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应用意愿价值评估法,科学制订生态补偿标准 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文系统梳理了生态服务及其价值评估、支付意愿与补偿标准之间的理论联系,分析了当前生态补偿实践中存在的理论误区,指出充分考虑利益主体的意愿是科学制定补偿标准的必要环节,意愿价值评估法的应用将增强我国生态补偿标准的科学性。最后,提出了该方法在生态补偿实践中存在的问题和研究方向。 相似文献
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用条件估值法评估九寨沟的游憩价值——CVM方法的校正与比较 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
自然游憩资源作为环境资源的一种,是最活跃的环境价值研究领域之一。条件估值法(CVM)是国际上用于游憩价值评估的两种经典方法之一,其评估结果受不同引导评估技术的影响。以九寨沟自然保护区为例,选择了在统计有效性方面具有相对优势的支付卡梯级法和1.5边界二分法,来评估其游憩价值。结果表明,主要由于"胖尾"偏差的影响,1.5边界二分法获得的支付意愿(WTP)要高于支付卡梯级法;在进行了偏差校正后,二者所获得的估值结果相当接近,说明本研究的内部有效性检验较为理想。研究认为即使对我国这样的发展中国家,CVM仍为一种富有前景的环境资源价值评估方法,不过必须建立在对CVM调查各个环节的精心设计、严谨实施和审慎分析的基础上。 相似文献
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从中国知网选取97篇相关论文作为样本,从研究领域、主要发表期刊、所属学科、具体研究内容、研究过程、关键技术等方面进行了统计分析,对使用CVM在遗产价值评价方面的研究进行了梳理、述评,并对当前研究中存在的问题进行评析,旨在明晰CVM在遗产资源价值评价中的研究现状及发展进程. 相似文献
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城市森林的生态服务功能及经济价值研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
城市森林是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,是城市可持续发展的基础和保障。城市森林为城市生态系统提供了多方面的服务功能。文章阐述了城市森林改善城市小气候、净化大气、涵养水源、维持大气碳氧平衡、消除噪音等的生态服务功能,即其生态效益,间接地计算其经济价值,表明其经济效益。 相似文献
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对生态系统服务价值评估理论的发展现状进行阐述,通过介绍生态价值的概念、特性、实现、分类和意义和生态经济价值与生态资本价值的文献综述阐明生态系统服务价值评估理论的发展现状。 相似文献
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在经济分析发展史上,价值与分配理论一直是经济学纯理论争论的核心。不论是强调社会关系的古典剩余传统,还是专注于技术分析的新古典供求传统,不同派别都对这一基础理论提出了完全不同的观点。新古典理论一系列逻辑悖论产生的原因,正是在于其完全回避了特定资本主义制度及其经济关系所致;相反,古典和马克思经济学则强调了现实资本主义经济体系中以剩余概念来表述资本与劳动对立关系的经济本质。从而表明,只有引入社会关系的古典剩余经济传统的分析方法,才能够得出对现实问题更有说服力的解释。 相似文献
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新疆棉花生产的外部性价值评估——基于棉花补贴视角 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
外部性是农业部门普遍存在的经济现象,作为农业重要组成部分的棉花产业也不例外.新疆作为我国最主要产棉区,由于正外部性未得到矫正,其棉花生产的稳定发展受到极大的影响.因此,以新疆棉花生产为例,运用条件价值法(CVM),通过对新疆棉花生产正外部性补贴的支付意愿调查,估算了棉花生产的生态环境、自然景观及社会保障等正外部性价值;运用分解求和法,测算了新疆棉花生产过程中,棉田吸收CO2、棉田土壤固碳、棉花生产中物资燃料使用带来的碳排放等环境外部性价值.结果表明:新疆棉花生产的外部性综合表现为正,其外部性的总价值高达101.5268×108元.若将此作为计算棉花补贴的依据,则棉花可补贴6 951.03元/hm2;并提出将其作为棉花生产补贴标准,增加补贴项目,提高补贴额度,稳定棉花生产,保障棉花产业安全的政策建议. 相似文献
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海洋生态系统服务非市场价值评估,将生态系统服务无法由市场直接体现的效用价值量化为货币价值,是实现生态资源可持续发展的重要手段,同时也为资源合理利用和补偿、环境价值核算等提供了必要的决策依据。本文基于我国现有研究,分别从生态系统类型、时空分布、评估类别、评估技术以及信度和效度检验五个方面,系统地分析了我国海洋生态系统服务非市场价值评估研究现状,识别出当前的研究特征。研究结果显示近年来我国海洋生态系统服务非市场价值评估研究增长迅速,尤其以上海、山东、辽宁等沿海区域为主要研究对象;湿地和海湾海滨生态系统的研究最为密集,其中对使用价值的研究远远超过非使用价值;条件价值法和旅行成本法是主要研究方法,两种方法都以游憩价值评估为主;评估结果的信度与效度检验是当前研究的薄弱环节,也是未来研究的重点发展方向。 相似文献
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南京市公众对长江水质改善的支付意愿及支付方式的调查 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文以南京市为例.利用支付卡式的条件价值评估(OVM)技术.通过发放调查问卷及访谈的形式对公众改善长江水质的支付意愿进行了深入研究。结果表明:(1)南京市居民对长江水质恢复的户均年支付意愿为100.66元.76.5%的受访者的支付意愿大于零,8.4%的受访问者虽有支付意愿但限于低经济收入原因支付意愿为零.15.1%的受访者拒绝支付;(2)影响居民支付意愿的主要因素包括家庭收入、环境意识及文化程度;(3)南京市居民偏爱的支付方式依次为捐款、交税、存取基金方式及提高水价.水价上涨并不是面向公众筹集长江水质改善资金的唯一有效方式。根据调查结果,本文认为增加收入,提高水环境保护意识.引入“谁收益、谁支付”观点是提高居民支付意愿的有效途径。 相似文献
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This paper provides further empirical evidence of the validity of environmental benefits transfer based on CV studies by expanding the analysis to include control factors which have not been accounted for in previous studies. These factors refer to differences in respondent attitudes. Traditional population characteristics were taken into account, but these variables do not explain why respondents from the same socio-economic group may still hold different beliefs, norms or values and hence have different attitudes and consequently state different WTP amounts. The test results are mixed. The function transfer approach is valid in one case, but is rejected in the 3 other cases investigated in this paper. We provide further evidence that in the case of statistically valid benefits transfer, the function approach results in a more robust benefits transfer than the unit value approach. We also show that the equality of coefficient estimates is a necessary, but insufficient condition for valid benefit function transfer and discuss the implications for previous and future validity testing. 相似文献
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The validity of environmental benefit transfer has been tested on numerous occasions assuming classical null hypothesis of equality. We argue against this assumption on the basis of theory, which clearly indicates that environmental benefits should be assumed to vary from context to context. We suggest the use of equivalence testing as a more appropriate and a clear compliment to the shortcomings of classical tests. Equivalence tests test the null hypothesis of difference between the original and transferred value estimates. Equivalence tests also combine the concepts of statistical significance and policy significance into one test, by defining an acceptable transfer error prior to the validity test. The results of a published study on validity of benefit transfer are reversed when subjected to an equivalence test.JEL classifications: Q26, C12 相似文献
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Gregory L. Poe Jeremy E. Clark Daniel Rondeau William D. Schulze 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,23(1):105-131
Past field validity tests of contingent valuation have relied on voluntary contribution mechanisms to elicit actual willingness to pay, and may overestimate hypothetical bias because of free riding in the actual contributions. This paper argues that provision point mechanisms are a preferred alternative for field validity tests of contingent valuation because they increase the proportion of demand revealed in cases in which public goods can be provided in a step function. The results of a contingent valuation validity study of participation in a green electricity pricing program that uses a provision point mechanism are reported, and hypothetical open-ended and dichotomous choice responses are compared to actual participation. Calibration of hypothetical responses is also explored. 相似文献
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Construct Validity of Dichotomous and Polychotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Questions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John C. Whitehead Ju-Chin Huang Glenn C. Blomquist Richard C. Ready 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1998,11(1):107-116
In this note we conduct construct validity tests for dichotomous choice (DC) and polychotomous choice (PC) contingent valuation questions. Contrary to previous results, we find that DC and PC estimates of willingness to pay are theoretically valid, convergent valid, and similar in terms of statistical precision. Similar to previous results, PC respondents are less sensitive to information than DC respondents. We conclude that DC and PC valuation questions are construct valid for this study. Sequential PC valuation questions could be used in studies where obtaining information about the certainty or intensity of respondent preferences would be useful. 相似文献
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A potential concern in multiple bounded discrete choice contingent valuation surveys – where the respondent is asked to express voting certainty, rather than a simple yes or no, on a large number of payment amounts (bids) – is whether responses are influenced by the particular position of bids in the bid-voting panel rather than solely on the respondents willingness to pay (WTP). For instance, respondents may systematically state they would pay the first few bid amounts and not pay all subsequent bids – regardless of the actual dollar values. Such systematic bid design effects would suggest that this method does not provide a valid measure of WTP. Using a split-sample survey, we compare responses to three different bid arrays that have an identical minimum bid, maximum bid, and number of bids. Using nonparametric estimation techniques, we find that estimated WTP distributions and corresponding welfare measures are not statistically different across survey samples. 相似文献
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刘超 《生态经济(学术版)》2012,(1):163-165
针对非景区型森林景观具有公共物品的特性,运用调查评价法评估其经济价值。在星子县大排岭瓷土矿区森林景观价值评估中,477个样本的人均支付意愿为66.86元,以白鹿镇人口为基数,计算大排岭矿区森林景观的总价值为1 671 834元。在支付意愿相关性分析中发现:收入与支付意愿中度相关(r=0.64,p<0.01),职业、学历与支付意愿低度相关(r=0.352&0.367,p<0.01),年龄、性别与支付意愿不相关。 相似文献
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Edward Balistreri Gary McClelland Gregory Poe William Schulze 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2001,18(3):275-292
Can hypothetical questions reveal true values? An examination of thelaboratory experimental literature examining contingent valuation (CV)lends some support for using open-ended hypothetical willingness to payquestions. However, experimental studies examining dichotomous choicehave found that hypothetical answers overstate demand. Consistent withthe experimental literature, published CV studies comparing open-ended todichotomous choice questions have shown that values from the dichotomouschoice method equal or exceed those of the open-ended method in everycase. This paper presents a series of experiments employing more than 800subjects to test this hypothesis for CV and compares the CV results toactual auction values in a single controlled experimental environment. 相似文献