用条件估值法评估九寨沟的游憩价值——CVM方法的校正与比较

自然游憩资源作为环境资源的一种,是最活跃的环境价值研究领域之一。条件估值法(CVM)是国际上用于游憩价值评估的两种经典方法之一,其评估结果受不同引导评估技术的影响。以九寨沟自然保护区为例,选择了在统计有效性方面具有相对优势的支付卡梯级法和1.5边界二分法,来评估其游憩价值。结果表明,主要由于"胖尾"偏差的影响,1.5边界二分法获得的支付意愿(WTP)要高于支付卡梯级法;在进行了偏差校正后,二者所获得的估值结果相当接近,说明本研究的内部有效性检验较为理想。研究认为即使对我国这样的发展中国家,CVM仍为一种富有前景的环境资源价值评估方法,不过必须建立在对CVM调查各个环节的精心设计、严谨实施和审慎分析的基础上。     

意愿价值评估法在我国资源环境测度中的应用及其发展

意愿价值评估方法(CVM)作为一种计量和评价环境价值的方法,在国外发达国家已得到普遍应用,在发展中国家的应用也日益增多.作者回顾了CVM在我国研究与应用的发展进程,对我国CVM研究的现状和存在问题进行评析,对进一步推广CVM在我国的应用提出建议.     

江苏省近海海洋渔业资源价值评估研究

随着人类经济生活向海程度的深化,海洋渔业资源的稀缺性使其价值日益突显。但是,海洋渔业资源价值评估的文献却很少。文章在回顾相关文献和相关理论基础上,分析了海洋渔业资源价值的构成及评估方法,对江苏省近海海域海洋渔业资源的经济价值、生态价值、社会价值、存在价值、遗传价值和选择价值进行了评估,结果为3 344.08 亿元,评估结果对认识海洋渔业资源价值并加强对海洋渔业资源保护具有较为重要的意义,同时也存在评估方法不够科学等问题。     

我国促进生态产品价值实现相关政策进展

理论研究上,对生态产品及其价值实现的内涵和边界尚未形成统一的认识。政策实践中,有一系列的政策与促进生态产品价值实现相关,包含经济政策和市场化环境政策工具。十八大以来,我国积极探索生态产品价值实现机制,并取得积极进展。本报告重点总结分析生态补偿、资源产品价格机制、用能权交易、用水权交易、排污权交易、碳排放权交易、绿色金融等相关政策的进展。从政策实施效果来看,受发展阶段、监管水平等因素的限制,针对可交易的市场化生态产品,其价值实现机制在环境治理政策体系中处于辅助位置。应理性看待市场化生态产品价值实现机制在"两山转换"中的作用。从长期看,随着环境治理体系完善、政府监管有效性的改进,生态产品价值实现机制将进一步完善,其发挥作用有效性将逐步提高。生态产品价值实现的政策创新应充分考虑制度条件和技术条件。     

基于能值理论的生态系统价值研究综述

能值作为连接生态系统和社会经济系统的桥梁,一经提出,便被经济学界和生态学界给予了高度重视,对能值的理论研究和应用研究投入了巨大的精力。能值从"质料"层面将不同质、量的能量统归于能值,打破了"能量壁垒",成为不同质、量的能量的统一衡量尺度。能值天然的统一性,客观反映生态系统资源功能价值和生态服务价值两方面生态价值,规范生态系统价值评估。将能值纳入地下水生态系统价值评估体系,有利于理清地下水生态系统的资源和功能状况,反映地下水生态系统价值的评估的真实客观性。     

基于条件价值法的绿色基础设施社会 效用评估——以苏州金鸡湖景区为例

绿色基础设施的开发利用不仅要考虑经济可行性,即政府或私人投资者的直接成本和收入,还要考虑外部性的社会福利或成本。基于随机抽样调查,针对苏州金鸡湖绿色基础设施的特点,利用条件价值法(Contingent Valuation Method,CVM)对其非使用价值进行货币化评估,并分析了相关影响因素。研究结果表明,苏州金鸡湖保护式开发的平均支付意愿满足理性选择理论,性别和年龄等社会因素对支付意愿有显著影响,整体社会效益明显。研究结论有助于政府和公众从社会效用角度审视绿色基础设施,为政府城市更新、生态恢复等决策的制定提供理论支持。     

条件价值评价法在旅游资源价值评价中的应用

随着我国旅游业的不断发展及各类旅游资源经营管理模式的多样化发展,人们对于旅游资源价值的认识也不断提升。本文介绍了条件价值评价法及其发展。重点归纳于影响其结果有效性和可靠性的可能因素。在此基础上,结合自身研究,对运用条件价值评价法评价旅游资源经济价值实践应用中如何提高其有效性作了论述。     

旅游资源价值评估问题探析

旅游资源价值评估是目前旅游资源学、资源经济学和环境经济学等学科研究的热点和难点。本文在介绍旅游资源价值评估的理论基础上,回顾了旅游资源价值评估的国内外研究进展,详细介绍了TCM和CVM两种经典评估模型,并在此基础上提出了目前旅游资源价值评估存在的三大问题：第一,旅游资源价值构成体系尚未形成统一的认识,本文在参考已有的价值分类系统基础上,提出了旅游资源价值构成体系；第二,现有价值评估方法有待深入研究,本文指出了旅行费用法(TCM)和条件价值法(CVM)两种经典评估模型的不足；第三,旅游资源价值动态变化的影响因子体系尚未明确。     

生态系统服务价值评估理论的发展现状

对生态系统服务价值评估理论的发展现状进行阐述,通过介绍生态价值的概念、特性、实现、分类和意义和生态经济价值与生态资本价值的文献综述阐明生态系统服务价值评估理论的发展现状。     

论耕地资源的生态价值及其实现

本文以我国耕地资源的变化趋势分析为基础,认为耕地的生态价值必须通过相应的途径在耕地所有者与生产者身上体现。并重点进行了以下三个方面的讨论:①耕地资源生态价值的理论基础;②耕地资源生态价值的构成及其评估方法;③耕地资源生态价值实现的途径。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。