物业税法律体系构建

我国目前尚缺乏完备的物业税法律体系。一套完备且实操性良好的物业税法律体系是物业税改革成功的基础和保证。我国物业税法律体系的构建应遵循以下原则：将物业税立法权归中央,物业税税收行政权完全划归地方。即由中央制定物业税基本法,各地方根据本地区实际情况制定物业税实施细则。     

物业税改革对地区财力差距、政府行为的影响分析——基于31个省、市、自治区经验数据的分析

鉴于物业税改革的具体措施尚未出台，难以直接分析物业税改革的影响。基于拟开征的物业税可能包括房地产相关税收、土地相关收费、土地出让金的考虑，加上相关收费、土地出让金的数据不可得等实际情况，本文从现行房地产税制入手，运用统计、计量等手段测定房地产税收对地区间财力差异的影响和房地产税收与各地经济发展的相关程度，     

我国开征物业税的相关问题探究

正物业税又称财产税或地产税,主要是针对土地、房屋等不动产,要求其承租人或所有者每年缴纳一定的税款。从理论上说,物业税是一种财产税,是针对国民的财产所征收的一种税收。目前,世界上大多数市场化程度较高的国家都对房地产征收物业税,并以财产的持有作为课税前提,以财产的价值为计税依据。依据国际惯例,物业税多属于地方税,是国家财政的一种重要来源。在我国开征物业税的     

我国物业税设计中基础问题的探讨

开征物业税是大势所趋，对物业税体系构建中的基础问题进行了系统明确的界定。开征物业税的根本动因在于税制改革、增加财政收入和房地产业持续发展的需要。土地出让金作为我国土地出让体系中的价格表现不应合并入物业税中，否则将需彻底重建我国土地市场甚至房地产市场。开征物业税仍面临众多的障碍，如居民承受力低、信息资源无法共享和税种简化整合难度大等，近期实施的可能性不大。     

我国开征物业税的可行性及其制度设计

开征物业税是完善我国财产税制的需要,是规范和加强对房地产业税收调节的需要,我国现行土地制度不应成为开征物业税的障碍。借鉴成熟市场经济国家及我国香港特别行政区物业税制度建设的经验,集合我国的国情,我国应把现行的房产税、城市房地产税、城镇土地使用税、耕地占用税合并为物业税,同时我国的物业税应做到城乡统一、内外统一,应把物业税的征收范围确定为财产的保有环节。     

关于推进我国物业税改革的若干思考

在观念上要正确审视物业税的作用 目前,房地产税制中诸如流通环节税费高、保有环节税费少、征税范围狭窄等问题大量存在。这些问题不可能通过物业税一个税种就全部解决。从国外的经验来看,通常在物业税之外,还要完善与房地产交易、继承等方面有关的税种。因此,推进物业税改革要对房地产税制进行全面分析,合理构建房地产税收体系,不宜过分夸大物业税的作用。     

对我国土地税费改革的国际借鉴与思考

我国的土地资源十分稀缺，税收做为政府调节土地市场的重要手段，在调节土地资源方面有较好的效果。通过对一些国家和地区税收体制的总结，结合我国土地税收体制现状，特别是不合理的地方，提出了对我国土地税收体制改革的建议，从而达到优化土地配置的目标。     

当前开征物业税的若干思考

在国家整个税制改革和房地产调控的大背景下,开征物业税意义重大。物业税的开征可解决我国现行房地产税收体制存在的诸多问题,发挥税收的财政收入来源和调节社会财富分配的作用,促使资源的优化配置和合理利用。当前应做好相关基础工作,为物业税的出台创造有利条件。     

物业税改革的经济影响:一个文献综述

自从2003年我国提出物业税改革的设想后,物业税改革成为了一个热点话题.分析物业税改革可能带来的经济影响是当前讨论的重点之一.物业税将逐渐成为地方政府的一个稳定的主要收入来源.为地方政府提供长期而稳定的激励,提高地方公共财政的效率;物业税改革在短期内会降低房价,不过幅度不会太大,也不会降低购房者的负担;物业税改革还可以提高土地资源的配置效率,一定程度上缓解由土地批租制度带来的地方政府"寅吃卯粮"的问题.     

当前中国房地产税制改革的政策选择

中国房地产税制改革应本着税收效率与公平原则、税费租合理负担原则、税制简明原则、紧密结合房地产行业特点的原则进行,遵循简并税费,完善多环节多税种的房地产税收体系的指导原则。在房地产开发环节要着力推进税费改革,大力减少房地产开发销售中的不合理收费项目和沉重的行政性收费负担。在房地产交易环节完善土地增值税制度。在房地产交易环节,由于房屋征收标准、产权界定、价值评估、征管成本等各种原因,物业税当前征收条件还不成熟,需要逐步完善物业税征收的各项要求．为尽快推出物业税创造条件。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

我国助学贷款改革刍议--"双担保"机制设计

国家新出台的助学贷款政策,还不过是既有的框架下的局部调整,存在诸多不完善的地方。为此,对国家助学贷款应构建高校与就业单位的“双担保”机制。从长期来看,要构建一个系统有效的“政府部门管理和商业银行运作相结合”、“多层次、多渠道、多方式”、“担保和非担保、贴息和非贴息、市场和非市场运作互相补充”的中国教育金融框架。