Structural versus Quasi-Experimental Approaches to Industrial Organization

This paper charts some key milestones in the empirical developments in Industrial Organization, focusing on the types of questions examined and the empirical approaches adopted, specifically contrasting the structural and quasi-experimental approaches. Both have strengths and weaknesses, and both involve some art as well as science. The questions asked have become narrower but better specified.     

国际产业政策:产业政策研究的新领域

国际产业政策是顺应经济全球化时代由传统国别产业政策转型而来的一种新产业政策.本文从国际产业政策概念、国际产业政策形成的必然性和合理性、政策目标及主要内容、政策实施方式和手段等角度,综述了国际产业政策的理论研究及其研究中存在的不足.本文指出,加强国际产业政策的研究,对于正处在力争跨越式发展和追赶阶段的我国产业和企业参与全球竞争具有十分重要的战略意义.     

Understanding the Disruptive Innovation Wrought by Computers and the Internet: A Review

This review essay amalgamates the economic dynamics found in the rise of the computer industry, as detailed in Martin Campbell-Kelly and Daniel D. Garcia-Swartz, From mainframes to smartphones: A history of the international computer industry (Harvard University Press, 2015), and the metamorphosis of data networks in Shane Greenstein, How the Internet became commercial: Innovation, privatization, and the birth of a new network (Princeton University Press, 2015). These developments have altered the fields of industrial organization and public policy, while shaping the economy of the future. Both books offer deep and illuminating histories that inform our understanding of markets, technology, and government regulation.     

A Critical Reflection on Irish Industrial Policy: A Strategic Choice Approach

This paper offers a critical evaluation of recent Irish industrial policy (IP) experience. It argues that whilst Ireland managed to get some things “right” through its IP, substantial tensions arose through making foreign direct investment (FDI) attraction the centrepiece of policy, without at the same time adopting a more holistic approach in IP which inter alia also placed an emphasis on indigenous firms and entrepreneurship more generally. In particular, greater efforts should have been made much earlier in attempting to embed transnational corporation (TNC)-led activity better into the wider economy, in fostering domestic small firms and entrepreneurship, in promoting clusters, and more generally in evaluating IP more fully – notwithstanding the context which mitigated against such actions. As a result, Ireland as an economy remained vulnerable to strategic decisions made elsewhere by TNC decision makers, with IP effectively contributing to a situation that can be characterised as institutional and strategic failure. Overall, the paper suggests that wholesale emulation of the Irish IP approach is problematic.     

交易费用、经济组织与治理机制——诺贝尔经济学奖得主奥利弗·威廉姆森的学术贡献和借鉴意义

奥利弗·威廉姆森教授是2009年度诺贝尔经济学奖得主之一,其学术贡献不只是对纵向一体化或企业边界问题的开创性研究,纵向一体化只是经济组织问题的一个特例。以制度、组织和治理为主线,对威廉姆森的学术生涯、知识谱系、代表性著作的回顾,揭示了他所提出的交易费用经济学的分析方法,特别是匹配交易活动与治理形式的契约关系有效治理的分析框架,具有更大的理论价值和广泛的适用性。此外,他把产业组织理论与交易费用分析融合在一起,对反垄断和规制等问题的研究成果也独具特色。其理论成果在经验检验、应用经济学和公共政策研究领域具有广阔的应用前景,跨学科研究方法具有借鉴意义。     

The Dynamics of Listed SMEs in China

We examine the dynamics of Chinese listed SMEs with respect to their post-market viability and growth after going public. The Kaplan–Meier estimation shows that SMEs are more likely to transition to a non-viable state than large firms. Further examination using the Cox model and the random effects model shows that SME dynamics are shaped by heterogeneous firm and industry characteristics, as well as the underlying financial and institutional environments. SME viability is distinguished by its ability to grow through learning along with age, aided by lower business risk, more focused business, easier access to equity finance, and less exposure to competition in remote regions. SME growth is constrained by a dispersed ownership structure, insufficient infrastructure to protect firms which are active in R&D, and the limited financing role of equity markets. The study also reveals that government initiatives in support of strategic development in the service industries and in the coastal regions are of importance in spurring SME growth.     

出口退税新政的产业贸易影响分析

自2004年1月1日起,我国对出口退税政策进行了一次结构性调整。规定降低一般性出口产品退税率,调低或取消国家限制出口产品和部分资源性产品出口退税率。从一年来的贸易数据看,新政对出口贸易的走势产生了一定的影响,主要反映在大力度的出口退税带来了出口的高速增长;出口退税率结构性调整促进了出口商品结构进一步优化;出口退税率下调,使得贸易方式发生变化,加工贸易特别是来料加工贸易增长加快;新政促进了中西部经济发展,有利于支持西部大开发战略的实施。     

OFDI与投资国(地区)产业结构调整:文献综述

对20世纪90年代以来国内外学术界就OFDI与投资国产业结构调整的研究文献进行了系统的梳理、分析和总结。国外就该主题的研究起步早,在理论和研究方法上已相对成熟,而国内学术界对该主题的关注主要出现在我国加入WTO以后,基本上延续了国外的研究思路和方法。现有文献比较一致的研究结论是:OFDI对投资国产业结构调整具有直接或间接的促进作用;对我国而言,受OFDI规模小和"滞后效应"的影响,目前这一促进作用尚不明显。有待深入研究的问题是:OFDI对企业产品升级、技术创新和价值创造能力提升的作用,OFDI促进投资国产业结构调整的影响因素以及OFDI对投资国产业结构调整可能产生的负面影响。     

Retail Banking and Customer Behaviour: A Study of Self Concept,Satisfaction and Technology Usage

Prior research has investigated the effects of self-image congruence on satisfaction and brand preference. With the help of empirical research, the paper argues that, while self-image congruence may be related to customer satisfaction in a normal context, it may not necessarily affect satisfaction levels when customers are using technology-based self-services. Furthermore, during encounters involving self-service technologies, customers might experience satisfying or dissatisfying incidents which may not be related to their overall satisfaction and brand preference levels. The paper discusses implications for brand managers in the retail banking sector and suggests future research directions.     

外资并购与我国产业安全:综述及研究展望

20世纪90年代以来,我国外资并购呈现出快速发展的态势。学术界对于外资并购在企业发展、产业安全和经济安全中的作用一直存在很大的争议。目前的大部分研究着眼于宏观层面的分析,而对于产业层面与企业层面的经济安全研究的较少。本文在系统回顾与评述了国内外代表性文献与观点的基础上指出,未来的研究需要从静态研究扩展到动态研究、从定性分析扩展到定量分析、从宏观分析扩展到微观分析。涵盖微观、中观、宏观的多层次研究是今后进一步研究的重点与难点之所在。     

中国银行业创值能力分析--EVA体系对银行经营绩效的考察

中国经济要保持高速、稳定增长,需要进一步提高经济效率,实现质量型增长.其中,关键是资金效率.中国资金运用效率的高低很大程度上取决于占社会资金78%以上的银行业的资金效率.为此,本文应用EVA分析体系来综合系统地分析中国银行业的绩效.分析结果显示,上市银行虽然好于非上市银行,但由于国有商业银行的比重较大,银行业整体创值能力明显较弱.建议以提高国有商业银行资金运用效率为当下改进社会资金运用效率的切入口.     

Impact of the Financial Crisis on Banking Acquisitions: A Look at Shareholder Wealth

This paper examines the influence of the 2007–08 financial crisis on value creation for acquirer’s shareholders in the banking industry using a sample of 883 deals over 2004–12. Applying an exploratory and top-down approach, banking acquisitions are considered at the global level, narrowing the analysis step by step to consider domestic versus cross-border acquisitions. Then cross-border deals are split based on the economic development of the acquirer and target countries. It is observed that only acquisitions involving emerging-economy acquirers and developed-economy targets generate positive and significant returns to shareholders after the crisis. Major changes in the global acquisition landscape are also observed since 2007, with emerging-economy banks increasing their acquisition activity, both nationally and internationally.     

制度分割、产业集群与跨国公司区位

当前,产业集群快速发展,并已成为跨国公司的新区位,对文献的回顾也证明集聚经济已成为跨国公司新的优势来源。本文从经济组织角度研究了产业集群对于跨国公司区位的意义,特别注重制度分割对于产业集群的组织属性、效率边界及演进动力的作用,以及这种作用对于跨国公司区位的影响。最后提出发展中国家应以制度分割推进产业集群建设来制定引资战略的政策建议。     

Measuring Market Power in the Integrated Malaysian Poultry Industry: New Empirical Industrial Organization Approach

This article examines the level of competition that prevails in the Malaysian poultry markets by using the new empirical industrial organization methodology. We follow the Bresnahan (1982) and Lau (1982) oligopoly model, which allows the identification of market power using aggregated time-series data. The methodology involves the estimation of demand and supply equations for the identification of the parameters measuring the degree of market power. This study uses annual data from 1980–2010 to estimate the demand and supply equations of the poultry market in Malaysia. The estimation results show that the demand for chicken meat is inelastic (?0.124), indicating that consumers are not sensitive to price change. On the other hand, income is elastic at 3.636, implying that poultry meat is a luxury. The cross-price elasticity with respect to beef is ?2.405, rejecting beef as a substitute to chicken meat in Malaysia. The coefficient of conduct parameters for the three subperiods of 1980–1990, 1991–2004, and 2005–2010 measuring market power are 0.6740, 0.5540, and 0.5790, respectively. The results indicate imperfect competitive market in the poultry industry as more farmers opt to join poultry integrators.     

引入外资对中国保险产业组织影响的实证分析 --以上海为案例

本文从实证角度分析了引入外资对上海保险产业组织的影响.外资进入后,通过引起市场主体、市场份额的变化,使上海保险市场结构更趋合理.外资在对市场竞争行为的影响上,虽然可能使竞争无序,但总的效应是积极的.通过对中外资保险公司经营绩效的对比,本文认为,外资进入有利于上海保险市场绩效的提高.     

广告学的研究范式探析

现代广告学是广告产业飞速发展的产物，它源源不断地从广告实务界以度传播学、经济学、心理学、社会学等诸多学科汲取理论和实践支持。随着广告学理论研究的深入，以哲学、社会学的理论关照广告学的研究成为本学科走向成熟的必要环节，其中，范式理论的应用，更为广告学提供了不同的研究视角和不同的理论维度。本文试图在梳理广告学研究对不同范式的应用中，借鉴现有研究成果，总结专属于广告学研究的范式，并为广告学研究范式体系的构建提供一种思雏导引。     

中国股票市场:2005年回顾和2006年展望

本文系统地概括了中国股票市场2005年的重大事件,其中包括股权分置改革、新的<公司法>和<证券法>出台、证券产品创新和证券公司的整合,既分析了这些重大事件的成因,也探讨了它们的后续效应.并对2006年股市的可能走势进行了研讨,提出了一系列政策建议.     

基于金融环境因素的外国直接投资与产业集聚研究评述

本文对外国直接投资与产业集聚这一领域内的前沿研究成果进行梳理,对该理论的发展脉络进行述评,并从外国直接投资溢出效应和其他方面综述了近年来国内外有关外国直接投资与产业集聚的实证研究。在对外国直接投资作用于产业集聚制约因素分析的基础上,提出了金融环境因素这一新视角,该视角在外国直接投资促进产业集聚过程中起着至关重要的作用,却被学者们所忽视。毋庸置疑,该视角未来的研究将对我国外国直接投资与产业集聚研究具有重要意义。     

Corporate Demography and Empirical Industrial Organization: A Critical Appraisal

The emerging field of corporate demography views corporations and industries in a similar way to human or animal individuals and groups. In spite of a surprisingly large overlap of subject matter with economics, corporate demography is not well-known by, nor easily accessible to economists. An extremely useful recent book, The Demography of Corporations and Industries, by Glenn R. Carroll and Michael T. Hannan (2000) should change that. This review essay critically examines corporate demography from an economic viewpoint. The very different view of competition in corporate demography gets particular attention.