A study of factors influencing consumers＇ behavior in recycling waste household electronic appliances

The innovation of technologzv and the improvement of people＇s living standard accelerate the replacement of consumer electronic appliances, resulting in a significant increase of waste household electronic appliances （WHEA）. To address the environmental problems of WHEA, many countries have enacted legislation according to WHEA management, including collecting, processing and recycling. The regulations on the management of WHEA were also drafted in China and pilot programs of WHEA recycling management encountered difficulties in collecting WHEA. The success of a recycling scheme is dependent on people＇s willingness of participating in the scheme, This paper applies Ajzen＇s theory of planned behavior to seek the main factors to engourage consumers to participate in WHEA recycling management in China. Data from a survey conducted with a sample of 633 consumers show that service motivation is the first predictor of participation behavior intention, followed by environmental behavior attitude, economic motivation, subjective norm. and perceived behavior barrier. Environmental knowledge is found not to be the predictor of behavior intention in this recycling scheme. Study results also suggest that publicity is the key situational factor in the WHEA recycling management. Recycling network and policy have little influence on changing consumers＇ current behavior intention and participation. Implications of the findings are discussed and future research directions are suggested in the end.     

废旧家电产品逆向物流模式研究

作为世界头号家电生产和消费大国，我国如何对废旧家电产品加以有效再利用和回收处理成为当前一个迫切的问题。本文在深入分析我国废旧家电产品逆向物流的特点后，提出了一个第三方专业逆向物流机构参与的系统模型。     

生产商联合构建废旧家电逆向物流系统的研究

我国家用电器进入报废高峰期,而家电回收、处理市场较为混乱,没有形成科学、成熟的体系,导致大量废旧家电得不到合理处理,造成环境污染和资源浪费等问题。在对我国废旧家电回收处理现状进行深入分析的基础上,整合回收渠道,拆分处理环节,构建了以回收、物理拆卸、化学处理、产品再制造等四个环节为主的家电逆向物流系统。有效克服负旧家电有毒物质对环境的破坏,使可利用零部件和稀贵金属得到充分再利用,实现生态效益、经济效益双重最大化的目标。同时利用数学方法和模糊层次分析法对该系统经济效益和综合效益进行评估,验证了该系统构建的合理性和可行性。     

E-commerce and the market structure of the recorded music industry

In this article, we study the impact of the development of e-commerce on the concentration of the recorded music industry in France, for the period 2003–2010. First, we find that over the whole period, CD sales, measured at the distributor level, are less concentrated online than offline. Second, we find that sales concentration online has increased between the early period of e-commerce (2003–2006) and the later period (2007–2010).     

On the determinants of household debt maturity choice

This article jointly analyses a behavioural and a cultural concept to explain household debt portfolio choice. The behavioural approach explores the role of time preferences on household debt maturity in a theoretical model and a numerical analysis. We derive a positive relationship between the long-term discount factor δ and the optimal maturity of household loans. The cultural approach examines whether national culture is a reasonable predictor for household debt maturity. We show that culture is an important factor for households’ borrowing decisions and has even more predictive power than time preferences. Countries with higher scores on the Hofstede dimension of long-term orientation tend to have shorter household debt maturity. Time preferences incur a primarily mediating role, because the effect of national culture on the borrowing decision is reduced, as the long-term discount factor δ increases.     

视同销售业务涉税会计处理的探讨

企业经常会发生一些视同销售的交易或事项且种类比较繁杂,由于企业会计准则和相关税法对视同销售的具体规定有许多不同且难以被准确理解,因此在税款计算、缴纳及会计处理时经常会发生错误。本文根据会计准则和税法规定,对视同销售业务的涉税会计处理进行了分析,以供同行参考。     

“家电下乡”政策对农村居民的消费效应检验——基于经验数据的实证分析

＂家电下乡＂政策实行后,农村居民增加了对家电产品的消费。通过分析影响家电下乡产品销售额的影响因素,并通过计量经济模型检验了＂家电下乡＂政策是否促使农村居民消费是否改变。检验结果表明,实行＂家电下乡＂政策后,农民生活消费同比增加了11.69%,但生活消费的收入弹性并没有变化。最后,从四个方面提出了增加农村消费的建议。     

Economic shocks and lottery sales: an examination of Maine State lottery sales

ABSTRACT

Most U.S. states earn significant amount of revenues from lottery sales. However, they are also criticized for promoting the lotteries because they have been seen as taking advantage of poor populations. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of various economic factors on lottery sales by using zip-code level sales within the state of Maine. The results show that an increase of 1% in unemployment rate results in a 0.38% increase in draw lottery sales, but it has no significant impact on instant lottery sales. This highlights the importance of differentiating between two major types of lotteries.     

A note on modelling household food waste behaviour

Food waste is increasingly recognized as a global challenge, with both public and private efforts aimed at reducing food waste from farm to fork. However, analyses of food waste often fail to treat the problem as an economic phenomenon, where consumers’ utility maximizing decisions result in discarded food. In an effort to guide future research, this article presents a conceptual model of household food waste, showing that decisions to discard food depend on food prices and wage and nonwage income.     

Sectoral determinants of foreign affiliate sales employing European data

We test theories on sectoral determinants of foreign affiliate sales employing European foreign affiliate sales statistics (FATS). On the one hand, we test hypotheses that foreign affiliate sales are less likely in sectors with complex tasks and more likely in sectors where communication with customers is important. On the other hand, we test the hypothesis that the force of gravity is stronger in more complex sectors. Employing Poisson and negative binomial estimators, we find support for the first hypotheses and contradict the second hypothesis. We show that the interaction effect between distance and complexity changes sign from negative to positive when complexity is included as a separate regressor. We propose an explanation to reconcile our findings with the basic assertion in the second hypothesis that the force of gravity is stronger in more complex sectors, based on a composition effect between horizontal and vertical affiliate sales.     

我国城镇居民消费差异的计量分析

居民消费在社会经济发展中有着重要的作用,居民合理的消费模式和适度的消费规模有利于经济持续健康增长。20世纪90年代以来,我国居民消费发生了很大变化,影响各地区居民消费支出差异的因素很多,为了分析影响各地区居民消费支出差异的主要因素,并分析影响因素与消费水平的数量关系,现利用计量经济分析选择居民消费与收入关系的函数模型,以期揭示影响现阶段各地区城市居民人均消费支出差异的主要因素,并提出相应的政策建议。     

The impacts of social pension on rural household expenditure: evidence from China

In 2009, China began to implement a new social pension scheme in rural areas. We examine the impacts of this social pension on two main components of rural household expenditure, consumption and agricultural production investment. Our findings show that on average, rural households increase consumption by 1–3% and agricultural investment by as high as 6–9% in pilot counties. Further estimations reveal that the pension mainly affects the households with old-aged members and the poorer families, and that the saving rate hasn’t been changed by the pension, which support more the contingent income than the life-cycle hypothesis. We also find that among various types of expenditures, the most dramatic increases have occurred in food consumption and operational inputs on agricultural production.     

In search of thresholds in the household income inequality–growth relationship

This paper investigates the shape of the relationship between household income inequality and economic growth. More precisely we search for the existence of threshold values in this relationship by employing a dynamic panel smooth transition regression model to account for potential endogeneity problems. We find that there do exist threshold values (that are different for different groups of countries): below the threshold, household income inequality is growth enhancing, while above the threshold, inequality has a negative or no effect on economic growth.     

A test of a unitary model on labour supply using the information of household decision-making systems

This article tests whether a unitary model is consistent with household behaviour using the data of two-earner couples. It focuses on the unitary model assuming that all family members have the same utility function. The analysis investigates the difference in a husband's and wife's labour supply between the household that determines the wife to be the main decision-maker and the household that selects a different decision-making system under the control of individual and household characteristics. The estimation employs a treatment effects model to consider the selectivity bias caused by unmeasured characteristics. Results show that the household with the wife as the main decision-maker increases the husband's working hours by 15% and decreases the wife's working hours by 59%, compared to the household that selects a different decision-making system. This implies that the unitary model is rejected. Additionally, the husband's wage rate, the husband's and wife's health status, and their gambling addiction determine the household decision-making system such as the variables that determine the reservation utility of not being married. The effect of the decision-making system on the labour supply and that of the determinant factors on the decision-making system are consistent with the implications obtained from Nash bargaining models and collective models.     

The impact of rural roads and irrigation on household welfare: evidence from Vietnam

We measure the impact of road and irrigation projects on the livelihoods of households in the poorest and most remote areas of Vietnam using difference-in-difference estimators. We find that both rural road and irrigation projects help local households improve the access to safe water and welfare measured by a wealth index. The impact of irrigation projects is found to be larger than the impact of road projects. We also find heterogeneous impacts of road and irrigation projects. Households with higher levels of education tend to benefit more from road projects, while households with lower levels of education are likely to benefit more from irrigation projects.     

Stock price responses to the eco-points programme for electrical household appliances: evidence from Japan

This article examines the Japanese government’s ‘Project for Green Consumer Electronics to Promote Business through the Use of Eco-points’ and its economic impact on consumer electronics firms’ stock prices. There has been little research on the economic effect of this project. In order to achieve our aim, we employ event study methodology. Our results show that stock prices responded positively to programme adoption, thereby indicating that the programme had positive effects on the related firms’ performance. The results also show that the programme’s economic effects gradually decreased over each subsequent programme extension. This probably occurred because the programme targeted durable goods, which consumers do not replace frequently.     

Remittances channels and the physical growth of Honduran children

Ensuring the availability of food and other resources for young children is important for sustaining physical growth. We examine the role of remittances and its associated implications in determining heights and weights of 4459 children aged 0–5 years in Honduras in 2004. To address the endogeneity problem with household remittance receipt, we take advantage of the timing of Hurricane Mitch in 1998 to construct instrumental variables that are exogenously related to migration decisions made before children included in the later survey were conceived. We find that children are significantly taller and heavier for their age and gender in households receiving remittances. Further investigation of household spending indicates significant changes in food purchases and dietary diversity. Households receiving remittances are more likely to include fish, fruits, and meats in their diets. Additional findings also indicate that households receiving remittances spend absolutely more on food, health care, education, and durable goods. Overall, the findings provide strong evidence that remittances change household consumption and increase children’s body sizes.     

立法推进我国废旧家电回收处理产业化

目前，我国已成为家电的生产、消费、出口和报废大国。加快立法进程。研究建立我国废旧家电回收处理体系。推进废旧家电回收处理产业化。已成为贯彻落实科学发展观，走新型工业化道路。发展循环经济。建设节约型社会，实施可持续发展战略的一项十分重要而紧迫的任务。     

零售业网络销售渠道积极因素实证分析

针对零售连锁和网络销售的特点和理论,综合运用关键成功因素法,构建网络销售渠道积极因素结构模型,通过对网络消费的主要群体进行调查考证,使用数据挖掘技术中的因子分析方法,寻找确认对网络销售渠道有积极影响的若干因素,并依此对连锁零售业开拓网络销售渠道提出建议。     

Measuring the effects of advertising on green industry sales: a generalized propensity score approach

This article estimates the effects of advertising expenditures on annual gross sales of green industry firms using a quasi-experimental framework. In order to account for potential selection bias, a generalized propensity score and a dose-response function are used to estimate advertising treatment effects. The method used allows us to investigate the relationship between the dose (advertising expenditures) and the response (firm sales). We use data from the National Green Industry Surveys of 2009 and 2014 to conduct the analysis. To further investigate potential heterogeneous advertising effects of the size of the firms, we separate the sample into small firms and large firms, according to their annual gross sales. The results indicate that the magnitude and shape of the response function depend on the size of the firm. For small firms, increasing advertising spending yields to higher sales within a range of advertising spending. Beyond this range, advertising spending increases do not impact sales any more. Thus, small firms’ management should carefully monitor advertising input. For large firms, on the other hand, the current evidence does not support a positive relationship between advertising spending and sales since the marginal treatment effect is insignificant almost over the entire range of adverting spending.