protection, education, and information — an order reverse from that earlier proposed for industrialized Western nations. The program is predicated on a concurrent transformation of cryptocapitalist markets into an open market sector where buyers and sellers are substantially equal partners.Hans B. Thorelli is the E. W. Kelley Professor of Business Administration in the Graduate School of Business at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, U.S.A. The field research project in Thailand from which this article emanates was codirected by the author and Dr. Gerald D. Sentell, presently the John F. Kennedy Professor of Business Administration at the National Institute of Development Administration in Bangkok and a member of the College of Business Administration Faculty of the University of Tennessee. Dr. Sentell, with Dr. Sarah V. Thorelli, provided valuable inputs to this article. The Midwest Universities Consortium for International Affairs (MUCIA) favored the Thai study with its financial support.     

The Nixon revolution and the third world

In the dramatic events and the whirl of talk which has followed the Nixon economic measures, the developed countries have been preoccupied with the new situation created for them. The ultimate impact of this fundamental policy-change upon the poor two-thirds of the world has been virtually ignored.     

The energy crisis and the third world

The economic implications of the latest upsurge of the oil prices for the whole world—and for the developing countries in particular—are such as to make a strategy of common responsibility of industrialized and developing countries more urgent than ever. Rainer Offergeld, Federal Minister for Economic Cooperation, elucidates his ideas about such a strategy.     

The European Community and the third world

For quite some time, and with Increasing commitment, people in the member states of the European Community have been discussing the question which role the Community should play in future as regards the developing countries in Africa, Asla and Latin America. From numerous quarters, the view is being voiced with mounting urgency that Europe should contribute more intensively towards solving the manifoid problems of the Third World.     

Equal pay for equal work in the third world

If the principle of equal pay for work of equal value is valid, then the practice of paying workers in third-world countries at a lower rate than workers doing the same jobs in industrialized nations is unjust. Recently Henry Shue argued that the principle is not valid. In this paper I criticize Shue's arguments and offer additional arguments in support of his conclusion. Hugh Lehman is a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Guelph. His most important publications are Introduction to the Philosophy of Mathematics, Basil Blackwell, 1979, Mathematical Proofs, Gaps and Postulationism, The Monist 67, and Intuitionism and Platonism on Infinite Totalities, Idealistic Studies XIII. He also edited a special issue of Animal Regulation Studies 2 that contained papers from the conference: Ethical Issues Concerning the Use of Animals in Agriculture and Scientific Research.     

American diets and third world food

One major concern of the Third World, with its emotional and moralistic overtones, is the production and distribution of food. Unfortunately, however, the world food situation is very complex and any over-simplification is counter-productive. This article confronts the myths with the facts playing a role in the discussion and underlines in particular the food aid distribution problems.     

Relations between communist and third world countries

Despite the unproportionately low level of Soviet economic assistance, Soviet influence in the Third World is quite considerable at present. Taking this fact as a starting point the following article examines the principles guiding relations between communist and developing countries.     

Emerging Asian MNCs

Developed countries traditionally account for the lion's share of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) and multinational corporations (MNCs). More recently, however, developing countries are emerging as a significant source of outward FDI and globally influential MNCs. The central objective here is to analyze and compare the main issues facing emerging Asian MNCs today with the main issues which faced developed-country MNCs 30 years ago. Our basic hypothesis is that the two groups of MNCs significantly differ due to both exogenous and endogenous factors. Particularly important are differences in motivation and behaviour, ownership patterns, ownership-specific advantages and the institutional infrastructures of their home countries.     

Don't stop with the one-stop shop: Foreign investment in a liberalizing third world

Developing countries around the world are liberalizing their trade and investment regimes. This paper, based on a multiyear, multicountry study, assesses the likely impact of these new trade and investment policies on foreign investment projects. It points to the divergence between rhetoric and reality that often characterizes the new investment policies and institutions. Indeed, the study suggests that, for many foreign investors, changes in trade policy are likely to be more significant than changes in investment policy. The paper provides recommendations to investors on how to take advantage of the new policies they are likely to encounter in developing countries. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

International strategies of service MNCs in the Asia-Pacific region

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in services has been growing rapidly in the developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region. In this study we explore the level and distribution of service FDI in the Asia-Pacific region by examining both country-level aggregate data and firm-level data. Using data in 180 large multinational corporations in 10 service industries over the 1980–1986 period, we construct a logistic regression model to examine the effects of client-following strategy, cultural difference, oligopolistic reaction, firm size, and international experience on the international expansion strategies of service MNCs in the region. Differences in the international strategies are analyzed and policy implications are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.