Manufacturing Sector Growth: A Case Study of Singapore

Abstract

This paper attempts to highlight some of the challenges faced by the Singaporean economy in general and the manufacturing sector in particular. Statistical analysis is used to demonstrate the role of human capital and foreign investment on manufacturing output for the period 1980–2004. The paper shows that a long-run relationship exists among the real manufacturing output per-unit of employment, real foreign investment per-unit of employment and real human capital per-unit of employment. The paper also provides time series forecasts for the growth rates of real output, productivity and investment in Singaporean manufacturing sector.     

FDI技术溢出渠道与中国制造业生产率增长研究:基于面板数据的分析

本文使用基于DEA的Malmquist指数方法分析了中国制造业全要素生产率(TFP)及其分解变量技术进步和技术效率的变化规律;利用制造业内资部门2000~2005年的行业层面板数据,在控制了研发和出口交货值两个变量的基础上,考察了FDI水平关联和前、后关联对全要素生产率及其分解变量的影响。我们发现研发与出口交货值对生产率存在正的影响,FDI总体上对内资企业产生了正向技术溢出效应,而且更多地是由后向关联促进技术进步带来的;前向关联没有产生技术溢出效应;水平关联与前、后向关联技术溢出的实现方式不同,主要通过技术效率渠道促进全要素生产率的提高。分组回归结果表明,FDI技术溢出渠道在技术水平、行业集中度与出口依存度等行业分组指标下存在明显不同的传导机制。     

生产性服务贸易出口技术结构对包容性增长的影响研究

本文在开放环境下尝试以美国、日本、欧洲和部分金砖国家为代表,研究生产性服务贸易出口技术结构对各国包容性增长的影响效应。通过实证研究后发现,一国高技术生产性服务出口密度提升可以促进包容性增长,而低技术密度增长却降低了一国经济的可持续发展,但利于短期GDP上升。这一结果表明,当下面对中国经济实现稳定增长的迫切需要,我们应该大力提升高技术金融保险、专利及所有权业的出口密度,降低运输和其他商业的出口比重。为此我们应该做好取舍,必要时需以牺牲短期GDP增长为代价。     

金融中介部门发展与经济增长——基于转型国家的实证检验

通过利用25个转型国家1993-2003年的面板数据,对转型国家金融中介部门发展与经济增长的关系进行检验后发现:存贷款利差与实际GDP增长率互为因果关系;对私人部门信贷的相对增加不仅没有加速经济增长,相反在有些国家还阻碍了经济的长期增长。广义货币量的相对增加对转型国家的经济增长没有促进作用,甚至在CEE和波罗的海国家,M2占GDP的比重与实际GDP增长率之间存在显著负相关。实证结果表明,在软约束盛行的转型国家,提高金融中介部门的效率比其增加其对私人部门的信贷更有利于加速经济增长。     

精益生产和敏捷制造比较研究

在分析精益生产和敏捷制造这两种生产模式各自内涵、特点及其相互关系的基础上,提出了两种管理模式的融合途径,最后对我国企业提出了一些建议。     

Productivity Growth in Different Plant‐size Groups in the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector*

In the present study, we develop a stochastic frontier production model that allows for different groups of firms to have different patterns of technical efficiency over time. We apply our model to the Malaysian manufacturing sector to decompose total factor productivity growth into technical efficiency change and technical progress for different plant size groups (e.g. large and small) in seven industries during 2000–2004. Our empirical results indicate that technical efficiency has worsened across all industries and plant‐size groups. In contrast, we find evidence of substantial technical progress in all industries. In fact, technical progress has been larger than technical efficiency deterioration in most industries and plant‐size groups, leading to total factor productivity growth. Our analysis identifies the industries and plant‐size groups that lag the most in terms of productivity, and thus have the greatest scope for policies that facilitate productivity growth.     

The Dutch Disease and the Development of the Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria: 1970-85

Abstract: This paper sets out to examine the relevance of the Dutch disease model to the circumstances of Nigeria, and by extension, other African countries, with particular emphasis on the manufacturing sector. The results of the study indicate that, while the model has contributed to our understanding of some of the processes of change, it has left important gaps in our understanding of the dynamics of the Nigerian manufacturing sector. The reasons for this are attributed partly to the inability of the model to take sufficient cognisance of state intervention and market failure, partly to some of its inappropriate assumptions, and partly to the structure of the model. Résumé: Le présent rapport a pour but d'examiner le rapport entre le modèle de la thyllose parasitaire de Porme et les conditions du Nigeria et par extension, d'autres pays africains, en mettant un accent particulier sur le secteur manufacturier. Les résultats de l'etude montrent que si le modèle a contribuéà nous faire comprendre certains des processus de changement, il a laissé des vides importants dans notre compréhension de la dynamique du secteur manufacturier du Nigeria. Les raisons de cette situation sont imputables en partie à Pincapacite du modèle de prendre suffisamment connaissance de l'intervention de l'état et de la défaillance du marché, en partie à certaines de ses hypothèses inappropriées et en partie à la structure du modèle.     

发达国家制造业回流现象及成因分析:以日本为例

近十年来,一些发达国家相继出现制造业回流的现象,即跨国公司的海外子公司撤出或部分撤出东道国,把生产基地迁回国内。文章以日本为案例,分析近年日本制造业回流以及在华日资企业撤资的现象并做一些理论探讨,试图找出制造业回流背后更本质的影响因素。     

东亚经济出口竞争力的比较研究

本文首先从贸易的总量指标方面比较了东亚8个国家或地区的出口额、贸易差额及贸易结构状况；其次从行业分析方面研究东业经济的出口竞争力，分别采用ITC 国际贸易数据库测算了东亚经济的贸易竞争指数和显示性比较优势指数，并分析了东亚国家或地区在1位数SITC产品分类上的出口竞争力强弱状况，另外也利用ITC衡量贸易绩效的TP指数从14个产品部门比较了东亚经济的出口竞争力。在此基础上对于东亚经济的出口竞争力进行综合分析，得到了关于各个国家或地区竞争力强弱的一些基本结论。     

大湄公河次区域国家利率机制比较研究

本文以大湄公河次区域国家经济发展的历史演进过程为背景,较为详尽地梳理与分析了次区域各国各个时期利率机制的变化过程及其原因.以此为基础,进一步分析了次区域国家利率波动的相关性及其与中国、美国利率的相关程度.     

市场潜能与制造业空间集聚:基于中国地级城市面板数据的经验研究

本文首先建立一个关于制造业空间集聚影响因素的新经济地理学模型,然后使用中国1999~2004年210个地级城市的面板数据对地区市场潜能等因素与其制造业空间集聚程度之间的关系进行了经验分析。研究结果表明,市场潜能对制造业空间集聚具有显著为正的影响。同时,我们根据分析结果提出了一些政策建议。     

Determinants of Trade Credit in the Japanese Manufacturing Sector

This paper examines the determinants of trade credit in Japanese manufacturing companies. The empirical analysis presents evidence that the volume of trade credit is influenced not only by transactional factors but also by financial positions. The empirical test reveals that firms' future business prospects affect the volume of trade credit. Notably, for small firms whose liquidity is constrained, nontransactional factors such as an increase in cash flow reduce the need for trade credit. This paper also finds that trade payables act as a complement to bank loans. The quantitative relationship between trade payables and bank loans suggests that when monetary policy works in the financial markets, it also influences the trade-related credit markets. J. Japan. Int. Econ., June 2001, 15(2), pp. 160–177. Department of Economics, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E52, G32.     

Trade Protection and Capital Imports in the Mexican Manufacturing Sector

Several studies have investigated the link between trade protection and productivity in developing economies. Others have looked into the relationship between technology imports and in-house technology production. This paper contributes to the literature by estimating the effect of trade protection on purchases of foreign capital goods for a panel of Mexican manufacturing plants. Product-market tariffs lower the probability that a plant will import capital goods, while both output and input tariffs are associated with smaller quantities of capital imports. Capital imports are also associated with higher productivity. Thus, trade barriers may indirectly lower productivity by inhibiting the importation of foreign technologies through capital goods.     

Firm Efficiency Differences and Distribution in the Kenyan Manufacturing Sector

Abstract: This article provides empirical evidence on technical efficiency differences and efficiency distribution for three Kenyan manufacturing subsectors, namely food, metal and textile, using an unbalanced panel data covering two periods. Econometric production frontiers are estimated for each subsector in each period. The confidence predictions for these efficiencies were, however, found to be quite wide. The results indicate variation of technical efficiency estimates of the sampled firms in each period. The technical efficiency distribution for each subsector changed not only in relation to itself, but also in relation to the other subsectors across the two periods of analysis. The efficiency distribution of the firms for both food and textile (metal) subsectors improved (declined) during the study period but with the food subsector firms remaining relatively inefficient. The improvement of the technical efficiency distribution for both the textile and food subsectors is an indication of intra‐plant improvement during the period of analysis. The decline of the technical efficiency distribution for the metal subsector suggests that the market orientation during the structural reform period did not promote firm efficiencies or the firms were slow in responding to the reforms.     

Indonesian Manufacturing Sector Output and Productivity: An Australian Comparative Perspective, 1975–90

This paper provides industry-of-origin comparative estimates of real output and labour productivity in the Indonesian and Australian manufacturing sectors. It makes binary comparisons for the benchmark year 1987, and extrapolates the 1987 benchmark backward and forward using national time series, to derive comparisons for the years 1975–90. Expressed in ‘purchasing power parities’ (PPPs), the gross value of output and value added in Indonesian manufacturing in 1987 was 40% and 34% of the respective Australian levels. In 1987 the Indonesian manufacturing price level was 74% of the Australian level, and Indonesian manufacturing labour productivity was 16% of that in Australia. 1975 to 1990 was a period of catch-up. The Indonesian manufacturing price level declined from 105% to 60% of the Australian level, while labour productivity increased from 12% to 17% of the Australian level. The catch-up was greater from the early 1980s onwards.     

中外政府行政审批制度比较研究

我国政府行政审批制度与西方政府行政审批制度有本质区别。西方国家的行政审批制度，其目的是弥补市场失灵，保护市场机制；而我国的行政审批制度，其功能却是保持政府在微观经济领域资源配置的权力。要改革我国的政府行政审批制，需要重塑政府机构和官员的利益结构、缩减政府规模、建立制约政府行为的力量。     

Debt Relief and Credit to the Private Sector in African Countries

Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to empirically investigate the link between debt relief and credit to the private sector in African countries using a panel method over the period 1988–2004. The motivation for investigating the relationship between debt relief and credit to the private sector follows Christensen's (2004) hypothesis that domestic debt has a negative impact on the credit to private sector; therefore debt relief is expected to alleviate domestic debt and thereby create space for domestic credit, which if it is mostly constituted of public sector credit, crowds out credit to the private sector. The main results of the paper are as follows: (1) debt relief has a significant and positive effect on credit to the private sector in the short term; (2) in the long term, debt relief has positive effects on domestic credit to the private sector only when associated with good initial institutional quality.