扎龙自然保护区早春三条观鸟路线鸟类资源调查评价

扎龙自然保护区的3条观鸟路线共观察记录鸟类66种，其中国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类3种，Ⅱ级7种，省级保护鸟类5种；夏侯鸟49种；古北界种类45种、广布种19种、东洋界2种。路线A的鸟类多样性最高。路线B是比较理想的早春观鸟路线。     

大小兴安岭生态交错带生物多样性及其保护对策

2004—09-2005—04采用样线调查和布设样方等方法。对处于大小兴安岭生态交错带的黑龙江省黑河市胜山地区的生物多样性进行了考察；谊区不仅有森林、灌丛、草句、沼泽和草塘等多种生态系统类型，有生物物种2053种，其中高等植物896种、脊椎动物339种、昆虫330种、土壤动物59种、大型真菌429种，包括国家Ⅱ级重点保护植物7种，国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物6种，国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物43种；就管理和保护上存在的问题提出了有针对性的对策。     

达赉湖自然保护区湿地生物生境保护

达赉湖自然保护区保存了最完整的湿地生态系统和野生生物特有的遗传性,是我国重要的天然基因库之一;该区具有高等植物649种,隶属于71科,脊椎动物共有357种,隶属于64科,其中国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类7种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类42种,国家Ⅱ级保护哺乳类2种;自然条件和人为干扰导致的湿地污染以及对生物的驱逐效应的不断加剧,使该区生物面临着巨大的危险;从湿地生境安全保护的角度,提出了维持达赉湖自然保护区湿地生物多样性及其安全栖息生境的保护对策。     

武夷山自然保护区多样牲保护与科学管理

福建武夷山国家级自然保护区(以下简称武夷山自然保护区)位于福建、江西两省六县(市)的交界处，地理位置为东经117°27′～117°51′北纬27°33′～27°54′总面积56527公顷，其中核心区29272公顷、缓冲区12395公顷、实验区14860公顷，分别占总面积的51．8％、22％和26．2％。区内森林植被保护完好，森林覆盖率达96．3％，特别是拥有弥足珍贵的2．9万公顷原生性中亚热带森林植被，国家重点保护植物24种(Ⅰ级4种，Ⅱ级20种)，动物56种(Ⅰ级8种，Ⅱ级48种)。     

宁安小北湖国家级森林公园的鸟类资源与保护措施

1999～200年对宁安小北湖鸟类资源进行了调查，共记录有鸟类152种，隶属15目38科，其中古北界鸟类11种，广布种鸟类41种，在区系上表现出以古北界鸟类为主。留鸟、夏候鸟、旅鸟、冬候鸟分别为32，102，12，6种，各占鸟类总数的21.05%，67.11%，7.89%，3.95%，在居留型上主要以夏候鸟为主，其中中华秋沙鸭、鸳鸯、金雕等21种为国家I，Ⅱ级保护动物，列入中国濒危物种红皮书的有7种。     

娃娃鱼的人工养殖

娃娃鱼的人工养殖娃娃鱼学名大鲵，是一种营养丰富，肉味鲜美，经济价值较高的名贵特产，为我国一级保护动物。大级肉对治疗贫血、霍乱、痢疾、血经等症效果较好。现将人工养殖娃娃鱼的方法介绍如下：１．苗种来源。一是自然捕捉；二是人工繁殖。５－９月选择性成熟的亲鱼...     

刍议黑龙江省国土整治分区与评价

从黑龙江省土地资源的实况和研究程度出发，提出对土地进行两级分区：大区控制国土资源赋存、大的地貌分布规律和开发保护；亚区的划分主要根据地质灾害与环境地质问题及自然资源的开发保护和整治对策，将全省划分为7个大区32个亚区，并作出初步评价。     

山西历山国家级自然保护区毛皮动物资源调查

2012~2013年,采取实地调查、访问调查、查阅资料的方法对历山保护区内的毛皮动物进行了调查。调查结果表明区内现有毛皮动物27种,隶属于6目14科,占历山保护区兽类总种数的61.4%。其中有国家一级重点保护动物2种,二级重点保护动物4种,省级重点保护动物2种。其中獾类、狍子、黄鼬及松鼠科的岩鼠、花鼠、豹鼠适宜本土养殖。     

江苏省大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区

正国家AAAAA级旅游景区江苏省大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区位于江苏省东部黄海之滨,总面积4万亩,1997年经国务院批准晋升为国家级自然保护区,以保护麋鹿及黄海湿地生态系统为主要工作,栖息着近2000种野生动植物,除麋鹿外,被列入国家一、二级保护动物的还有丹顶鹤、白鹳、河麂等41种,列入《中日候鸟保护协定》的鸟类有93种。保护区自1986年麋鹿重引进后,麋鹿由当年的39头,发     

2011年第五批农产品地理标志登记产品公示信息

章丘市名优农产品协会等单位申请对“曹范核桃”等43个产品实施国家农产品地理标志臀记保护，申请材料已通过地县两级农业部门审核确认和省级农产品地理标志工作机构初审合格，     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.