国际金融危机与世界经济前景

国际金融危机目前已经发展到第二阶段,其影响从发达国家扩展到发展中国家,从金融领域蔓延到实体经济。2008年发达国家经济已经陷入衰退,全球经济增长率大幅放慢。鉴于国际金融危机还在继续恶化,2009年全球经济增长率会进一步降低。但我们认为,房地产市场2009年下半年可能会趋于走稳,油价下跌,通货膨胀压力减轻,由于主要大国采取政府干预措施以及经济政策的国际协调,全球经济发生20世纪30年代那样大萧条的可能性不大。除了短期内经济衰退之外,这场国际金融危机的中长期影响将是深远的。     

Adam Smith and the ethics of contemporary capitalism

This paper presents a theoretical elaboration of the ethical framework of classical capitalism as formulated by Adam Smith in reaction to the dominant mercantilism of his day. It is seen that Smith's project was profoundly ethical and designed to emancipate the consumer from a producer and state dominated economy. Over time, however, the various dysfunctions of a capitalist economy — e.g., concentration of wealth, market power — became manifest and the utilitarian ethical basis of the system eroded. Contemporary capitalism, dominated as it is by large corporations, entrenched political interests and persistent social pathologies, bears little resemblance to the system which Smith envisioned would serve the common man. Most critiques of capitalism are launched from a Marxian-based perspective. We find, however, that by illustrating the wide gap between the reality of contemporary capitalism and the model of amoral political economy developed by Smith, the father of capitalism proves to be the most trenchant critic of the current order.G. R. Bassiry is currently professor of Management and international business at California State University, San Bernardino, California. Formerly he served as Vice President and Acting President of Farabi University. His most recent articles on business ethics include Ethics, Education, and Corporate Leadership,Journal of Business Ethics and Business Ethics and the United Nations: A Code of Conduct,Sam Advanced Management Journal. He has also published numerous journal articles on international business, corporate strategy and corporate leadership, and is the author ofPower vs. Profit by Arno Press of New York Times.Marc Jones is a management lecturer at the University of Otago, New Zealand. His research interests include multinational corporations and economic development. He has worked as a financial analyst for Electronic Data Systems Corporation and as a management consultant for Peat Marwick Main & Company.     

Adam Smith and Catholic Social Teaching

Journal of Business Ethics - The connections between Adam Smith and Catholic Social Teaching (CST) raise several questions. The principle of subsidiarity adopted in CST, according to which higher...     

后金融危机时代实体经济的发展

金融危机远未结束,但世界经济增长是可以预期的。除了一些较小的欧洲国家之外,收入下降充其量也只是个小问题,最大的问题是失业,失业本身具有很大的危害性。欧元区要实现经济复苏,政府开支应该增加5%左右。世界需求的减少对中国经济的影响是有限的,当出口急剧下降时,中国经济以几乎相同的速度继续增长。中国目前已进入设计和创新更为重要的阶段,应该更多地发明自己的技术,创造自己的品牌,设计自己原创的产品。中国应该没有劳动力短缺的问题,但教育非常重要。到2020年之前,中国经济增长将减缓。未来除了人们的收入会增加之外,一切都是不确定的。     

Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Ethic, and Adam Smith

In The Theory of Moral Sentiments (TMS) Adam Smith draws on the Stoic idea of a Providence that uses everything for the good of the whole. The process is often painful, so the Stoic ethic insisted on conscious cooperation. Stoic ideas contributed to the rise of science and enjoyed wide popularity in Smith’s England. Smith was more influenced by the Stoicism of his professors than by the Epicureanism of Hume. In TMS, Marcus Aurelius’s “helmsman” becomes the “impartial spectator,” who judges actions in terms of the way they are seen by others. This is the key to justice, without which society collapses. Business school students should be taught that Smith’s “invisible hand” is best understood as a universal rationality that uses just actions for the benefit of the whole.     

金融危机下中美经济的前景

本文认为,股票市场下滑与房地产市场下降是经济危机的两个主要表现,其中美国房地产价值下跌实际上也是导致经济危机的一个很重要的原因.文章指出,受经济危机影响,美国股票市场暂时处于低迷状态,但基本面是好的,是积极向上的.美国2008年第四季度CDP下降了2%,2009年第一季度又下降了2%,2009年第二季度还会下降.如果不能采取比较好的政策,美国在接下来的10年里发展势头可能不会很好,但并没有进入经济大萧条时期.美国经济不会一直滑下去,将来有可能通过减少税收、提高生产力等方式走出经济泥潭,实现经济的繁荣,但要以牺牲10年的增长速度为代价.文章提出,中国人口众多,经济活力很大,中国经济的恢复是没有问题的,当然这需要制定很好的政策,如引进和开发高新技术等.中国需要变得更为开放一些,以吸引更多国际企业进入,同时中国还要发展更多的国际化公司,并在一些发达国家建立分支机构,这一点也非常重要.从工业看,中国通过与西方国家密切合作,在国际分工中的地位不断提升,这也是中国经济过去10年来不断高速增长的一个原因.如果能够继续维持较高的增长速度,中国将于2025年进入世界富国行列.中国肯定会赶上来,目前只是一个时间问题.     

亚当·斯密的市场道德秩序论

市场道德秩序论是亚当·斯密经济伦理思想的灵魂,它适合于市场经济,是道德观念、市场法则和一般准则的自发融合,并以国民素养培育为保证。德福一致、诚信守法、容忍失败是市场道德秩序论的基本原则。市场的道德秩序不仅是市场经济健康高效运行的基础,还是原发创新性的动力源泉。     

基于国际金融危机的河北临港经济发展研究

国际金融危机使我国沿海各省的临港经济受到冲击,由于河北省内向型经济特征明显,对国际市场的依赖较小,临港经济所受的冲击小于其它外贸依存度较高的沿海省份。但是,河北的临港经济发展路径需要做出如下选择:促进临港工业聚集;发展循环经济,增强持续发展能力;依托河北港口集团,整合港口资源,促进省内各港口合理分工。     

关于"亚当·斯密问题"的认识与思考

"亚当·斯密问题"持续百年之久,其中折射出的人性在道德判断和利益追求的分离与偏颇让古今中外的学者为之困惑.本文在对"亚当·斯密问题"的产生与分歧中对该问题做出了整体的把握与认识,提出经济人与道德人统一的重要性,并指出探讨、深思"亚当·斯密问题"具有深刻的理论与现实意义.     

The Rehabilitation of Adam Smith for Catholic Social Teaching

Catholic Social Teaching (CST) takes a rather cautious view toward the value of the ideas of Adam Smith, due to his emphasis on negative political and economic liberty. Detractors of Smith within CST point to what they consider to be deficiencies within his works: an impoverished moral anthropology, a lack of concern for the common good, and markets untethered to human needs. Defenders of Smith within CST tend to emphasize the material benefits that derive from Smithian institutions, such as economic growth, improvements in standards of living, and the new opportunities that arise from cultures focused on innovation. This paper argues that Smith’s ideas have real value for CST. However, this value primarily lies in his moral psychology. While not denying the dangers of business activity for our moral lives, Smith also helps us to understand the possibility of the moral corruption of those who wield political power, thus providing an indirect defense of political and economic liberty that coheres with important Christian ethical notions found in CST. This is the case even though CST does not consistently recognize concerns surrounding the dangers of wielding political power—and thus Smith’s arguments offer real challenges to CST as well. This paper further suggests that these basic insights are relevant regardless of one’s favored institutional arrangements.     

金融危机对中俄经济影响的比较分析

对比分析中俄两国遭受美国金融危机影响程度不同的深层原因,结论是,新兴经济体的经济稳定持续发展必然受到外部环境影响,相对于中国受到的影响来讲,俄罗斯遭受的冲击较大．俄罗斯应对危机的艰难给中国提供了有益启示：中国应加快产业结构调整,实现平衡与创新发展;构筑外部风险防火墙,提高金融危机管理水平。从克服危机、稳定增长和实现经济与社会协调持续发展方面看,中国需要更多提升居民消费,从而增强对经济发展的可驾御性和风险性防范意识。     

Upping the Ante for Political Economy Analysis of the International Financial Institutions

Public choice analysis has clearly demonstrated the need to consider the roles of rent seeking and bureaucratic self‐interest in influencing the international economic policies of national governments and the behaviour of international organisations. We have reached a stage, however, where more attention needs to be paid to the nature of bureaucratic incentives and the degree of discretion that bureaucracies have under different circumstances. It is suggested that the incentives for budget maximisation are likely to vary substantially from one institution to another. Specifically such incentives seem likely to be much stronger for the World Bank than fot the IMF. The evidence presented by Rolanf Vaubel for budget maximisation by the IMF is critically examined and it is argued that much of this evidence is equally constant with other hypotheses. Thus there is a need for more research on the political economy of the international financial institutions.     

全球金融危机下中国经济的可持续发展

本文认为,从我国当前经济形势来看,2009年实现增长8%没有问题.但是,从长远来看,我们应该着眼于中国经济的可持续发展.第一,转变经济增长方式.使经济增长三驾马车中的消费、内需起重要作用.拉动内需,最重要的是提高工资和财产性收入,加强社会保障体系建设,提高人民群众的购买力.第二,调整经济结构.关键是要创造新的经济增长点,要加强创新,进一步发展第三产业特别是现代服务业,如现代金融业、现代咨询业、现代会展业、现代管理业、现代物流业等,要大力发展新能源.第三,提高企业管理水平和技术水平,提高企业竞争力.第四,坚定不移地推动金融改革,坚持国际化、市场化、系统化方向.     

金融危机引发的企业危机管理思考

<正>全球持续蔓延的金融危机给世界各国企业造成沉重打击。就我国企业而言,也不可避免地纷纷出现订单下降、销量下滑、利润降低、出口受阻、裁员、降薪、破产、倒闭等现象,在外向型企业中尤为严重。但不要忘记,任何事物的发展都有内因和外因两方面的因素。外因只是条件,仅起     

美国金融危机和亚洲金融危机起因的比较

<正>2008年下半年,由美国次贷危机引发的金融危机席卷全球,至今尚未见底。1997年7月2日,泰国宣布放弃固定汇率制,实行浮动汇率制,引发了一场遍及东南亚的金融风暴,1999年才结束,这就是亚洲金融危机。两次金融危机爆发前后相距11年。本文探讨了前后两次金融危机的起因,以期对我国金融业有所警示。     

Richard Deeg,Financial Capitalism Unveiled: Banks and the German Political Economy

Small Business Economics -     

论金融危机后世界经济再平衡中的国际合作

金融危机后,国际社会着眼于推动实现世界经济再平衡,在失衡指标、宏观经济政策调整和促进共同发展等问题上加强了协调与合作,达成了解决全球失衡问题必不可少的新共识.但是,世界经济再平衡的实现不可能一蹴而就,它是一个长期的过程,需要作出持久的艰苦努力.