The German federal employment program for regions with special employment problems: An evaluation

A special labor-market program to support regions with high unemployment was introduced in the Federal Republic of Germany in the summer of 1979. The program is evaluated through analyses of the determinants of the take-up rate and estimates of the impact on the unemployment rate using Box-Jenkins analysis. Evaluation of the program indicates some success with respect to training and public works creation, but also some serious shortcomings in design and implementation.     

A model for demographic mobility analysis under patterns of efficient employment

Conclusions The primary objective of this paper has been to provide a broadened framework for combining economic and demographic planning in a way which is also consistent with planning and accounting models developed and employed by both demographers and economists. In addition we also want to have this same framework available for extension to other types of multi-dimensional social-economic planning possibilities. One set of such examples may be found in the work by Stone [28], Wilson and Rees [34] and the United Nations' current program for developing systems of social and demographic accounts for possible use in new and improved approaches to country development planning. Another example, which, though broader, is also somewhat more theoretical may be found in [25] where explixit use is made of the E matrix for linking economic and demographic dimensions in planning applications.In this paper we have focused on Leontief-type analyses, extended to provide demographic linkages, because we want to adapt some of the sharper concepts of economics (e.g., Pareto optimality) to provide additional assistance for guiding and coordinating eco-demographic planning interactions. To be sure, such concepts are of interest in their own right, as when, say, an improvement in conditions for fulfilling career aspirations may cause a wrosening in one or more components of final demand. They are also of interest for other reasons as well. In particular they are of interest as an alternative to only empirical extrapolations or predictions for long range plans especially when, as we show here, they can yield relatively stable guides for longer range plans.The idea, of course, is to utilize these stable patterns in relatively flexible ways and not for the purpose of only imposing a supposedly coherent regimen on all subsequent activities in an economy-or other such social unit. This means that some idea of the significance of these guidelines and their potential alterations must also be available. It is to this end that our kind of theoretical underpinning is supplied. On the one hand, it provides access to a well thought over body of concepts, e.g., from the main body of welfare economics. On the other hand, it supplies access to manipulative and computational power which is readily available from demographic as well as economic analysis in ways that can be readily implemented via modern electronic computational facilities, etc.Other extensions are also in order, of course, and may be effected via stochastic formulations to deal with items like labor turnover and considerations of inter-sectoral and occupational mobility and employment. Growth and other phenomena which relate to demographic as well as economic dimensions will also need to be essayed but these are best left aside for subsequent treatments which can consider them separately with more explicit attention to other quality of life dimensions to which they are evidently related²⁵.     

Off-the-job training and the shifting role of part-time and temporary employment across institutional models. Comparing Italian and British firms

This article investigates intensity and composition of off-the-job training investments of Italian and British firms in relation to their workforce heterogeneity with respect to the presence of non-standard workers. The main purpose is to assess the relationship between off-the-job training volumes and composition and the recourse to the main types of non-standard employment, that is temporary and part-time contracts, at firm level. Empirical evidence drawn from national surveys of the two countries shows more similarities than expected in terms of the correlation between non-standard employment and training volumes whilst substantial differences arise when disaggregating training interventions according to the types of skills to be developed. Both institutional settings and the different roles of part-time and temporary employment in the labour markets of the two countries contribute to the interpretation of the results.     

The American work force, 1992-2005. Occupational employment: wide variations in growth

The economy is expected to continue generating jobs for workers at all levels of education and training; service workers are projected to be the largest group, while professional specialty is expected to be the most rapidly growing group.     

From temporary help jobs to permanent employment: what can we learn from matching estimators and their sensitivity?

The diffusion of temporary work agency (TWA) jobs has led to a harsh policy debate and ambiguous empirical evidence. Results for the USA, based on quasi‐experimental evidence, suggest that a TWA assignment decreases the probability of finding a stable job, while results for Europe, based on the conditional independence assumption (CIA), typically reach opposite conclusions. Using data for two Italian regions, we rely on a matching estimator to show that TWA assignments can be an effective springboard to permanent employment. We also propose a simulation‐based sensitivity analysis, which highlights that only for one of these two regions are our results robust to specific failures of the CIA. We conclude that European studies based on the CIA should not be automatically discarded, but should be put under the scrutiny of a sensitivity analysis like the one we propose. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The market reaction to announced deep cuts in capital expenditures

The objective of the study reported in this paper was to examine the role of deep cuts in capital expenditures as a firm's strategy for becoming more efficient and, in turn, more competitive. Based on an empirical study, support is provided for the argument that deep cuts in capital expenditures may be a viable strategy for realigning corporate priorities toward a more efficient operation. The measure of performance utilized in this paper is the stock market reaction to announced deep cuts.     

公共就业服务中存在的问题及其解决方略

以公共就业服务中对失业人员就业与再就业的促进为主题进行了调查研究,着眼和立足于该过程中所呈现的现实问题与多种困惑,从公共就业服务视角努力寻求鼓励与促进失业人员就业与再就业的有效措施。就公共就业服务的四种职能,通过满意度调查和相关年鉴数据的分析,以及相关工作人员的访谈,探究了目前公共就业服务对失业人员就业与再就业的促进作用。针对公共就业服务现状及鼓励失业人员就业与再就业的现实性和有效性,提出了具有可行性的就业与再就业促进措施及改善建议。     

Oil and gas stock price reactions to federal tax legislation

The purpose of this research is to assess the effects of major tax legislation on the stock prices of firms in the oil and gas industry. Event study methodology is used to examine the behavior of security prices of oil and gas firms in response to the Joint Conference Committee vote in August 1986.     

Defining the federal role in housing: Back to basics

The several objectives of government intervention in the housing sector and the economic rationale for them are briefly reviewed. The case for and efficiency of this intervention is then examined pursuant to two objectives—ensuring the availability of adequate and affordable housing to low-income households and encouraging homeownership. Present approaches are found wanting in both cases. The paper concludes with suggested modifications that appear to be reasonable on budgeting, efficiency, and political grounds.     

An intertemporal analysis of the shifting of FHA discount points to buyers

In this paper, hedonic regressions are used to analyze a seven-year sample of monthly sales of bungalows in Chicago. Even when sales are considered within individual sections of Chicago, the FHA dummyindependent variable and the ‘points’-independent variable usually have negative coefficients. In certain areas of Chicago there is an absence of conventional loans and conventionally qualified buyers. Consequently, sellers in these neighborhoods must sell using FHA-insured mortgages and may be prevented from fully shifting points to the FHA buyer in the absence of competing financing alternatives. The use of FHA mortgages in these transactions means that the standard hedonic approach cannot correctly measure the extent of point-shifting because the housing/demographic characteristics decrease sales-prices at the same time the point-shifting increases them. The estimated FHA coefficients reflect the net result of these effects.     

Distribution of income and expenditures across nations

This paper outlines a premise that state social and economic planning in recent decades were the outgrowth of Marxist doctrine, even though Marxism as an economic system failed to materialize. The paper addresses the rise of the New Left with its doctrine of radical economics and its influence for state planning. For this purpose, the paper compares 126 countries grouped by income distribution and income inequality. The findings indicate that richer economies perform better than economies of lesser income in the distribution and equality of income.     

Parametric and semi-parametric modelling of vacation expenditures

We analyse several limited dependent variable models explaining the budget share that Dutch families spend on vacations. To take account of the substantial number of zero shares, two types of models are used. The first is the single-equation censored regression model. We estimate and test several parametric and semi-parametric extensions of the Tobit model. Second, we consider two-equation models, in which the participation decision and the decision on the amount to spend are treated separately. The first decision is modelled as a binary choice model; the second as a conditional regression. We estimate and test parametric and semi-parametric specifications.     

灵活应变从整机转向零部件——访美国保迪公司中国区域经理涂滨

美国保迪公司(以下简称保迪公司)是一家专业设计、制造特种类别输送机的公司,设计、制造转弯皮带输送机和螺旋皮带输送机至今已有50年的经验,其产品能解决许多普通直线输送机不能解决的难题.保迪公司设计、制造的特种类别输送机已在全球范围内广泛应用于机场行李处理系统、货物处理系统、食品饮料等各类工厂.在中国,其产品已应用于上海浦东国际机场行李处理系统、北京新首都国际机场行李处理系统、DHL包裹处理系统、食品饮料生产等企业,并赢得了客户的满意.     

Navigating the shifting landscapes of HRM

A confluence of mega-trends mean that HR is experiencing disruption and change on an unprecedented scale. This special issue is designed to inform our understanding of these shifting landscapes of HRM. In this overview we detail the broad contextual backdrop of key changes, before providing an overview of the six articles that make up this special issue. The articles cover agile HR, HR disruption, strategic human capital, employee health and safety, HR co-creation and global flexible working arrangements. We conclude by threading key insights together with suggestions on how theory and research might seek to better embrace disruption and navigate the shifting landscapes of HRM. This includes striving for interdisciplinary insight, finding motivation in practice, looking back to go forward, using multiple pathways for understanding, challenging assumptions and accommodating HR agency. The understanding and insight offered in this special issue hold special relevance in the context of the COVID-19 crisis.