Societal embedding and product creation management

Societal embedding of new products – that is, their integration in relevant industries and markets, their admissibility with regard to regulation and standards, and their acceptance by the public – is a challenge. A management approach is developed based on our case studies in the biotechnology sector and on recent innovation literature. Tools are presented to map internal and external alignments. Learning processes, in interaction with societal actors, overcome the dilemmas or at least make them manageable.     

Societal embedding and product creation management

Societal embedding of new products - that is, their integration in relevant industries and markets, their admissibility with regard to regulation and standards, and their acceptance by the public - is a challenge. A management approach is developed based on our case studies in the biotechnology sector and on recent innovation literature. Tools are presented to map internal and external alignments. Learning processes, in interaction with societal actors, overcome the dilemmas or at least make them manageable.     

家族制企业财务管理浅析

改革开放以来,我国家族企业得到了快速发展,但随着我国社会主义市场体制的进一步完善.其在管理中的某些"失天"性缺陷将逐渐显露出来,特别是财务管理方面存在的一些问题,严重阻碍了家族企业的进一步发展.本文主要就家族制企业财务管理方面存在问题作一些分析,提出解决的办法,以促进家族制企业经济效益的不断提高,进一步推动社会主义市场经济的发展.     

新产品开发过程中的知识管理

新产品开发是一个复杂的知识运动过程。在该过程中,企业不仅要应用企业已有的各种相关科技知识,而且要从企业外部获取有关的科技知识、市场知识和其它知识,还要创造新的知识。因此,搞好新产品开发过程中的知识管理工作,对于成功开展新产品开发活动具有决定性的意义。本文分析了新产品开发流程中,研发团队与用户、供应商、员工等之间的知识获取、转移和共享。     

How cross-functional management influences new product development: a socio-technical perspective

This paper develops an integrated theoretical framework of cross-functional management from a socio-technical perspective, focusing on technical support, job rotation and process standardisation. It then explores the effects of these three practices on new product development (NPD) via a global survey of 725 manufacturing companies in 20 countries. The results show that technical support and job rotation are positively related to the speed of NPD, while process standardisation and job rotation are positively associated with the quality of new products. These results contribute to the field of NPD by integrating the technical and social aspects of cross-functional management.     

Managing product innovation at sony: the development of the data discman

Successjulb innovativejms tend to be those that have evolved organizational mechanisms that enable areas of specialist knowledge and expertise, 'fragmented' throughout the firm amongst specialists, to be easily integrated and applied to a particular function. This paper looks at how such mechanisms, working within a broader corporate anvironment that is conducive to creative change, underlie much of the success of a particular Fapanese firm in its management of the product development process. The case study examines how a new multi-media product, the Data Discman, was developed by a project team in Sony. It shows how common hurdles in the drive for a working, cost-effective and marketable product, in this case a novel combination of specialized technologies, are overcome quickly and effectively for project success.     

关于失业问题的实证分析与研究

中国的经济在 90年代中后期驶离了充分就业与经济增长的航向 ,持续的经济低迷与日益严重的失业压力成为中国经济发展的困扰。失业 ,已成为政府急需解决的首要难题。本文在对失业进行较细区分的基础上对我国的失业现状进行了实证分析。     

An empirical investigation of complexity and its management in new product development

New product development (NPD) programmes are increasingly complex and difficult to manage. The consequences of poorly managed development complexity can be highly visible and even lead to project failure. To effectively screen new product proposals and manage NPD projects more efficiently, NPD teams need to be equipped with the capacity to identify development complexity and possess the knowledge to manage it. Unfortunately, there have been few studies which specifically illuminate the challenges and experiences product developers face in dealing with complexity. Our research attempts to help fill this gap. Our study is based on exploratory field interviews with 32 project leaders and team members. We first focus on identifying the specific complexity issues encountered in NPD. We then identify what NPD teams actually do to minimise the potential adverse consequences of complexity. Finally, we examine whether a company's development process reduces or increases the complexities NPD teams encounter. Based upon our research, we present our results and conclude by offering several recommendations for complexity management as well as suggestions for future research.     

浅谈企业盈余管理

盈余管理是指当有选择会计政策的自由时,企业管理当局选择使其自身效用最大化或使企业价值最大化的行为。正因为盈余管理不同于会计造假,也不同于超出制度许可范围的盈余操纵,盈余管理问题已成为西方国家实证会计研究的重点之一。本文试图对盈余管理存在的客观务件及动机作出解释,接着分析了盈余管理的常用手段,并提出了有效规制盈余管理的具体措施。     

A Microeconometric note on product innovation and product innovation advertising

This paper seeks to explain why more than half of the German service sector firms that introduce a product innovations do not advertise their new or markedly improved product. One part of the explanation is that they do not need to advertise because they are closely related to their customers anyway, and another part of the explanation is that product innovation and product innovation advertising are strategic substitutes.     

上市公司年报非标准审计意见的比较研究--基于2000-2003年数据的经验分析

作为外部监督环境的一个重要成分,外部审计也是公司治理机制特别是外部治理机制的重要组成部分.以投资者为核心的公司利益相关者对外部审计,尤其是对审计师或注册会计师出具的审计报告以及其中所表述的审计意见的关注和重视由来已久,本文主要基于国外的相关研究和中国股市及上市公司的特征,依据2000-2003年中国上市公司数据,从多个角度对上市公司年度财务报告的审计意见类型进行比较研究,初步考察非标准审计意见的分布和行业差异以及非标准审计意见与年报披露迟滞、未预期盈利、年报预约披露、会计师事务所更迭等的关系.     

Integrating technology roadmapping and portfolio management at the front-end of new product development

Many authors point out that the front-end of new product development (NPD) is a critical success factor in the NPD process and that numerous companies face difficulties in carrying it out appropriately. Therefore, it is important to develop new theories and proposals that support the effective implementation of this earliest phase of NPD. This paper presents a new method to support the development of front-end activities based on integrating technology roadmapping (TRM) and project portfolio management (PPM). This new method, called the ITP Method, was implemented at a small Brazilian high-tech company in the nanotechnology industry to explore the integration proposal. The case study demonstrated that the ITP Method provides a systematic procedure for the fuzzy front-end and integrates innovation perspectives into a single roadmap, which allows for a better alignment of business efforts and communication of product innovation goals. Furthermore, the results indicated that the method may also improve quality, functional integration and strategy alignment.     

Forecasting demand for a newly introduced product using reservation price data and Bayesian updating

Forecasting demand during the early stages of a product's life cycle is a difficult but essential task for the purposes of marketing and policymaking. This paper introduces a procedure to derive accurate forecasts for newly introduced products for which limited data are available. We begin with the assumption that the consumer reservation price is related to the timing with which the consumer adopts the product. The model is estimated using reservation price data derived through a consumer survey, and the forecast is updated with sales data as they become available using Bayes's rule. The proposed model's forecasting performance is compared with that of benchmark models (i.e., Bass model, logistic growth model, and a Bayesian model based on analogy) using 23 quarters' worth of data on South Korea's broadband Internet services market. The proposed model outperforms all benchmark models in both prelaunch and postlaunch forecasting tests, supporting the thesis that consumer reservation price can be used to forecast demand for a new product before or shortly after product launch.     

The influence of development experience and product innovativeness on product outcome

This empirical study of high-technology product performance shows the influence of experience and product innovativeness on product success.In a logistic analysis of 162 product successes and failures, building on market and technical experience were significant predictors of success. An interaction between technical and market experience was also found to be highly significant. This study empirically validates the value of exparience building in successful product development, and reinforces the need for organizational mechanisms to retain and transfer product deuelopment learning.     

关于市场经济体制的理论分析

本文从理论上对市场经济体制与经济运行机制的内在联系、市场经济体制的内在属性与特征、市场与市场的功能等问题,进行了系统的分析与阐述,揭示了市场经济的竞争性和效率性的本质属性,描述了市场经济的运行特征。对建立社会主义市场经济体制,提供了理论依据     

有效全面预算控制分析

本文就预算管理实施程序中的控制环节进行深入的探讨。将控制的过程分为执行与事中控制、差异分析、业绩报告等几个部分详细分析。分析的结果对于国内企业有效地实施预算管理具有参考和借鉴作用     

对西部小城镇的定位分析

小城镇是西部城镇体系的重要组成部分,发展小城镇对提高西部城市化水平有着巨大的作用.发展小城镇必须首先明确小城镇的发展方向,而这取决于对小城镇的准确定位.只有在对西部小城镇进行准确定位的基础上才能明确西部小城镇的发展方向,制定出小城镇的发展措施,推动小城镇的进一步发展.     

信用的经济价值分析

一、信用的两层经济含义 信用大体有两个方面的经济含义。一是借助于信用手段,而发展起来的信用交易方式。信用的进一步发展使它由交易的实现手段异化为交易目的本身。这个时候,产生了作为商品存在的信     

Limited liability effect on product safety

This paper analyses how limited liability and capital size affect a firm's investment for product safety. Firms become bankrupt when their products cause accidents and they cannot compensate for the damages incurred. Relatively small firms obtain greater expected profit because they do not need to pay full damage when their products cause accidents and they become bankrupt. Thus, smaller firms may have greater incentives than larger firms to participate in risky projects. But relatively small firms may invest more for product safety because increasing their investments is not costly in case of bankruptcy.