Global human development: accounting for its regional disparities

This study’s multilevel statistical models quantify the effects of civilization zones and instrumental factors on the capacities for human agency that a country provides its citizens. These capacities are measured by the UN’s human development index, which synthesizes measures of literacy, longevity, and income. Indicators of political democracy, slavery, national debt, corruption, and internal conflict gauge the instrumental factors. Political freedom and emancipative employment coupled with civil order account for the regional differences in human development scores; civilization zones, heavily indebted poor countries, and corruption influence the variability among countries within the regions.     

Spatially blind trade and fiscal impact policies and their impact on regional economies

The evidence for the US suggests that spatially blind policies often generate greater impacts on regional economic growth and development than policies specifically targeted at regions on regional issues generally. In this presentation, attention will be directed to two sets of national policies that have been promulgated without due consideration of their specific spatial (regional) impacts – trade policy and fiscal policy.Drawing on research conducted for the US, Japan and Brazil, an examination of trade policies will be presented, using the experience of NAFTA in North America and MERCOSUR in Brazil. Some further analysis of experience in Colombia will also provide insights into the role of national trade policy and, in the case of Colombia, fiscal decentralization policies. The second part of the presentation will examine fiscal policy impacts mediated through regional business cycles; the experience of Japan and the US will be examined.The results affirm the important implications that national (spatially blind) policies can have on regional economies; in the case of Brazil, trade policies have exacerbated already wide differentials in per capita income across states.     

Gender and regional employment differences: an industrial relations approach

This paper analyses gender differences in regional employment in Europe. An industrial relations approach is used, which requires that regulations and institutions in the labour market be analysed in regard to power relations in the workplace. Gender relations and working conditions are seldom included when welfare-state arrangements and the functioning of the labour market are discussed at a national level. The results of this study show that welfare-state policies, in a broad sense, support women's opportunities to take part in paid work in the labour market. Women in Europe are beginning to occupy an increasing share of the new jobs that are created as they improve their labour-force participation rates. Women are also moving into higher growth sectors of the economy to a larger extent than men. But in terms of occupations, hierarchies and power relations, the mechanisms of segregation in the workplace are changing very slowly. While considerable literature exists on the segregation processes within organizations, very little deals with how to change segregation patterns and how to balance the differences in power between women and men in the workplace.     

中国三大都市圈经济增长趋于收敛还是发散?——基于协整分析和Granger因果检验

本文采用Engle和Granger(1987)提出的协整检验方法和Im、Pesaran和Shin(1997)的方法,从时间序列分析角度入手,研究目标是在不同的空间尺度上(全国和三大都市圈),从不同的时间尺度上揭示中国区域经济差异的演化规律。探索改革开放以来三大都市圈区域经济不平衡程度的演化历程与变化趋势。主要结论:长三角和珠三角具有收敛趋势而环渤海都市圈内不存在收敛;三大都市圈之间不存在收敛趋势,在长期受两个共同冲击的影响。     

A measure of regional influence with the analytic network process

The metropolitan region is commonly defined by a socio-spatial network of urban nodes that are linked in territory and function. Such a network is differentiated by size and dominance of the linked nodes, characterized by physical or virtual flows of a wide-ranging variety. The analytic network process (ANP) is a multi-criteria analytic method that measures the influence or dominance of the nodes in a network with feedback. We illustrate how ANP determines county rank as a measure of influence in a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) defined by its interrelated socio-economic and spatial elements qualitatively and quantitatively. We compare the ANP results to similar measures of regional influence in the literature.     

我国人力资本的地区性趋同假说及实证分析

本文证明了我国经济增长倒U形趋同理论的一个必要条件，即我国人力资本的地区性趋同假定。首先在设定人力资本投资率一致的条件下，本文基于物质资本的边际收益递减规律，提出了人力资本地区性趋同假定，证明了相对趋同与绝对趋同的一致性。然后通过计算我国改革开放以后各省区的人力资本数据验证了这一假定，并给出了预测结果。最后提出了增加人力资本，缩小人力资本地区差异的政策建议。     

An analysis of geographical agglomeration and modularized industrial networks in a regional cluster: A case study at Yamagata prefecture in Japan

In a regional innovation system, a dense inter-organizational network within the region is recognized as a key factor in enhancing knowledge diffusion, regional learning, and effective resource transfers. Therefore, understanding the network structure and physical proximity of organizations is essential. In this paper, we investigated the industrial structure of Yamagata prefecture in Japan as a case study. Because Yamagata is a representative industrial region, the analysis can also provide an insight into other industrial regions. Initially, we investigated the geographical dispersion of firms and found them to be agglomerated along Route 13 and the Tohoku Shinkansen railroad, indicating that infrastructures for transportation still have a decisive role in terms of site location. Subsequently, we analyzed the modular structure of the inter-firm network. The results showed that hub firms construct a different type of network and play different roles within the inter-firm network, reflecting their strategic choice. The results also showed that there is a tendency for firms to transact with those in close proximity, and that firm location is also affected by the location of the hub firm in the module in addition to the infrastructures.     

山东省区域城市化水平综合测度研究

在建立区域城市化水平测度指标体系的基础上,运用因子分析方法,以山东省17个地级市为研究地域单元,对山东省区域城市化水平进行了综合测度,并通过聚类分析将其划分为4种类型,同时分析了山东省城市化水平的地域差异特征、各类城市发展所面临的问题及其发展方向.     

我国区域城镇化发展差异及其分解

基于对我国省际区域间城镇化发展差异的初步分析,运用锡尔系数对其做了进一步的分解研究,以深入探求城镇化发展的区域差异及其变化趋势。结果表明,随着改革的深入,我国城镇化发展的总体地区差异在逐步缩小,而东、中、西部三大地带①间以及西部地区内部的省际差异近年来则有所反弹,但二者占总体差异的比重逐渐提高。     

Content analytic approach to measuring constructs in operations and supply chain management

This paper presents and illustrates the content analytic approach to measuring constructs in operations and supply chain management (OSCM). In this paper, a methodological review of OSCM empirical research in 2002-2007 is provided to highlight that OSCM empirical studies, unlike those in other business disciplines, have rarely used content analysis as a methodological tool. This paper then reviews the methodological strengths of content analysis, which lie primarily in its malleability, economy of data collection, repeatability, and unobtrusiveness. These strengths not only make content analysis a viable empirical method but also position it as a method that can be used in concert with other empirical methods in OSCM research, such as survey, case study, and secondary research methodologies. This paper also proposes a generic framework for a content analytic approach to measuring theoretical constructs, illustrates the application of the framework to a construct in the OSCM literature (buyer-supplier relationalism), and reports the satisfactory results of reliability and validity tests for the content analysis-based measure of buyer-supplier relationalism. In addition, this paper proposes and demonstrates that the use of convergence study in tandem with content analysis can substantially reduce the content analysis efforts needed in measuring the construct of interest, thus improving the overall efficiency of the process of content analysis.     

United States digital divide: State level analysis of spatial clustering and multivariate determinants of ICT utilization

This study analyzes factors associated with availability and utilization of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for U.S. states. We construct an exploratory conceptual model of technology utilization in which eight dependent ICT availability and utilization factors are posited to be associated with fourteen independent socio-economic, demographic, innovation, social capital, and societal openness factors. Technology utilization variables are spatially analyzed to determine extent of agglomeration, and regression residuals are examined to eliminate spatial bias. Findings indicate social capital, education, societal openness, urbanization, and ethnicities are significantly associated with ICT utilization. We suggest important implications for policymakers at state and federal levels.     

Economic crisis in the European periphery: An assessment of EMU membership and home policy effects based on the Greek experience

In this paper we examine the evidence on the impacts on the Greece economy of enhanced transfer assistance from the EMU as well as that of the domestic policies of the Greek government. A simple macroeconomic model is constructed to incorporate the issues related to the formation of the economic and financial crisis in Greece, and to analyze the impacts of Greek government's domestic policies. The model's solution is employed to highlight the outcomes that we believe could be related to EMU membership and Greek government policies after assuming membership. Our finding is that intervention by the Greek government either worsened the harmful impacts of the transfers, or altered the outcomes in a deleterious fashion; the policies which were put in place were of a nature leading unavoidably to a severe economic crisis and eventual bankruptcy.     

Regional development and migration in the Lower Basin of the Zambezi River. The importance of property rights

Globalization is associated with pressures and conflicts over natural resources, with migration, urbanization and development. The analyzes these phenomena focusing the Lower Basin of the Zambezi River in Mozambique where external demand over natural resources have been associated with huge projects on transport infrastructures, coal mining and agroforestry, somehow correlated with recurring conflicts. The approach proposes and uses a regional development model that highlights the impacts of the spatial allocation of property rights on income and migration. Results show the importance of resources ownership in the spatial profile of development and social unrest.     

我国区域经济社会发展的动力机制与图景展望

我国区域经济社会发展是以生态支撑力和民生保障力为依托,围绕产业结构调整和转变经济发展方式两大主轴,以投资驱动力、区际联动力、消费拉动力和文化资本力为动力的动态反馈调整系统,呈现出“美丽中国”、幸福中国和特色中国三大图景,以实现十八大报告中提出的到2020年“区域协调发展机制基本形成”的目标。     

A framework to measure the relative socio-economic performance of developing countries

This research develops a framework to estimate the relative efficiency of developing countries in utilizing both their domestic and external resources to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. The analysis highlights distinct efficiency differences across lending groups and geographic regions e.g. between Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. The performance of regions exposed to natural disasters and political violence need to be analyzed individually and risk management ought to be an integrated part of development policy. The gap between the Millennium Development Goals and human rights approaches is then examined. Finally, we qualify a country's performance level as potentially sustainable in terms of human, social and environmental welfare, in turn searching for realistic benchmarks and intermediate targets for the relatively inefficient countries. Principal component analysis in combination with data envelopment analysis was applied to solve the problem of efficiency overestimation with multi-dimensional scaling used to present the issue graphically. In summary, the aim of this work is not to rank countries in a league table rather to provide a framework that combines economic, environmental and social issues in order to search for sustainable, pragmatic benchmarks, pushing the boundaries of the Human Development Index.     

A synthesis of the production function and the shift-share model : A new regional modelling approach

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a new approach to regional modelling and show the way by which regional expansion paths of output and employment can be developed. Basically, the theoretical model is a synthesis of the production function for the industry (or region), the shift-share model, and a set of hypotheses and a number of identifies concerning the growth components of employment. The growth components of employment specified by the shift-share model and explained by the hypotheses enter and modify the production function in the sense that the shift-share model is linked directly to the production function in which the labor factor appears disaggregated into three distinct components (regional-share, industrial-mix, and national growth component). The theoretical model was tested for the manufacturing industry of the Greek economy. The policy implications of this model center around the fact that policy-makers can affect regional economic variables towards the desired level and direction.     

行政分权体制下城市区域发展战略创新的制度分析——以北京市市区两级"五年计划"的制订为例

20世纪80年代以来的行政性分权改革,极大地调动了大城市区县政府发展地区经济的积极性.在行政分权的体制下,如何协调市区两级的战略规划,如何激励战略创新,与决策过程的制度设计密切相关.以北京市市区两级"五年计划"的制订为例,试运用制度经济学的方法,对大城市市区两级五年计划决策过程的组织结构和创新机制进行简要的概括和评价,并对决策过程的制度选择做出初步探讨.     

中国网络基础设施资本回报率的区域差异与空间收敛性研究

研究目标:揭示我国网络基础设施资本回报率的区域差异及其空间收敛性。研究方法:采用生产函数法测算出1993～2019年全国、分区域和分省份的网络基础设施资本回报率,并运用Dagum基尼系数及其分解方法,揭示网络基础设施资本回报率的区域差异,进一步借助收敛模型、普通面板模型、空间面板模型,检验其收敛性。研究发现:中国网络基础设施资本回报率在样本期间呈波动下降趋势,且平均值由东向西呈梯次降低态势。除中部地区内部差异呈波动下降趋势外,全国整体以及东部、西部地区均呈上升态势;三大区域间差异也均呈波动上升趋势。区域间差异是产生如此差异的最主要来源,区域内差异次之,超变密度最小。就收敛特征而言,仅东部地区存在显著σ收敛;全国和三大区域均存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛,且在后者时收敛速度都相对更大;然而,进入工业化后期后,全国整体的β收敛趋势已不存在。研究创新:较早聚焦网络基础设施资本回报率,刻画并测度其空间分布和区域差异,检验其σ收敛、β收敛,探究促进收敛的影响因素。研究价值:对于缩小网络基础设施资本回报率的区域差异、促进区域间网络基础设施的协调发展具有重要意义。     

衡量上市公司信息披露程度研究综述

在对近半个世纪以来(1961-2008)国内外相关文献研究的基础上,文章着重论述了西方国家研究者所采用的衡量上市公司信息披露程度的研究方法,分析了区分自愿性、强制性或混合性披露的研究选择、衡量披露程度的指数构造以及对披露指数的加权(或不加权)与赋值处理等,归纳了有关衡量上市公司信息披露程度的研究在内容、范围和数据来源等方面的发展态势以及未来可能的研究方向。     

科学发展观与资源型城市可持续发展

认为资源型城市是我国城市职能体系中的一种重要的城市类型,在我国社会经济建设过程中曾做出了重大的贡献.然而,由于其自身发展的特征以及知识经济、信息经济和经济全球化等新的经济形态和经济现象的出现,资源型城市面临着较为严重的经济、社会、生态可持续发展问题.在分析资源型城市的发展特征、新经济时代资源型城市所面临的可持续发展问题的基础上,提出了以科学发展观为指导的资源型城市可持续发展的对策措施.