信息不对称、激励与税收征管

税务机关与纳税人之间的信息不对称造成的影响:其一,造成了纳税人的逆向选择;其二,造成了税制的扭曲;其三,加大了税收的征收成本。应采取有力的政策措施减少纳税人与税务机关之间的信息不对称。在信息不对称条件下关联博弈和重复博弈可以有效地激励纳税人诚实纳税。     

信息不对称与我国税收信息化建设的思考

2001年12月中下旬，国家税务总局局长金人庆在山西考察税收工作期间，多次强调要充分运用先进的理论指导税收征管，特别提出要运用“信息不对称、理论来研究税收管理问题，把“信息不对称”理论运用到征收管理的实践中，这是一个新的理念，可以说，运用“信息不对称”可为加速税收信息化建设，推进我国征管改革的进程提供新的理论依据和新的思路。本文拟运用信息不对称理论就我国税收信息化建设谈一些粗浅的认识和看法，供参考。     

涉税信息共享进行时

无论从理论还是实践看,要切实解决征纳双方涉税信息不对称的问题、提高税收征管水平,必须建立税务机关与有关部门间的涉税信息共享税收协助制度。涉税信息是税收征管的基础,是做出税款确定、征收、处罚等决定的事实和证据来源。     

试论税收征收成本

税收成本是在税收征纳过程中所发生的各种费用,有广义和狭义之分。狭义的税收成本亦称税收征收成本（征税成本）,专指税务机构为征税而花费的行政管理费用,包括税务机关工作人员的工资、薪金和奖金支出;税务机关的办公用具和设施支出;税务机关在征税过程中因实施或采...     

信息不对称下的税收筹划

一、信息不对称对税收筹划的影响(一)信息不对称引起税收筹划的信息投资信息不对称具体表现为三个方面的特征:(1)信息分布的不完善性,即信息总是有残缺的、不完全的,表现出极大的不完善性。(2)信息存在的不均衡性,即在不同领域或不同时间信息的分布是不均衡的。(3)信息配置的不对称性,即信息在不同的个体身上的分布是不对称的。信息不对称会导致企业处于不同的税收地位,因此,信息不对称对税收筹划的影响是十分显著的,在企业税收筹划方案的设     

农村税务代理初探

我国现已确立了“以申报纳税和优化服务为基础，以计算机网络为依托，集中征收，重点稽查”的新的税收征管模式，新模式的运行，推进了依法治税，提高了税收征管质量和效率，但这种新模式在农村个全税收的征管过程中显得有些捉襟见肘，与农村个体税收点多面广、战线长、交通不便以及征收数额小而且分散的状况不太适应，导致出现农村个体业户办税成本高，早报率低等一系列问题，从根本上讲，这是集中征收和税源分散、征税成本与办税成本之间矛盾所致。     

基于信息不对称理论的税收流失问题研究

税收流失是在一定的税收制度条件下国家对所有经济活动所产生的收入应征收而未征收到的税款.税收流失的面涵盖了我国现行所有税种,流失的原因是多方面的.本文从信息不对称理论的视角对税收流失现象作出具体的分析和研究,并探讨相应的对策及措施,旨在通过畅通征纳双方信息交流渠道来治理我国税收的流失.     

信息不对称规则的税收运用

信息不对称不仅广泛存在于市场领域，在非市场领域及非市场领域和市场领域间也存在着大量的信息不对称。税收领域中的信息不对称主要表现为：偷逃税、税收欺诈、税收腐败等。我们应从信息不对称原理出发加以研究解决。     

审计业务招投标优势的博弈探析

招投标过程是投标方与招标方之间以及投标方之间的相互影响和竞争,最终达到一个均衡的过程。在此过程中,到处充斥着信息不完全、信息不对称现象——招投标双方都拥有不同的私人信息,一方常常     

委托代征管理办法

第一章总则第一条为加强税收委托代征管理，规范委托代征行为，降低征纳成本，根据《中华人民共和围税收征收管理法》《巾华人民共和国税收征收管理法实施细则》《合同法》及《巾华人民共和国发票管理办法》的有关规定，制定本办法。第二条本办法所称委托代征，是指税务机关根据《巾华人民共和国税收征收管理法实施细则》有利于税收控管和方便纳税的要求，按照双方自愿、简便征收、强化管理、依法委托的原则和国家有关规定，委托有关单位和人员代征零星、分散和异地缴纳的税收的行为。     

The Capital Tax and Welfare Effects from Asymmetric Information on Equity Markets

This paper explores the implications of informational asymmetries between domestic and foreign investors for optimal capital tax rates and welfare. It adopts a model in which asymmetric information implies a home bias in equity. The paper finds that asymmetric information may raise capital tax rates by reducing the marginal cost of taxation. Furthermore, it shows that investors may gain from informational asymmetries. Although asymmetric information increases the uncertainty as perceived by investors, it may also increase tax rates and allow for a higher consumption of public goods. This reflects that asymmetric information may reduce the distortionary effects of competition among governments.     

论税收之债的自力执行

税收之债具有自力执行的效力。所谓税收之债的自力执行,是指税务机关行使征税职权,遇有纳税人拒不履行按期足额纳税义务时,税务机关可以直接采取强制措施迫使纳税人履行纳税义务。各国税法之所以赋予税收之债自力执行的效力,主要是基于行政效力先定、税收确实及效率原则以及税收的公益性等因素的考量。同时,为了有效防止或监督税务机关滥施行政强制现象的发生,我国税法对税务机关自力执行权的行使范围、条件和程序予以了严格限制。     

Cross-border shopping and the Atkinson–Stiglitz theorem

We introduce cross-border shopping and indirect tax competition into a model of optimal taxation. The Atkinson–Stiglitz result that indirect taxation cannot improve the efficiency of information-constrained tax-transfer policies, and that indirect taxes should not be differentiated across goods, is shown to hold in this case even if countries are asymmetric. However, if the tax system must contain indirect taxation, differentiated indirect tax rates arise in the equilibrium and restricting differentiated indirect taxation can be welfare-increasing.     

The Informativeness of Dividends and Associated Tax Credits

This paper investigates the informativeness of dividends and the associated tax credits with respect to earnings persistence. After confirming that dividend‐paying firms have more persistent earnings than non‐dividend‐paying firms, we show that the taxation status of the dividend is also important. Firms that pay dividends with a full tax credit attached have significantly more persistent earnings than firms that pay dividends which carry no associated tax credit. Consistent with higher levels of tax credits identifying more mature firms, those paying dividends with full tax credits have significantly less persistent losses than firms that pay dividends with only partial tax credits. Further, market pricing tests confirm that the incremental information in dividends and tax credits contributes to reductions in market mispricing of the persistence of earnings and earnings components. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications and controlling for dividend size and firm age.     

Optimal tax-timing and asset allocation when tax rebates on capital losses are limited

This article studies the portfolio problem with realization-based capital gain taxation when limited amounts of losses qualify for tax rebate payments, as is the case under current US tax law. When the tax rate applicable to realized losses exceeds that on realized capital gains, it can be optimal to realize capital gains immediately and pay capital gain taxes to regain the option to use potential future losses against a higher tax rate. This incentive adds an entirely new and as yet unstudied dimension to the portfolio problem. It causes risk averse investors to hold more equity and attain higher welfare levels than is the case when trading under a tax system that seeks to collect the same amount of taxes, but does not allow for tax rebate payments. This is because the benefit to these investors from having their losses subsidized is greater than the suffering from having profits taxed at a higher rate.     

Exchange-of-Information Clauses in International Tax Treaties

This paper examines bilateral double taxation treaties, with an emphasis on information exchange among tax authorities. A major objective is to understand which countries are more likely to sign a tax-relief treaty and when information-exchange clauses will be added to a treaty. A simple model with two asymmetric countries and repeated interactions among governments is used. The paper shows that no information exchange clause may be added to a tax treaty when there is a reciprocity requirement, when there is a high cost of negotiation, when there is a cost of providing information, or with one-way capital flows. It is also shown that an information clause increases the gains from a tax relief treaty, but may make it less sustainable.     

提高企业所得税征管质量和效率的探讨

目前在企业所得税征管方面还存在许多问题.提高企业所得税征管质量和效率的措施包括:加强企业所得税日常管理工作;加大对税务人员的培训力度;加大对纳税人关联企业交易往来的监控;严格审核纳税人申报的财产损失;提高税务稽查选案的准确率;保证税务稽查有的放矢,提高税务稽查的质量和效率.     

从扩张走向限缩:税收优先权在民事执行程序中的实现路径

不论是“先税后证”还是包税条款,从结果上都呈现出税收优先权在民事执行程序中扩张的趋势。税收优先权扩张所提升的执法效率不足以弥补民事交易秩序的减损。《税收征管法》和《民事诉讼法》都没有明确规定税收优先权在民事执行中的实现方式,导致司法实践中频频出现截然不同的裁定,严重影响了执行的效率和交易的可预期性。税收债权应当遵循债权受偿的逻辑,除满足税收债权公示的形式要件外,不享有优先权。民事执行程序中的新生税款不宜一概作为执行费用优先支付。从程序要件和实体要件上对税收优先权进行限缩,有助于平衡税收债权人和民事债权人之间的利益,保障交易安全,推动税收治理能力的提升。     

金融机构在税收征管中的第三方协助义务——以金融隐私权为核心

随着金融交易在现代经济中的重要性日益突出,金融信息也成为税收征管不可或缺的重要课税资料之一。但金融机构基于金融隐私权的保护而承担的信息保密义务,却已成为制约税务机关获取金融交易信息的重要法律障碍之一;这一障碍即便是《税收征管法》明确规定金融机构的第三方协助义务后也无法予以清除。因此,如何在金融隐私权的保护与税务机关金融信息的取得之间实现一定的平衡,如何促进金融机构积极履行其在税收征管中的第三方协助义务,便成为《税收征管法》修改的重要内容。为此,有必要构建税务机关获取金融信息的渠道、确立金融机构协助义务的履行,并明确税务机关获取信息的法律界限。