Regulation, Unionization, and Racial Wage Discrimination: An Analysis of the Trucking Industry

A bstract . This article tests the hypothesis that increased product market competition of deregulation decreased employer and union wage discrimination in the motor carrier industry. Specifically, in each regulatory period, we estimate the portion of the industry racial wage differential that is due to racial differences: in driver attributes, returns to attributes, and unionization. Our findings suggest that enhanced product market competition directly reduces wage discrimination and may have a smaller indirect effect of further reducing racial wage disparities in industries with racially exclusive unions. These findings support the use of competition to reduce wage discrimination as opposed to government intervention.     

The German temporary staffing industry: growth,development, scandal and resistance

In Germany the size of the temporary agency workforce has almost doubled between 2002 and 2012 prompted by deregulation and expansion of temporary staffing agency networks. This article examines the growth of the temporary staffing industry in Germany revealing important milestones in the regulatory framework transformation. The article then explores the role of key actors in the development of temporary staffing industry in the Germany labour market, in particular the shifting positions of trade unions in relation to temporary agency work, as well as intervention from the state with re‐regulation in order to mitigate for exploitative affecting temporary agency workers. The findings highlight that while the growth of the German temporary staffing industry has been substantial, and that the state has been an active agent, it has not been without its controversies and challenges, and that features of the industry remain potential barriers for its future development. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

The political economy of ‘ordered competition’ in European telecoms

This article discusses the current efforts of policymakers to spur development of telecommunications infrastructure. It argues that the policy of ‘ordered competition’, widely implemented in this sector, has formed a highly beneficial environment for major players, who have the ability to influence the regulatory machine. The system protects the status quo, impedes the efficiency of the market process and allows unnecessary public subsidy of the industry's development. The main alternative to this regulatory regime is structural reform of the industry and the formation of a genuinely competitive marketplace which could function without ex ante regulation.     

Evaluating the prospective effects of alternative regulatory policies on the investment behaviour and environmental performance of a newly liberalised electricity industry in Taiwan

The research explores the potential effects of alternative regulatory policies for electricity market liberalisation on the investment behaviour and environmental performance of the electricity industry in Taiwan. The results provide insights into how the electricity market might evolve under the proposed reform scheme and other possible scenarios. This paper begins by reviewing the characteristics of the industry and how it has developed so far, and follows by studying the planned liberalisation agenda and the main purposes of the regulatory policies. Whether the liberalised electricity market will develop in a desirable direction is investigated by analysing investors’ aspirations for the market and their possible reactions to regulatory policies. The paper focuses on the investment decisions of the generation sector and concludes with assessments of the implications for security of supply, fuel diversity, electricity price and the environment.     

Measuring DEA efficiency in cable television network facilities: what are appropriate criteria for determining the amounts of governmental subsidies?

Recent technological developments have transformed the cable television industry (CATV) from a simple re-transmitter of terrestrial broadcasting to a provider of a broader-band information infrastructure. With cable operators facing an undesirable market situation while operating a fiber optics network vital to the creation of an information-based society within Japan, the Japanese Government has introduced several supportive measures for the industry. Such governmental intervention should desirably be justified not only from a political viewpoint but also from an economic one; otherwise such measures may distort economic efficiency. In this article, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the authors identify the deficiencies of an accounting-based intervention scheme and propose an alternative framework with no disincentive side effects.     

Regulating Banks through Market Discipline: A Survey of the Issues

Abstract.  The interest in the application of market discipline to regulate the financial industry has boomed recently due to the proposed New Capital Accord. This paper reviews the potential role market discipline can play in financial regulation. We start with a discussion of the rationale for financial regulation and with a brief history of the current regulatory mechanisms. Next, a definition of market discipline as a regulatory mechanism is advanced. We evaluate the disciplining power various market participants have. Finally, we argue that more external risk management disclosure is a condition sine qua non in order to enable market discipline as a regulatory mechanism. In this respect, the Basle Committee has taken the right approach.     

Caught in organized ambivalence: institutional complexity and its implications in the German hospital sector

Worldwide, public service-providing organizations confront regulatory hybridization. While their societal mission persists, they are expected to become more business-like. Drawing on theory concerned with institutional complexity and ambivalence in organizations, this article illuminates the case of German acute care hospitals. We depict the emergence of market orientation in this industry, its structural impact and major sensemaking patterns at the site level. In our multiple case study, we find ‘organized ambivalence’ shaping the institutional context and affecting the undertakings’ internal life. Thus, regulatory hybridization tends to create certain traps – which challenges ideas according to which it helps improve public management.     

The Effect of National Environment on Global Competitiveness

Abstract

This paper examines national environmental factors responsible for achieving global competitiveness in the pharmaceutical industry. The effect of national economic and regulatory environments on pharmaceutical market and industry structure is empirically tested using a sample consisting of both industrialized and developing countries. GNP was found to be a significant variable affecting market size, industry focus, and industry concentration. Price regulation had a significant negative effect on market demand for pharmaceuticals whereas approval time for new drugs was found to have no significant effect. Results provide important implications for public policy and global strategy.     

调整产业结构提升我国工程建设企业的竞争力

我国的建筑行业长期处于弱势地位、建设市场混乱、与国外同类企业比竞争力低下。导致这一现状的原因主要是由于建筑行业的产业结构不合理,同质化竞争激烈,产业集中度低。在政府的干预下,实现产业的结构调整提高产业的集中度,谋求适度的垄断和竞争的均衡;通过调整各种规模企业的比例,实现符合建筑产品生产客观规律的生产力组织,是提高我国建筑全行业竞争力的有效途径。     

浅谈加强烟草行业市场管理的方法

加强专卖管理既是规范卷烟市场秩序、满足市场卷烟供应的有效手段,也是维护行业生产经营秩序、营造良好内外环境、实现行业长远发展的根本保证。烟草行业应全力推进专卖管理工作上水平,在队伍建设、卷烟打假、内部监管等方面下功夫,推进"卷烟上水平"顺利开展。     

The impact of employment equity regulations on psychological contracts in South Africa

This article will show the impact of employment equity legislation on the psychological employment contracts of the three main employee groupings in South African society. This study is important in that it fills the gap in the literature that identifies labour market regulations as an important shaping influence on the psychological contract. More than 500 managers from across South African industry and from all ethnic groups were surveyed to identify differences in psychological contracts and attitudes towards the social transformation regulations. We found that the legislation has impacted differentially on the three groupings mainly in terms of their loyalty to stay with their organizations, the focus on their career development in terms of the external labour market and the degree to which they felt they had been affected by the legislation. Additionally we find that the perceived linkage between job satisfaction and labour turnover is significantly weakened by labour market legislation in the case of the beneficiaries of the legislation, but that this may not be the case for those negatively affected by the legislation. The findings have significant implications for the HRM practices of multinationals operating in societies with significant labour market regulatory interventions.     

轨道交通建设与产业投资基金——以重庆市为例

产业投资基金作为一种新的金融工具,是连接产业市场和金融市场的纽带,其对促进产融结合、资本有效运营和管理等具有重要作用。以重庆市为例,从重庆市轨道交通产业发展现状出发,分析了轨道交通产业引进产业投资基金的现实性和作用。在此基础上,就重庆市设立以轨道交通为核心的产业投资基金的基本原则、发展模式以及运行机制等问题进行了探索,提出了相关政策建议。     

我国石油产业市场集中度与技术创新研究

用产业集中度指数(CRn),分别从产业总体层面和企业层面对我国石油行业市场集中度进行了分析,得出我国油气行业的市场结构属于寡占型市场结构。在此基础上,根据石油行业的技术创新现状,深层次分析我国石油行业技术创新的制约因素,旨在提高我国石油产业技术创新能力,进而提高国际竞争力。     

中国市场全面开放后的贸易产业安全思考

20世纪90年代以来,由于放松规制与贸易自由化等因素的影响,贸易的波动性逐渐加大,市场体系的稳定性下降,给国内经济的持续发展带来一定威胁。文中提出贸易领域应由自由放任转向对贸易合规性规制,通过贸易规制,借助政府对公共利益调控力量来弥补市场机制的缺失,促进流通有序发展,从而克服市场失灵所带来的贸易安全风险。     

利率变化对房地产价格的影响分析

利率不仅是金融系统中最重要的变量,也是市场经济最基础的变量之一。利率通过其传导机制发挥其调节功能。房地产市场是我国社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分,房地产业是我国的新兴支柱产业,那么利率与房价有无关系呢?本文阐述了利率及房地产价格的基本理论,论述了房地产在国民经济中的作用,通过实证研究分析了利率与房地产价格之间的关系。     

Regulating the environment: Changing from constraint to gentle coercion

This article examines the changes in regulatory practices which have taken place in Denmark over the last twenty years. Danish environmental policy has been subject to several rounds of regulatory reform, aimed at streamlining existing regulation and making it more effective. Several new policy instruments have in this process been added to the regulatory repertoire, increasing the flexibility of the regulatory system. The strategic approach to the development and implementation of environmental policy, adopted by the Danish government, marks a change of regulatory regime, i.e. a change in the way environmental problems are perceived and in the choice of instruments to remedy these problems. The article argues that this is the result of the regulatory learning processes, and that the emerging regulatory regime, based on cooperation, represents a different way of harnessing the market forces than traditionally advocated. The article concludes that this regulatory regime opens up for a more systemic approach to preventing pollution.     

苏州新型平板显示产业现状及对策研究

文章对苏州市新型平板显示产业现状进行了介绍，并提出立足现有产业基础，发挥自主创新和开放创新的优势，以企业为主体、政府为引导、应用为目标、市场为动力，坚持产业国际化、规模化、自主创新的发展思路。     

Does government intervention help the Chinese automobile industry? A comparison with the Chinese computer industry

Through comparison with the computer industry this paper examines whether government intervention has facilitated development in the Chinese automobile industry. Chinese computer firms operate in a largely laissez-faire market environment, with relatively free entry and exit, whilst the automobile industry is subject to government protection and uses entry barriers and high tariffs to promote economies of scale and productive efficiency. We, however, find that the automobile industry is more concentrated and less efficient than the computer sector. This suggests that competitive forces can be more effective in improving efficiency than regulation, even in the Chinese context.     

我国银行业的市场结构分析及改革对策

经过二十多年的改革,我国银行业市场结构有了很大变化。运用市场份额、市场集中度、进入、退出壁垒和产品差异化等指标,分析了我国银行业的市场结构,得出我国银行业有寡头垄断特征,并呈现出向垄断竞争市场结构过渡的趋势。在分析我国银行业市场绩效低下原因的基础上,初步提出了银行业优化市场结构,提高竞争力的对策。     

基于进化博弈论的信托业监管体制研究

本文运用以ESS为核心的进化博弈论分析方法对我国信托业监管体制下监管机构（中国银监会）和被监管者（信托公司）的策略选择进行分析，研究较长时间内信托公司对是否诚信的选择比例变动趋势和进化稳定性，并寻求“不诚信”行为产生的内在根源、作用机制和关键因素，从而对我国信托业监管体制演进的变化趋势提出改进意见。