哈齐高速铁路对区域可达性及经济联系的影响研究

哈齐高速铁路是哈大齐工业走廊交通体系中的重要组成部分,对区域联动和空间重组产生深刻影响。选取可达性模型,测度哈齐高速铁路的开通对区域可达性水平的影响;再根据距离引力模型测量城市之间的经济联系强度,并利用经济隶属度,分析各个城市经济联系方向,从而探究哈齐高速铁路背景下黑龙江经济格局的演变。研究结果表明:哈齐高速铁路的开通大幅度优化了区域沿线城市之间的可达性水平;同时,哈齐高速铁路也加大了沿线城市间的经济联系强度,区域经济格局逐渐呈现"多中心化"的趋势;高速铁路轴带极化现象明显,部分空间隶属关系模糊。     

高速铁路对西南地区可达性及经济联系的影响研究

以广西壮族自治区柳南客运专线及沿海高速铁路6个主要沿线城市——南宁、柳州、桂林、钦州、北海、防城港为研究对象,选取2012与2015年2个典型年份,研究6个城市在高速铁路开通前后的交通可达性及经济联系格局变动情况。研究结果表明,广西高速铁路的开通将会在沿线形成分别以南宁、钦州为核心的"双节点-轴线"新的可达性空间格局及经济联系空间格局,给广西带来了显著的经济效应,大大增强了城市间的经济联系,同时也利于北部湾经济区同城一体化的发展。     

基于DID模型的宝兰高速铁路对甘肃省沿线县域经济的影响研究

宝兰高速铁路是西北地区重要的交通基础设施,对沿线县域经济有着重要的影响。首先通过构建最短时间距离、加权平均旅行时间和经济潜力模型,分析宝兰高速铁路对于甘肃省沿线县域可达性的影响。然后以2013—2019年面板数据为基础,构造双重差分模型,探究宝兰高速铁路对于甘肃省沿线县域经济发展和产业结构转型的影响。研究显示：宝兰高速铁路开通极大提高了甘肃省沿线县区级城市的可达性,加权平均旅行时间减少69.68%,经济潜力提升2.96倍;沿线县域经济增长速率增加了10%,并且宝兰高速铁路的开通对于县级城市的影响大于区级城市,同时宝兰高速铁路开通并未显著优化沿线县域产业结构,但对第二产业的影响大于第三产业,对县级城市的影响大于区级城市。     

基于市场可达性的高速铁路开通对民族地区经济增长的影响研究

高速铁路开通有助于提升市场可达性，进而助推民族地区经济繁荣。基于2009—2020年民族地区77个地级及以上城市的面板数据，采用匹配差分和工具变量法实证估计高速铁路开通对民族地区经济增长的影响，并借助三重差分从市场可达性进行机制检验，同时考察不同地势起伏度的异质性影响和滞后效应。研究表明，高速铁路开通对民族地区经济的提升效应约为6.6%，高速铁路开通带来的市场可达性提升是解释民族地区经济增长的重要机制，高速铁路开通主要促进地势相对平缓的民族地区经济增长，而对于高起伏度的山地地区影响不显著，并存在2年左右的滞后效应。最后，从高质量交通供给、产业结构调整、融入内外部市场、优先考量经济性等方面，提出民族地区经济发展启示。     

沪宁城际高速铁路对区域可达性的影响研究

区域可达性与经济发展、机动性、社会福利及环境影响相关,高速铁路对于区域经济的影响主要表现为对城市区域可达性的影响.通过原始数据的采集,应用有利平均旅行时间模型、潜能模型、吸引力指数模型进行测量评价,对沪宁城际高速铁路开通前后的区域可达性进行对比,分析沪宁城际高速铁路提高了区域可达性,尤其是目标城市(处于经济主导地位的城市)的可达性.     

时间距离视域下成渝城市群旅游空间结构研究

高速铁路的网络化使得我国城市可达性整体得到优化。以成渝城市群为研究对象,基于时间距离视角修正传统旅游经济引力模型,构建城市群旅游空间结构模型,从网络密度、网络中心度和核心-边缘结构等方面,比较不同时间距离下成渝城市群旅游空间结构特征。研究表明,高速铁路加强了成渝城市群区域内成员的旅游空间联系,提升了高速铁路沿线城市的旅游经济联系量,部分城市在区域中的重要性发生改变,核心城市在区域内旅游集散中心的作用发挥更为明显。     

高速铁路条件下东北城市旅游供需潜力测度研究

为探究高速铁路对城市旅游供需潜力的影响,利用旅游市场供需潜力模型对东北地区3省旅游供需潜力的时空格局和市场类型进行分析。研究结果显示:高速铁路的开通明显提升了城市的旅游市场供需潜力,而且高速铁路沿线城市供需潜力优势较大,其他城市供需潜力"类真空"现象显著;高速铁路的开通加大了城市间供需潜力的差距,哈大、长珲高速铁路对沿线城市供需潜力的影响高于沈丹高速铁路,哈尔滨—四平、长春—珲春组成的"T"型廊道空间供需变化最为显著;高速铁路开通后,东北地区形成了旅游发展核心区、潜力区、边缘区相互交织的旅游空间发展格局,明显提升了城市旅游可达性,对促进城市旅游业快速发展产生重要影响。     

成渝双城经济圈高速铁路对绿色经济效率的影响研究

高速铁路以其效率高、能耗低、污染少等优势，为绿色经济效率提升带来重要战略机遇。以成渝双城经济圈42个研究区域为例，在对绿色经济效率测度基础上，选取双重差分模型实证检验高速铁路开通是否对区域绿色经济效率产生影响。同时，基于可达性与经济联系强度变化，分析高速铁路开通对绿色经济效率的影响程度。研究结果表明，高速铁路开通对成渝双城经济圈内各区域绿色经济效率提升具有正向推动作用，并且财政支持力度大、产业结构更加合理、污染治理力度大、城镇化水平高、道路交通设施完善的研究区域，其绿色经济效率更高。高速铁路开通使区域可达性每提高1%时，绿色经济效率可以提高0.04%～0.08%；区域经济联系强度每提高1%时，绿色经济效率可以提高0.05%～0.12%。     

兰新高速铁路对沿线城市旅游经济联系的影响

为合理优化兰新高速铁路沿线城市旅游经济结构,以及为协调旅游交通一体化发展提供理论依据和决策参考,基于时间距离视角构建旅游经济联系模型,采用社会网络分析方法,借助Ucinet6.0软件采用核心-边缘模型、凝聚子群等评价指标探讨兰新高速铁路沿线城市旅游合作发展模式。研究表明:兰新高速铁路将促使沿线城市旅游经济联系由单纯依靠地理位置的优势转变为依靠自身城市综合经济实力的强弱;旅游合作空间发展模式由单纯依靠沿线中部城市转变为东西核心城市带动周边城市协同发展;沿线城市旅游合作发展模式可以概括为"双核走廊式"协同发展。     

高速铁路对民族地区旅游发展水平的影响机制研究

高速铁路的开通降低了游客出行的时间和经济成本,影响旅游活动空间集聚规律,形成同城化、网络化等现象。以黔桂云三省39个市州为案例地,采用2010—2019年的面板数据测度地区旅游发展水平并分析其时空演化动态,构建回归模型考察高速铁路影响区域旅游发展水平的效果及作用机制,明确高速铁路在区域旅游经济发展中的作用,为民族地区旅游高质量发展贡献力量。结果显示:高速铁路开通后区域内旅游发展水平普遍提高,并表现出不同的空间态势:贵州以贵阳为中心向四周扩散,云南以旅游发达地区散状分布,而广西呈现出桂林、南宁两核遥望之态;高速铁路通过改善区域旅游可达性实现旅游发展水平的提高,且旅游可达性在民族地区的促进作用中表现为完全中介效应。     

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the impact of high-speed railway on urban economy: Empirical study of Chinese cities

The relationship between high-speed railway (HSR) construction and economic development has become a significant concern in recent decades. This study uses the spatiotemporal panel data of China's HSR construction and economic development from 2008 to 2018 as bases to discuss the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of the relationship between HSR and the urban economy. Firstly, this research measures the accessibility of different dimensions (i.e. location accessibility, potential accessibility and daily accessibility), and assesses the regional disparity of HSR accessibility and urban GDP using the Gini index. Secondly, the direct and indirect effects of HSR on economic development are analyzed from the global perspective by using the spatial Durbin model. Lastly, the geographically and temporally weighted regression model is applied to assess the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of the correlation between HSR and economic development from a local perspective. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The construction of HSR might reduce the regional disparity of daily accessibility, but expand the disparity of potential accessibility and location accessibility. (2) From a global perspective, HSR has a significant positive impact on urban economic development, but this impact was mainly produced by the spillover effect and not the direct effect. Specifically, the smaller the spatial–temporal distance between cities, the higher the level of regional integration and the better the economic development of cities. (3) The HSR impact on urban economic growth has a periodic feature. The stimulation of large-scale railway construction will expand the economic effect of HSR, although network improvement will gradually converge the corresponding impact. (4) From a local perspective, the HSR impact on economic development has significant spatial heterogeneity. Although HSR has a certain inhibitory effect on the economic development of Eastern China, it has a positive impact on the economic growth of the western region.     

基于可达性的高速铁路列车停站方案优化研究

针对有关列车停站方案与换乘接续研究中的不足,结合高速铁路旅客换乘需求数据,引入可达性定义,首先建立以运行图可达性最大为目标的优化模型,其次提出单亲遗传求解算法,并开发列车运行图自动铺画软件,通过对某高速铁路2011年春运期间运行图的下行列车进行优化,在不改变原运行图骨架、满足运行图标尺的基础上,提高了运行图的可达性和列车平均旅行速度。     

Impact of high-speed rail on regional economic disparity in China

This paper investigates a fundamental question related to the massive railway infrastructure development in China. What is the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on regional economic disparity? The question is investigated from three perspectives. First, the influence of HSR on regional economic disparity is discussed theoretically from the perspective of New Economic Geography. Second, the variation in economic disparity at both the national and regional levels is investigated using three indexes: the weighted coefficient of variation, the Theil index and the Gini index. Third, the linkages between regional economic growth and HSR is measured empirically from a quantitative and qualitative perspective using an endogenous growth modelling framework with a panel data covering the period 2000–2014. The rail network density is adopted as a proxy to reflect the quantity change in rail investment. Three accessibility indicators (weighted average travel time, potential accessibility and daily accessibility) are introduced to capture the improvement of HSR transport quality. Our findings confirm that regional economic disparity has been decreased since the development of HSR. HSR has promoted regional economic convergence in China. Specifically, the positive effect of rail network density on regional economic growth is found to be significant in the East and North, whereas the positive effect of accessibility change is found to be more significant in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, the Southwest and the South China.     

铁路快速客运网对城市通达性的影响

通达性是度量交通网络结构的有效指标,也是评价区域(或城市)获取发展机会和控制市场能力的有效指标之一.阐述城市通达性的评价方法,以31个省会级中心城市为研究对象,分别从各城市的节点总空间距离、节点总时间距离,快速客运网的网络总空间距离、网络总时间距离,城市节点通达性系数以及中心城市的日可达性等方面,分析“十二五”铁路快速客运网建设对城市通达性的影响.     

Impacts of high speed rail on railroad network accessibility in China

High speed rail (HSR) is changing the overall travel accessibility of cities in China. There have been a number of studies of high speed rail in China. However, detailed spatiotemporal accessibility pattern of cities affected by the operation of high speed rail in China has not been reported. This study takes a timetable-based accessibility evaluation approach to analyze the changes in travel time, travel cost, and distance accessibility for each of the four main stages of HSR development in China: no HSR service in Stage 1 before August 2008, several HSR lines in Stage 2 between August 2008 and July 2011, reduced operating speed of HSR trains in Stage 3 between August 2011 and November 2012, and addition of new HSR lines and reduction of ticket fares in Stage 4 between December 2012 and January 2013. In addition to the “corridor effect” and the “center-diffusion” pattern, this paper investigates the impacts of HSR on changes in in-vehicle travel time and out-of-vehicle travel time with respect to the policy changes that reduced the operating speed of HSR trains, rearranged the train timetable, and lowered the ticket fare on HSR trains. The analysis results indicate the spatiotemporal pattern of Chinese cities affected by these policy changes. This study is useful for assessing HSR impacts on the accessibility of various cities across China as well as serving as a decision-making support to policies related to adjustments of HSR operation and planning of future HSR routes by considering the existing HSR and non-HSR railway lines.     

Measuring railway network performance considering accessibility levels in cities worldwide

There is a growing acceptance of and interest in transit accessibility-based developments as a means to address urban challenges, such as automobile dependency, air pollution, urban sprawl, and congestion. Additionally, prompting car drivers to switch to public transit requires the construction of attractive and accessible public transit systems. Accordingly, it is necessary to measure railway network performance while considering accessibility, which indicates the potential opportunity of interaction. Thus, this study aims to develop a railway network performance index (RPI) to evaluate transit accessibility, with regard to differences in travel speed, and conduct a comparative analysis of 40 cities worldwide. The major findings are as follows. European cities have a high RPI, but cities in developing countries have relatively low RPI values, due to railway infrastructure shortages. Railway and station density have a positive relationship with RPI, but differences in RPI emerge between cities with the same infrastructure levels. This difference indicates the importance of efficient railway system connections between the distributions of populations and facilities. Overall, this study enhances understandings of transit accessibility and provides benchmark points that may be useful for decision-making processes, transportation investments, and land use policies.     

Market effects of regional high-speed trains on the Svealand line

When the Svealand line in Sweden opened in 1997, it replaced an older railway line between Eskilstuna and Stockholm (a distance of 115 km). Service on the Svealand line is operated with regional high-speed trains. In a case study of the effects of regional high-speed train services, changes in knowledge, valuations and travel behaviour have been analysed. The Svealand line has sparked an increase in regional rail travel of up to seven times compared to the old railway between Eskilstuna and Stockholm. Additionally, the market share has risen from 6% to 30%. Travelling times are valued highly and motorists, particularly, place great value on the high-speed train mode of transport.A general conclusion is that regional high-speed train services have had a major impact on the travel market and on travel behaviour. The improved accessibility to Stockholm, in particular, is especially noticeable among residents living close to the railway stations.     

Exploring the impact of high speed railways on the spatial redistribution of economic activities - Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as a case study

The high speed railway (HSR) network in China has developed rapidly over the past ten years, offering a new means of travel and also regenerating and redistributing economic activities by encouraging population mobility. Using the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as a case study, this paper investigates the redistribution of economic activities resulting from HSRs by developing a locally weighted regression model, geographically network weighted regression (GNWR). This GNWR is formulated in light of the current account identity in economics, and incorporates the changes in network-based travel time from HSRs and the degrees of cities, thereby offering a more appropriate method of capturing the movement of economic activities. Importantly, the coefficients in GNWR can reflect the net inflow or outflow of different cities in terms of their residents' investment and/or consumption. The results of the analysis show that HSRs have significantly changed the spatial redistribution of economic activities due to more frequent and rapid mobility. For investment activities, HSR drew the inflow to the second tier cities alongside HSR and strengthened the status of core cities; for consumption activities, HSR motivated the inflow to non-HSR cities located in the peripheral areas.     

Trends in vehicle kilometres of travel in world cities, 1960–1990: underlying drivers and policy responses

Increases in private motorised urban vehicle kilometres of travel are shown to arise from population growth, urban sprawl, increased car ownership and decreases in vehicle occupancy. In particular, the worldwide increase in urban mobility since 1960 has been the direct result of increased affluence and the consequent greater accessibility of private motor vehicles, as well as population growth. Urban sprawl has significantly less influence, although it has been significant in USA, Canadian and Australian cities. Despite this, a number of cities have shown that clear policy initiatives can contain the growth of urban private motorised mobility.