城市总体规划中消防规划的地位、作用及其与其他专业规划的关系

消防规划是城市总体规划中一项非常重要的专业规划，与城市总体规划中的各项专业规划密切相关，其编制与城市总体规划同步进行同步实施。     

Planning eco‐industrial parks: an analysis of Dutch planning methods

In theory, eco‐industrial parks can make significant improvements in the environment. In that light, this article analyses six planning methods currently in use in the Netherlands. The most salient findings are that these methods lack an explicit vision of sustainability, they do not give due consideration to symbiotic or utility‐sharing options, they do not sufficiently engage the companies involved in the development and their policy instruments have a limited environmental impact. The planning methods prove to have many shortcomings: the definition of sustainability is unclear; there are no quantitative standards; information on symbiosis and utility sharing is inadequate; the economic and organizational implications are largely ignored and the environmental impact is insufficiently monitored. However, eco‐industrial parks can only have greater environmental benefits through symbiosis and utility sharing. Therefore, location‐ and company‐specific factors have to be taken into consideration. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment     

Robust planning: a new paradigm for demand chain planning

This paper proposes a new paradigm for tactical demand chain planning (DCP), called robust planning, based on risk assessment of the supply and demand chain. The concepts of supply chain management (SCM), and its extension demand chain management (DCM), have been at the center of much recent research. One of the reasons for this is that, over the last years, a significant number of information systems have emerged, which claim to support the concept. The paper argues that these systems mostly adopt a myopic view of planning, based on pure deterministic planning methods. It demonstrates that such an approach fails to coop with the considerable uncertainty of the planning information. The proposed robust planning paradigm is then introduced and its impact explained, using the well-known example of the beer game. It holds the promise of reducing the number of re-planning cycles, through a better characterization of the expected service level performance over a medium planning horizon. Finally, a case study will show the value of robust planning in a European chemical enterprise.     

关于控制性详细规划编制的探索与思考——基于《城乡规划法》的视角

通过对《城乡规划法》中关于控制性详细规划的法定地位、编制组织、审批与修改程序以及管理规定的分析,结合我国武汉、宁波、保定三个城市控制性详细规划编制的实践,对新的制度环境下控制性详细规划编制与管理所面临的共性问题进行了思考,进而探讨了《城乡规划法》背景下控制性详细规划编制与管理方法的创新思路与有效途径。     

关于西部小城镇控规的若干思考——基于《城乡规划法》的视角

《城乡规划法》的实施对我国城市规划体系产生了很大的影响,尤其是控制性详细规划法律地位的加强和镇一级控规的增加,对于我国今后控规的编制和实施有了更高的要求。立足于西部小城镇的发展现状,从新法对控制性详细规划的要求出发,分析了控规在西部小城镇中实施的不足和难点,认为西部小城镇在规划的编制、管理和控规适应性上都存在一定的困难,其中小城镇纷杂的用地权属、《物权法》的实施对控规编制和实施的适宜性提出了更实际的要求。最后列举了部分实例,总结了西部小城镇控规编制的难点并提出相应的解决建议,使得控规能够作为小城镇建设的指导依据。     

展望2030未来之城——创建以人为本的城市(上)

人类从未停止过对未来生活的想象。而作为生活载体的城市,作为居住载体的建筑,也是被想象得最多的对象。跟人类有着进化一样,城市也一直在自我改进,它又是按怎样的规律变化着?2030年,我们的城市会是怎样的?本期《泛地产·大视界》带你展望未来之城的发展脉络,探讨如何创建以人为本的城市。     

A management planning model for the delivery of family planning services

A management planning model for the delivery of family planning services is presented. Markovian probabilistic properties have been adapted for projecting patient flow for a set of various alternative strategies for scheduling patient visits in a health care system. By quantitatively formulating the scheduling problem in terms of pertinent inputs, management objectives and imposed restrictions, optimization of patient flow in the system for efficient utilization of health care resources is achieved through standard linear programming techniques.     

生态城市规划体系

生态城市不仅反映人类谋求自身发展的意愿,也体现了人类对人与自然关系更深刻的认识。生态城市不仅仅要在城市环境方面体现生态学的理念,还要在城市经济、城市社会、城市文化生活等诸方面体现生态学的理念。将生态学的理念全方位地贯彻到城市的发展过程,就需要有一个生态城市规划。本文从生态城市的环境生态、经济生态和社会生态三方面论述了生态城市规划体系的内涵。     

强化规划龙头地位推动城市快速发展

株洲位于湖南省东部,处在长株潭三角地带,辖五县四区,面积11420平方 公里,人口368万,其中城市建成区面积58平方公里,人口72万.株洲历史悠久,中华民族 的始祖炎帝神农氏就长眠在境内炎陵县的鹿原陂.作为建国后依托铁路交通优势建设和发展起 来的新兴工业城市,株洲在解放初期还是一个面积仅为1.5平方公里、人口不足7000人的县 属小镇.在由一个落后小镇向现代化工业新城跨越的50年历程中,株洲市始终注重城市规 划的科学制定和严格管理,强调发挥规划对城市建设和区域经济发展的调控和引导作用,逐 步走上了一条人口增长、资源利用、环境保护与经济发展协调同步的可持续发展之路.近年 来,株洲连续获得"全国绿化先进城市"、"全国卫生城市"和"全国城市环境综合整治优秀城市"等荣誉称号.     

Investment planning for irrigation development projects

This paper considers the problem of choosing among the technologies available for irrigation by tubewells to obtain an investment plan which maximizes the net agricultural benefits from a proposed project in a developing country. Cost and benefit relationships are derived and incorporated into a mathematical model which is solved using a modification of the dynamic programming procedure for solving the knapsack problem. The optimal schedule is seen to favor small capacity wells, drilled by indigenous methods, with supplementary water distribution systems.     

A model for university enrollment planning

The expansion to year-round university operation by the addition of a summer term makes enrollment planning both more complex and more critical. Unless the summer term's effects on enrollment levels in the conventional terms are controlled, the potential financial benefits from year-round university operation can be greatly diminished. A mathematical programming model is developed to determine the admissions policies necessary to maintain optimal enrollment levels in all terms in the academic year. The model is used to analyze admission policies for Yale University under conventional (i.e. two-term) operation, and with the proposed summer term.     

Iterative pricing for planning foreign trade

In many industrialized countries there exist large idle production capacities. Conceivably, these might be used for increased economic aid to developing countries and for the stimulation of trade with incompletely convertible currency territories. Concurrently, a stimulation of the economic development of the industrialized countries might be achieved. In developing countries, there may be need for using available export resources in an efficient way to obtain required imports. In the Soviet sphere of influence, there is the problem of how the state foreign trade monopolies should allocate available export quantities and scarce convertible currencies, so as to obtain required import quantities. Related problems were encountered by Western boards of trade after the war in allocating import and export licences. This paper deals with the problem how to attain efficient allocations in foreign trade with the help of modern electronic computational technique. The computational system may be developed to account for inter-industry relations and industrial investments in order to achieve a high rate of economic growth. Editor's note: This is the first of a series of articles on foreign trade planning scheduled to appear inEconomics of Planning, 1963. The author wants to express his sincere gratitude to Professors Gunnar Myrdal, G?ran Ohlin, Ragnar Frisch and Aron Yakovlevich Boyarskij for generous scientific support and criticism; to Dr. Ketternath Bhagwandin, Gunnar Ehrling, and Lars Nilsson for advice in connection with the computer program and for the generous grant of computing time by the Swedish Board for Computing Machinery.     

Multi-period layout planning for hospital wards

Layout planning for hospitals is a long-term decision. Nevertheless, medical and organizational factors change over time. For example, demand for different-sized bed rooms varies based on medical requirements and patient preferences. In this paper, we consider the planning of ward layouts over multiple periods using different approaches. The fixed ward layout models aim at minimizing either the number of demand violations or costs for installing fixed patient rooms. In contrast, the variable ward layout model allows for layout adaptations to satisfy demand. Thus, additional costs for the movement of walls have to be considered. The application of the different approaches as a decision support tool for hospital planners is explained. Hence, it can be derived in which settings the costs for adapting a layout do not exceed the benefits of such a change. Computational experiments demonstrate the applicability of the models for realistic instances.     

方案规划:市场经济体系下城市总体规划的有效工具

城市规划方案的核心内容包括对下列问题的回答:哪种土地利用类型,多大土地开发强度,在哪里,什么时候,为什么开发,同时如何通过交通发展将新开发的土地有机地联系起来,如何提供城市基础设施满足新增的城市空间发展.当然,城市规划也要回答如何将城市经济发展与环境保护,社会发展,文化和历史文物保护等连接起来.本文介绍方案规划,内容,要素,及其评价.指出方案规划定量地模拟未来城市发展,客观定量地评价不同的城市规划方案,避免或减少规划方案评价的主观因素,提高决策的科学性.