产品模块化模型与标准化

产品模块化动态地反映了产品整体型结构和模块型结构的创新,也直接影响着企业对标准化产品战略的选择。本文依据经营结构理论指出了模块化产品应具备的基本属性,并进一步就影响产品模块化程度的参数进行了系统分析。通过企业新应用部件与产品模块化程度相关关系的确立,揭示出了产品模块化程度的运动规律,为企业产品标准化等战略选择提供了理性认识。     

New product launch: herd seeking or herd preventing?

A decision maker offers a new product to a number of potential adopers. He does not know the value of the product, but adopers receive some private information about it. We study how the decision maker may influence learning among adopers by manipulaing the launch sequence when both the decision maker and adopers can learn about the value of the product from previous adoption decisions. The conditions under which the decision maker prefers a sequential launch to a simultaneous launch depend on adopers?? prior beliefs about the value of the product and adoption costs. We derive the decision maker??s optimal launch sequence and study how it endogenizes informational herding.     

构建农产品加工企业供应链的问题及对策分析

本文从农产品加工企业供应链管理的内涵、功能及系统结构等方面的分析入手，指出了构建农产品加工企业供应链存在的主要问题，并提出相应对策。     

产品生态化设计与再造决策

基于再制造的产品生态化设计是生产商应对内外部刺激的关键策略,在市场需求和回收量不确定情况下,产品的制造/再制造系统变得复杂化。从生产商以生产总成本最小化为决策目标,建立了数学模型并求解得到了产品生态设计率、普通产品的回收再造率和生态产品的再造率等三个决策变量的最优值。通过数例进行计算并且分别基于12种成本参数进行敏感性分析。结果表明,生产商对于决策变量具有较强的策略性选择。     

江苏高新技术企业知识产权产品竞争力研究

在全面、深入分析知识产权产品竞争力影响因素的基础上,对企业知识产权产品及其竞争力的内涵进行界定,构建了知识产权产品竞争力评价指标体系。将模糊评价法与层次分析思想引入评价中,依据所构建的指标体系,以高新技术企业为对象测度知识产权产品竞争力。结果显示,2000-2007年高新技术企业知识产权产品竞争力普遍不容乐观,但竞争力强度不断增加。最后提出了提升江苏高新技术企业知识产权产品竞争力的对策建议。     

环境和经济兼容:一次性木筷产业持续发展之路

本文针对一次性木筷产业发展的两种对立观点,分析了一次性木筷产业可以实行环境和经济兼容的可行性,提出了实现一次性木筷产业可持续发展的产品替代问题、产品回收问题和财政措施.     

论我国缺陷产品召回制度

自上个世纪60年代起,以美国为首的发达国家先后建立了产品召回制度.鉴于目前频繁发生缺陷产品造成消费者伤害事件及不规范的产品召回实际,我国急需建立产品召回制度.针对我国目前缺陷产品召回制度的现状,从立法层面上提出了关于实施缺陷产品召回制度的建议.     

Learning,quality and prices

Product quality is often unknown to consumers. Purchasing decisions are based on individual expectations about product quality. Consumers, in general, acquire private information about product quality from observing the quality of purchased goods. This information is used to update prior expectations. This paper analyzes the effect of consumer learning on the optimal pricing strategy of a firm in a two period model.     

打造舟山海鲜美食文化旅游精品

中外许多旅游地建设的若干经验表明，旅游地正趋向于精品的营造，依靠旅游精品促使旅游地成为广大旅游者实现休闲、度假、观光等旅游消费目的的理想选择。舟山市旅游发展迫切需要打造一批旅游精品来推动群岛型海洋休闲度假旅游产品体系的建设。本文就打造海鲜美食文化旅游精品作了探讨，提出一些可行的策略。     

生态产业与可持续发展

本文提出区域生态生产观及其与可持续发展的关系,并从生态生产理论阐述了若干具体设想,作为区域可持续发展的有效手段.     

Copyright enforcement and product quality signaling in markets for computer software

This paper considers the impact of consumer copying of computer software when there is asymmetric information about product quality. In particular, the paper: (1) examines how the presence of copying can enhance the feasibility of production of high quality software when quality is a priori unknown to consumers and (2) explores the novel possibility that a software producer can signal product quality via its copyright enforcement decision. Under certain conditions, when there is asymmetric information about product quality, providers of high quality software can be made strictly better off with less than full copyright enforcement; in some cases, they do not produce at all in the absence of copying.     

关于保险产品创新的制度建设探讨

产品创新是保险业创新的重要内容。为加强和推动保险产品创新工作,需要通过加强制度建设、制度安排做保证。保险产品创新的制度建设,是关于保险体制、国家政策、保险企业经营指导思想、保险资源及保险专业人才培养等内容的整合。 为改善当前我国保险产品市场存在的产品种类单一、结构不合理,产品创新能力不高等问题,亟待加强保险产品的创新工作和产品创新的制度建设工作。     

高技术服务业产品侵蚀时机的选择研究

高技术服务企业要保持战略上的竞争力,需要不断地完善高技术服务产品,不断地进行高技术服务产品的创新和更新换代.因此,高技术服务业创新过程中的侵蚀现象成为一种普遍的现象.市场上在推出新的高技术服务产品之后,新一代服务产品将侵蚀老产品,老一代高技术服务产品的销售额会很快下降,把握好侵蚀的有效时机可以为高技术服务企业带来持续的竞争优势.本文通过对高技术服务业概念的回顾,介绍了高技术服务产品的侵蚀现象,接着分析了高技术服务业产品侵蚀时间的影响因素,最后通过模型分析了高技术服务企业产品侵蚀时机的选择,并得到一些启示.     

Product Downsizing and Hidden Price Increases: Evidence from Japan's Deflationary Period

In this paper, we empirically examine the extent to which product downsizing occurred during the deflationary period in Japan, as well as the effects of product downsizing on prices and quantities sold. Using scanner data on prices and quantities for all products sold at about 200 supermarkets over the last 10 years, we find that about one third of product replacements were accompanied by a size/weight reduction. We also find that a 1‐percentage point larger size/weight reduction is associated with a 0.45‐percentage point larger price decline, resulting in an effective price increase. Finally, we show that the quantities sold decline with product downsizing, and that the responsiveness of the quantity sold to size/weight changes is almost the same as the price elasticity, indicating that consumers are as sensitive to size/weight changes as they are to price changes. Our results suggest that the Japanese consumer price index may be downwardly biased rather than upwardly biased.     

我国大学城向高等教育产业集群演变的机理

根据超边际分析方法,我国大学城与高新科技园存在四种交易结构,这四种结构是逐渐演进的。产品市场的交易效率与产品的消费弹性、劳动力的产出弹性、中间产品劳动市场的交易效率、最终产品劳动市场的交易效率正相关,当产品市场的交易效率达到一定的极限,我国大学城转化为高等教育产业集群。要使产品市场的交易效率达到一定的极限,需要一些对策。     

Location decisions: The role of uncertainty about consumer tastes

This paper analyzes to what extent firms make decisions about location based on uncertainty about consumer tastes. The model used in this analysis incorporates a linear city and quadratic consumer-transportation costs. In this framework, when firms choose locations, or in other words, choose the kind of product they are going to manufacture, they ignore the location, or real tastes, of their consumers. The existence of uncertainty raises the degree of product differentiation, because the anti-competitive effect that arises as distance from rivals increases counteracts the reduction in the degree of differentiation provided by the demand effect.     

Advertising bans and product demand: how does marketing affect demand for a differentiated product?

Applied economists have made extensive use of product category time series studies to investigate the effects that an advertising ban might have on markets for potentially harmful products such as tobacco and alcohol. This paper argues that such studies can cast little light on the question, partly because they contain no plausible hypothesis of how advertising influences demand in a market for differentiated products. This paper extracts such an hypothesis from literature on the psychology of consumer behaviour, and uses it in simple economic model of a differentiated product market. The analytical results are sensitive to the precise assumptions made about the competitive structure of the market. This apparently negative conclusion is an important warning against making over-generalized predictions about the effects of an advertising ban. Finally, the paper makes several proposals about how its hypothesis could be tested empirically.     

中国打击假冒伪劣的立法缺陷与完善

中国在打击假冒伪劣立法方面还存在较多漏洞和不完善的地方,不论是产品质量监督管理与产品质量责任立法、打击假冒伪劣的知识产权立法,还是打击假冒伪劣的刑事立法,都需要与时俱进地加以修改和完善。     

The nonlinear effects of firm size on innovation: an empirical investigation

ABSTRACT

In conventional studies, large firms tend to emphasize more on process innovation than product innovation. This paper explores factors that could indicate a distinct pattern of firms’ innovation-size relationship: threshold size that implies a positive effect of firm size on the probability of product innovation success; cannibalization effect that creates incentives for large firms to favor product innovations; and financial constraints that have differential effects given different firm sizes. A hypothesis about a non-monotonic relationship between the proportion of product innovation and firm size is tested with nonlinear and dynamic econometric models. For the large firms, empirical evidence shows product innovations result in an overall larger share of new products in total sales, relative to existing products in which process innovations are rooted.     

Competition,Welfare and Macroeconomics: A Classical/Sraffian Perspective

The paper reflects on two phenomena seen by orthodoxy as key defining characteristics of imperfect competition: product differentiation and restricted mobility of resources. Product differentiation is first considered in terms of its significance within a Sraffian price model. This in turn allows one to consider the ‘welfare’ effects—considered here in terms of the impact on output per worker—of a degree of monopoly power, to the extent this is conferred on producers by product differentiation. Restricted mobility of resources on the other hand is considered in terms of its impact on the level and pattern of sectoral profit rates and via this on income-expenditure multipliers and hence aggregate output per unit of autonomous demand. Both parts of the analysis suggest that, at least from a Sraffian standpoint, no hard and fast conclusions can be drawn about the welfare effects of product differentiation or restricted mobility of resources; in turn casting doubts on more orthodox claims about the welfare impacts of imperfect competition.