The ideological influence in Schumpeter's thought

Journal of Economics -     

人学视阈中的思想政治教育

思想政治教育蕴涵着丰富的人学底蕴,人的未完成性是思想政治教育的前提,人的主体性是思想政治教育的基础,人的理想信念教育是思想政治教育的核心内容。把握思想政治教育的人学底蕴,有助于我们更好地认识思想政治教育的基本规律,不断提高思想政治教育的针对性和实效性。     

Moderation of an ideological party

It is a common fear in many countries that ideological parties will come to power through elections but will implement extreme policies. Many countries cope with this problem by overriding the election results when such parties are elected. We demonstrate that the alternative approach of containing these parties within the democratic system is more effective. We show that, as the probability of state's intervention in the next elections increases, an ideological party implements a more extreme policy in equilibrium. This hurts the median voter. Our main result shows that from the median voter's perspective, the optimal intervention scheme can be implemented by committing not to intervene and adjusting election times appropriately. That is, elections are a better incentive mechanism than the threat of a coup.     

The difference indifference makes in strategy-proof allocation of objects

We study problems of allocating objects among people. Some objects may be initially owned and the rest are unowned. Each person needs exactly one object and initially owns at most one object. We drop the common assumption of strict preferences. Without this assumption, it suffices to study problems where each person initially owns an object and every object is owned. For such problems, when preferences are strict, the “top trading cycles” algorithm provides the only rule that is efficient, strategy-proof, and individually rational Ma (1994) [1]. Our contribution is to generalize this algorithm to accommodate indifference without compromising on efficiency and incentives.     

The political determinants of government spending allocation and growth

I study the allocation of spending, and the impact of politics on regional growth in Greece, using a large dataset that covers the period between 1959 and 2010. I find that electoral districts that vote for the majority party and are represented by majority MPs receive more spending from the central government, and grow faster. Districts do not seem to enjoy any additional benefits when their elected representatives also occupy positions in the executive branch of the government.     

The representation of shadow values in resource allocation teams

In problems of allocating infinitely many resources, which often arise in models with time or uncertainty, the dual space of the trade constraint contains many elements which may not be representable as a system of prices. Although this problem has been discussed in the efficiency price literature, such theorems may not be useful in models where there are many decision makers, each with different information. The appropriated representation theorems are provided. Similarity with theorems in the efficiency price literature is discussed and an extension of the approximation results found there is also presented.     

Party governance and ideological bias

Informed opinions are essential to a good functioning of democratic institutions. Political intermediaries, such as parties, make up the free-riding voters' informational deficit. Public opinion and voting outcomes are shaped by those parties whom the voters trust.The credibility of parties is fashioned by their internal organization. The paper investigates one aspect of party governance, namely the allocation of control rights over platform design. The party's leadership either selects a platform, or simply recommends a platform for adoption by the rank-and-file. Under the latter (democratic) institution, the leadership has no formal authority, but for informational and procedural reasons may still have substantial real control over the final platform, depending on the congruence between leadership and rank-and-file. In particular, the rank-and-file is generally more concerned with the ideological content of the platform than the leadership, who is motivated by the benefits from electoral office. The paper argues that in centrist parties, the high congruence of interest between the rank-and-file and office seekers leads to systematic rubberstamping of the leadership's electoral platforms; the resulting weak internal control mechanism hurts party credibility.     

The effect of housing allocation on social inequality in Hungary

The main characteristics of the present Hungarian housing sector are as follows: there are state-owned apartments with rents centrally fixed at a very low level and privately owned houses and condominiums sold at high prices on the free market. In cities chronic housing shortages prevail. This paper investigates the impact of the dual housing market on social inequalities. After surveying the ethical principles of contemporary Hungarian socialism, we examine the factual distribution of dwellings and the variables explaining it. It is shown that the redistributive effect of state subsidies in housing does not reduce, but, on the contrary, increases inequality.     

契约配置与制度配置：路径比较

契约配置和制度配置的路径存在重要差异。契约配置路径包括私人交易演进型、政府之间与社会团体之间交易演进型和政府、社会团体与私人之间交易演进型等路径。制度配置路径包括契约演进型、需求型、供给型和引进型等路径。契约配置和制度配置路径比较的经济学意义表现在二者均具有稀缺性,在经济资源配置中具有不同的作用,并存在路径依赖关系,促进二者的耦合性是市场经济的本质要求。     

The allocation of consumer expenditures in a Swedish macroeconomic model

The paper presents and estimates demand functions for components of consumer expenditures in Sweden, based on quarterly data for 1963–72. The model employed, while simple, possesses some attractive features. Income elasticities may be different from unity and complementary as well as substitutionary cross price effects are allowed. Aggregation restrictions hold at all points in time. Additional restrictions such as symmetry and zeroes are added. Results for Sweden from the model are compared to earlier findings by Dahlman and Klevmarken, Goldberger and Gamaletsos, Lluch and Powell, and Parks, who have tested double-logarithmic forms, the Linear Expenditure System, and the Rotterdam model.     

The voting mechanism and market allocation: A note

An example is provided identifying a new case of inefficiency arising from the interplay between the political and market mechanisms.     

Aid allocation rules

This paper studies an aid allocation rule used by major development agencies, and investigates optimal allocations when recipients are neoclassical economies undergoing transition dynamics. When recipients face aid absorption constraints, allocations that favor poorer recipients are not always optimal, contrary to what is assumed in assessments of donor performance. The most quantitatively significant factors that determine the optimal sensitivity to recipient characteristics are the generosity of the aid budget and the extent of absorption constraints. In neoclassical recipients, aid can only accelerate growth where there is already growth, so the optimal rule places little weight on growth and optimality is largely a matter of balancing recipient need against absorption constraints.     

Sharing-group allocation problems

We deal with allocation problems among sharing groups. We introduce some allocation rules and axioms. The egalitarian rule is characterized by equal treatment of equal groups, solidarity, and group consistency.     

The complexity of resource allocation and price mechanisms under bounded rationality

Summary We develop a framework for designing and evaluating the complexity of mechanisms that allocate resources in a distributed setting to agents or processors with bounded computational ability. We discuss several mechanisms and describe the construction of efficient price based mechanisms, which exploit the decentralized aspects of the problem. These price mechanisms are polynomial in the number of resources, precision of the solution, and the logarithm of the number of agents.We thank Thomas Marschak and a anonymous referee for helpful suggestions. This research was been supported by National Science Foundation Grant IRI-8902813.     

思想政治工作要重视对微博的研究

对于微博来说,其最为核心的功能就是信息的发布和获取、网络人际关系的构建与维护等。军队思想政治工作从一定意义上可以说是一种特殊的传播活动,借鉴微博这种新的手段传播形态理论与实践,可以丰富军队思想政治工作的手段,拓展思想政治工作的视野和范围,增强思想政治工作效果。     

Reclaim-proof allocation of indivisible objects

We study desirability axioms imposed on allocations in indivisible object allocation problems. The existing axioms in the literature are various conditions of robustness to blocking coalitions with respect to agentsʼ ex ante (individual rationality and group rationality) and ex post (Pareto efficiency) endowments. We introduce a stringent axiom that encompasses and strengthens the existing ones. An allocation is reclaim-proof if it is robust to blocking coalitions with respect to any conceivable interim endowments of agents. This is an appealing property in dynamic settings, where the assignments prescribed by an allocation to be implemented need to be made in multiple rounds rather than all in one shot. We show that an allocation is reclaim-proof if and only if it is induced by a YRMH–IGYT mechanism (introduced by Abdulkadiroğlu and Sönmez, 1999) and if and only if it is a competitive allocation.     

“中国梦”之于大学生思想政治教育的启示

随着社会的发展、时代的进步,在经济社会与文化社会都逐步改革和完善的今天,当代大学生的思想政治教育也发生了不可忽视的变化。“中国梦”是以全面建成小康社会、建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家为主要奋斗目标的国民梦想。因此,将“中国梦”融入到大学生思想政治教育中,提高大学生思想政治教育的针对性和实效性,确保大学生树立正确的人生观、价值观、世界观,正是当前高校思想政治教育的一项重大课题。