江苏省出口商品结构及存在问题的优化——基于1999-2015年数据分析

江苏省是全国出口贸易大省,数据分析表明近年来江苏省的出口商品结构已经有所优化,但是仍然存在着出口商品技术含量及附加值较低、出口商品结构与低碳经济的要求不一致等问题,需要通过加大科技投入,提升本土企业的自主创新能力,提高产品质量,打造自主出口品牌使江苏省的出口商品结构进一步优化。     

国际贸易与国际直接投资关系的实证研究——以巴西为例

随着全球经济一体化的发展，国际贸易与国际直接投资的关系日益紧密，两者对于促进一国经济的增长具有十分重要的意义。本文选取了巴西26年的宏观经济数据来实证分析两者之间的关系。巴西是重要的转型发展中国家，巴西的经验对其他发展中国家有借鉴意义。     

基于产品技术含量分类的中德出口商品结构比较

本文采用2001-2011年的全球贸易数据,从产品技术含量的视角比较了中德出口商品结构。与2001年相比,2011年中国中技术含量产品出口比例最高,形成两头小、中间大的格局,而同期德国变化最大的是高技术含量产品出口比例有所提升;在2001-2011年的绝大多数年份里,中国出口商品整体技术水平超过了德国,但就技术高度而言远落后于德国;中国出口商品技术结构变动幅度大,德国则比较稳定;除了2004-2006年间中国的出口结构优化程度高于德国外,其余时段德国出口商品结构质量更高;中国高技术产品优化较明显,但仍没有德国高技术产品的优化度高。     

新疆对外开放度与经济增长相关性分析——基于1985—2010年数据的实证研究

本文对新疆对外开放度与经济增长的相关性进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:新疆可以通过转变经济增长方式、提升出口商品技术含量等途径进一步提升对外开放度,促进新疆经济增长。     

资讯·环球

巴西中央银行近日公布数据显示,该国经济活力指数2014年3月份环比下跌0.11％,一季度环比仅增长Q3％。专家认为,这一结果表明巴西经济并未呈现复苏迹象。 但如果大家以为连续四年经济下滑的巴西,是一个物价便宜的发展中国家,那就大错特错了。     

浅析中巴经贸合作

随着世界经济的不断发展和全球化的进一步深入,产业内贸易逐渐成为国际贸易中新的贸易型态,并在发展中国家盛行。中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,而巴西是南美洲最大的发展中国家。两国的相互贸易不仅有利于自身的经济发展,同时对全球经济做出了巨大的贡献。本文通过总结中巴经贸合作的现状、研究双方经贸合作中出现的问题,最后对发展我国同巴西的贸易关系以及如何提高我国产业竞争力、拓展我国的对外贸易提出了对策和建议。     

不断扩大高技术产品出口 提高高技术产品的出口比重

不断扩大高技术产品出口,提高高技术产品在出口商品结构中的比重,是符合当今国际贸易的发展趋势的。随着世界经济和科学技术的发展,国际贸易正向着技术含量不断提高的方向演进,高技术产品出口成为整个世界贸易中发展最快、潜力最大的贸易形态,它直接影响和决定了整个...     

低碳经济背景下优化浙江省出口商品结构及对策

由于外部世界低碳经济的发展背景和内部由生产力发展水平决定的产业结构转型升级的现时状况,决定了浙江省在外部和内部合力的作用下势必需要走一条出口产业、出口商品低碳发展的道路,这是一条对传统出口商品结构进行调整、升级、优化的道路,即力求出口商品低碳、高技术、高附加值、提高第三产业产品出口比重的道路。为应对和预防进口贸易国对外国出口商品可实施碳足迹、碳标签、碳关税等新型贸易壁垒措施,浙江省应该借助省内产业结构转型升级的契机,在保持传统特色产品出口的基础上,采取积极引进和广泛应用节能、清洁、低碳技术,提高出口商品的技术含量和附加值,增加环保、绿色服务业产品的出口比重,促进出口商品结构不断优化。     

黑龙江省与江苏省对外贸易与经济增长关系的比较分析

近年来黑龙江省对外贸易取得一定成就,但与发达省份相比差距依旧明显。在运用计量经济学中的协整检验及格兰杰因果检验法对黑龙江省与江苏省对外贸易与经济增长关系进行分析后发现,由于两省在对外贸易开放程度、出口商品技术含量、加工贸易发展程度、贸易伙伴集中度等方面存在差异,导致两省对外贸易促进经济增长的作用明显不同。     

江苏发展国际劳务的思考

国际劳务经济——全球经济中新的增长点 在全球生产要素流动中最为重要的是国际资本的流动——金融资本和人力资本。与国际资金流不同。由于新的国际劳动分工，人力资本的流动不同于工业革命初期大量劳力单向地从发展中国家进人工业化国家，从事开垦、采矿、加工、修筑等技术含量低的劳动模式。由于市场竞争，一些发展中国家众多     

Case study: TV globo– the Brazilian media giant

Brazilian multinational corporations are operating in several markets around the globe. The export of technology is an important development toward diversification of exports and gains in global competitiveness. This article shows that a Brazilian multinational, TV Globo, has engaged in the exportation of indigenous technology in an area where the level of sophistication is relatively high and traditionally controlled by multinationals from developed countries.     

Huge Business Potential in China and Brazil

Brazil has the largest economy in Latin America, and the world＇s tenth largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity. In recent years, Brazil has become a well developed nation and its exports are increasing, with major export industries that include aircraft, coffee, automobiles, soybean, steel, textiles, and electronics. Its biggest investment boom in history is still under way as it continues to focus on attracting investment from foreign countries.     

The Impacts of Alignment with Global Product Standards on Exports of Firms in Developing Countries

Complying with global standards and technical norms can be costly, making them potential impediments to trade, but it can also expand export opportunities. Two policies available to governments are alignment of domestic technical regulations with international standards and entry into mutual recognition agreements (MRAs). We study the effects of such decisions on the volume of exports to developed markets by firms in developing countries, using data from a World Bank firm‐level survey of awareness of global product norms. Both standards alignment and MRAs are associated with more exports to developed countries, but only MRAs significantly promote exports. This finding is consistent with theoretical predictions that MRAs should reduce the fixed costs of exporting more than standards alignment, permitting more firms to enter export markets in higher volumes. Governments in developing countries hoping to encourage exports may wish to favour the negotiation of mutual recognition of testing and certification procedures with major trading partners as a more affirmative avenue to expanding international sales.     

替代出口还是促进出口——我国对外直接投资对出口的影响研究

自2002年以来,我国对外直接投资发展迅猛,迅速增长的对外直接投资会促进我国对东道国的出口还是会用海外生产来替代我国对该国的出口呢?本文结合我国对外直接投资与出口贸易的现实情况,通过构建一个影响出口的引力模型,并利用我国2004-2010年35个国家的面板数据进行了混合回归模型分析。研究结果表明,我国对外直接投资对出口贸易存在明显的促进作用,且无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,这种促进效应都存在。因此,对于我国目前而言,无论是对发达国家的逆向上行投资,还是对发展中国家的顺向下行投资,都是具有贸易创造效应的海外投资。     

国际产品内分工与进出口贸易——基于我国工业行业面板数据的经验研究

在经济全球化兴起和科技迅猛发展的大背景下,以国际产品内分工为基础的中间品贸易日益盛行,并成为当今国际贸易领域的重要特征之一。本文分年度、分行业地测算了连续14年我国工业行业参与国际产品内分工的程度,并实证研究了其对我国进出口贸易的影响。结论是:近十余年来,国际产品内分工有力地促进了我国工业各行业进出口贸易额的增长;同时,垂直专业化比重(VSS)的上升也在一定程度上推动了我国工业行业贸易顺差的增长。     

When an Importer's Protection of IPR Interacts with an Exporter's Level of Technology: Comparing the Impacts on the Exports of the North and South

Using bilateral trade data of countries from 2000 to 2007, this paper contributes to the empirical literature on the role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in global trade. The existing literature has focused on how IPRs in the destination country affect exports from a source country. In this paper, we add an additional dimension: the level of technology of the exporting country (LT). This is quite important for distinguishing the impact of IPRs on the exports of developed and developing countries, since the technology levels vary across countries at different stages of development and intellectual property rights better protect exports that are technologically advanced than exports that are imitative and potentially infringing. By factoring in the level of technology (LT), our empirical analysis makes the case that IPRs can act as a barrier to the exports from the South, especially the rapidly catching‐up economies, and thus be a source for the middle‐income trap phenomenon.     

Globalization and female labor force participation: The role of trading partners

This paper uses industrial level data from 21 developing and emerging economies over the period of 1995–2013, to analyze the impact of globalization, in particular, trade orientation of industries onto female employment share. The fractional probit estimation reveals that taking cumulative measures of export and import share often camouflages the impact of trade on female employment. The disintegration of export and import share according to their trading partners reveals that exports and imports from the developed world alone contribute to higher female employment. Moreover, it is the low-tech exports to developed countries and high-tech imports from developed countries which results in an increase in female employment. These findings call for the strengthening of trade ties with the developed world, especially when it comes to promoting low-tech exports and high-tech imports. Our results also reveal that the trading links with the developed world can further enhance female employment if developing country possesses a greater pool of educated female labor force.     

The role of endowments,technology and size in international trade: new evidence from product-level data

Using product-level trade data, we empirically investigate the export patterns of more than 150 countries in their exports to the USA, Brazil, India, and Japan. We document strong evidence that exporters specialize according to their relative factor endowments, technology, and economic size. More developed, capital abundant countries are found to export products of higher unit values and a wider range of products to developed, emerging and developing markets. More developed, economically larger, and technologically advanced countries are also the major exporters of new products, spanning a wide range of product categories with high unit values. Our findings provide important insights into the macro phenomenon that a large proportion of the global trade takes place among developed economies, and that the latter are also major exporters to developing markets.     

Measuring the Competitive Threat from China for other Southern Exporters

In recent years there has been a growing literature which analyses the threat which Chinese exports pose to the exports of other developing countries. This paper provides a critique of the standard measures of export similarity which have been used to estimate the threat from China in these studies. Two alternative indices, the Static and the Dynamic Index of Competitive Threat, are developed and estimated for 18 developing countries and compared with estimates for the standard measures. It is shown that the latter tend to underestimate the extent to which countries are threatened by China. They also distort both the rankings of countries according to the extent to which they face competition from China and the direction of change in the competitive threat over time.     

Fending off waste from the west: The impact of China's Operation Green Fence on the international waste trade

China launched the first Operation Green Fence (OGF) on 1 February 2013 to fend off inflows of illegal waste. The main objective of OGF was to enforce waste trade policies already adopted by China and thereby restrict illegal waste imports. We use a gravity model of international trade with annual bilateral waste trade data at the 6-digit HS code level to assess the impact of OGF on the international waste trade. First, we study the direct impact of OGF and find that the intervention resulted in a 26% drop in low-quality waste exports to China from developed countries. Second, we assess the impact of OGF on exports from developed countries to developing countries, excluding China. We do not find a statistically significant effect of OGF on low-quality waste exports from developed countries to developing countries (excluding China). We also test the waste haven hypothesis and do not find evidence that waste exports were disproportionately diverted to countries with lax environmental regulation.