中国风险投资企业项目管理的核心问题及其解决策略：组织和人力资源管理角度的思考

项目管理作为风险投资行业成功运作的关键环节 ,却被国内诸多风险投资企业所忽视。本文以该行业发展较为成熟的美国为比较对象 ,以文化—制度—技术三层面为研究框架 ,分析了中国风险投资产业的软肋———项目管理的特殊性及其存在的问题 ,提出了国内风险投资公司在项目管理中的组织控制和派出监管人员的策略。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviews in this article: MANAGING CHANGE FOR COMPETITIVE SUCCESS Andrew Pettigrew and Richard Whipp STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES: MANAGING PEOPLE FOR HEALTHY PROFITS Vernon Coleman OUTPLACEMENT: A GUIDE TO MANAGEMENT AND DELIVERY Max Eggert PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: A MANAGER'S GUIDE John Toplis, Vic Dulewicz and Clive Fletcher     

Towards a Theory of Organizational Improvisation: Looking Beyond the Jazz Metaphor

abstract This paper calls for research on organizational improvisation to go beyond the currently dominant jazz metaphor in theory development. We recognize the important contribution that jazz improvisation has made and will no doubt continue to make in understanding the nature and complexity of organizational improvisation. This article therefore presents some key lessons from the jazz metaphor and then proceeds to identify the possible dangers of building scientific inquiry upon a single metaphor. We then present three alternative models – Indian music, music therapy and role theory. We explore their nature and seek to identify ways in which the insights they generate complement those from jazz. This leads us to a better understanding of the challenges of building a theory of organizational improvisation.     

Researching Corporate Social Responsibility Communication: Themes,Opportunities and Challenges

Growing recognition that communication with stakeholders forms an essential element in the design, implementation and success of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has given rise to a burgeoning CSR communication literature. However this literature is scattered across various sub‐disciplines of management research and exhibits considerable heterogeneity in its core assumptions, approaches and goals. This article provides a thematically‐driven review of the extant literature across five core sub‐disciplines, identifying dominant views upon the audience of CSR communication (internal/external actors) and CSR communication purpose, as well as pervasive theoretical approaches and research paradigms manifested across these areas. The article then sets out a new conceptual framework – the 4Is of CSR communication research – that distinguishes between research on CSR Integration, CSR Interpretation, CSR Identity, and CSR Image. This typology of research streams organizes the central themes, opportunities and challenges for CSR communication theory development, and provides a heuristic against which future research can be located.     

Cultural value orientations of the former communist countries: a gender-based analysis

This article argues that there is a trend towards enterprise unionism in a number of countries. The authors begin by defining enterprise unionism and developing a framework of analysis in terms of activities, governance, and resources. Utilizing this framework, six countries – Japan, US, France, Germany, UK and Australia – are examined. The trend towards enterprise unionism is best seen in terms of collective bargaining and joint consultation. The authors then consider various explanations for this tendency, including unions and their members, the state, and employers in their market context. This is followed by a discussion of the implications, which may be drawn, and the research gaps, which need to be filled.     

陕西省凤县矿产资源开发中存在的问题及对策分析

矿产资源开采是陕西凤县经济的支柱产业,近些年来,矿产企业的快速发展,拉动凤县经济以一个平稳、快速的态势发展。但是,在此过程中,也出现不少问题。本文为了对相关问题进行深入探究,首先调查研究了凤县矿产资源在开发过程中存在的主要问题,然后分析了原因,进而探讨了解决途径。     

Board Committees in Corporate Governance: A Cross‐Disciplinary Review and Agenda for the Future

The importance of board committees – specialized subgroups that exist to perform many of the board's most critical functions, such as setting executive compensation, identifying potential board members, and overseeing financial reporting – has grown over time due to increased legal requirements and greater complexity of the environment in which firms operate. This has resulted in a large body of work examining board committees across the accounting, finance, and management disciplines. However, this research has developed rather independently within each discipline, preventing scholars and practitioners from developing a comprehensive understanding of board committees. To address this issue, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature that: 1) summarizes and synthesizes antecedents and outcomes associated with board committees in publicly‐traded firms in English common law countries; and 2) offers a critical analysis of existing research, providing recommendations for advancements and new directions in board committee research.     

The Bargaining–sales‐delegation Game

This article revisits the managerial delegation literature led by Vickers ( 1985 ), Fershtman and Judd ( 1987 ) and Sklivas ( 1987 ) by introducing a bargaining mechanism between owners and managers over managerial contracts. It shows that the degree of bargaining interacts with the extent of product differentiation in determining whether the sub‐game perfect Nash equilibrium is sales delegation or profit maximisation. In contrast with the classical result, no sales delegation emerges and the typical prisoner's dilemma of the managerial delegation literature is solved. This holds in both contexts of Cournot and Bertrand rivalries. The article also provides results for the more general cases with heterogeneous managerial bargaining power and endogenous decisions of the owners regarding the bargaining power of the manager that should be or not be hired in a firm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Searching for a balance: work–family practices,work–team design,and organizational performance

The crucial impact of work–family issues on employee's well-being has been recognized and responded with a variety of research in field of organizational behavior. However, few studies examine the impact of how work–family practices affect productivity at firm-level. Following the research stream of strategic human resource management, we proposed that work–family may form the norm of reciprocity, which is a more sophisticated and more critical, internal social-structure component to enable organizational performance. We also examine the contingent effect, work–team structure – on the extent to which the work–family practices are appreciated by employees – and then create complementarities. We conduct a longitudinal study and utilize a data set of 204 Taiwanese public-traded firms to test our hypotheses. The results show that, contrary to our prediction, utilizing work–family practices does not have a significant positive impact on organizational productivity. However, the most important finding of this study is that there are synergies between work–family practices and work–team design on organizational productivity. Work–team design is an important situation in which the returns of work–family practices can be enhanced.     

PUTTING GIDDENS INTO ACTION: SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND MANAGERIAL AGENCY

This article examines the influence of Anthony Giddens on recent work in management studies, especially the contribution of his structurationist perspective to understanding managerial agency. A citation analysis and discussion of prominent exponents such as Ranson et al. (1980), Andrew Pettigrew and Hugh Willmot, concludes that Giddens’influence is substantial but lopsided. Giddens’concern for the intersection and tension between different social systems has been particularly neglected. Drawing on the insights of current ‘institutionalist’studies of societal influences on organizations, the article builds a structurationist account of managerial agency that is founded on the contradictions within and between different social systems. The article ends by considering the implications of this structurationist account for current concerns with managerial leadership, organizational symbolism and strategic choice.     

The reception of Anglo leadership styles in a transforming society: the case of American companies in Vietnam

This article examines the transfer of Anglo leadership styles in a transforming society. It aims to investigate the transferability of two American leadership styles, namely performance-oriented and participative styles, to Vietnamese subsidiaries. Utilising an exploratory case study approach, this article presents evidence of a strong acceptance of these leadership styles, and tries to ascertain whether the adoption of a humane style of leadership in line with Vietnamese traditions is a means of leaders reconciling the cultural gap. Several complexities arise from the transforming nature of the Vietnamese socio-political and economic context. Specifically, the importance of subcultures – particularly those relating to generation – is highlighted. Situational contingencies, such as the skills set of the recipient group, also emerge as important considerations. Finally, the authors call for leadership dynamism as a means of facilitating congruence and adaptability between the leadership styles used and the various contextual complexities encountered in the transfer and reception process.     

Grand Societal Challenges and Responsible Innovation

Grand societal challenges (GSCs) represent complex, multi-level, multi-dimensional problems that require concerted efforts by various actors – public, private, and non-profit – to be successfully addressed. Businesses – alone or in conjunction with governmental and non-profit organizations – are relevant actors in this regard, as they represent a source of innovation. Responsible innovation (RI) is a framework that allows for the governance and evaluation of innovations with regard to their potential harmful consequences and positive contributions to societal challenges. Moreover, it stipulates that this evaluation process should be facilitated by appropriate governance structures at various levels. The aim of this article is to expand theorizing on GSCs and RI and to encourage research that explores their links. We outline pertinent characteristics of GSCs that make current conceptualizations of corporate social responsibility and social innovation limited in addressing GSCs. We explicate the reflexive and participative capacities of RI governance as a complementary and promising way forward. Finally, we introduce the contributions to this Special Issue as illustrations of relevant theoretical and empirical groundwork around GSCs and RI, and outline the agenda for future research.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Agnew, J. 1987: Place and politics: the geographical mediation of state and society. Djaiet, H. 1986: Al Kufa: naissance de la ville islamique. Gilbert, A. and Healey, P. 1985: The political economy of land: urban development in an oil economy. Hadjimichalis, C. 1986: Uneven development and regionalism: state, territory and class in southern Europe. Harris, C.C. 1987: Redundancy and recession in South Wales. Hirsch, J. and Roth, R. 1986: Das neue Gesicht des Kapitalismus: Vom Fordismus zum Post-Fordismus. Manners, G. and Morris, D. 1986: Office policy in Britain: a review. Martins, M.R. 1986: An organizational approach to regional planning. Slater, D. editor, 1985: New social movements and the state in Latin America. Watson, S. with Austerberry, H. 1986: Housing and homelessness: a feminist perspective. Whittington, D. editor, 1985: High hopes for high tech: micro-electronic policy in North Carolina.     

Linking people management and extra‐role behaviour: results of a longitudinal study

This article examines the validity of the assumption that employees' perceptions of those people management activities of their supervisor that impact on employees' abilities, motivation and opportunities to perform influence employee extra‐role behaviour. The results of a longitudinal survey with data from 3,368 employees provide support for this assumption. This study's distinctive features – the concept of people management that involves the management of HR implementation, the longitudinal research design, and the use of the AMO framework for specifying the linkages between HRM and performance – make it possible to address the core questions in the HRM‐performance debate that still remain unanswered according to Guest.     

土地出让金与城市经济增长关系实证研究

在我国城市化快速发展的过程中,土地资源对城市经济增长的作用是举足轻重的。我国的土地有偿使用制度,使得土地资本化成为可能,而土地出让金作为土地资本化的一个重要指标可以衡量土地资源在城市经济增长中的作用,这为本研究提供了切入点。通过时间序列数据和面板数据定量研究,分析了土地出让金规模与城市经济增长的关系及其在城市经济增长中发挥作用的途径和方式。对处于不同经济发展阶段的城市进行了数据分析,探讨了土地出让金在城市经济增长中发挥作用的变化规律,认为随着城市经济发展水平的不断提高,土地出让金对城市经济增长的作用将逐渐减弱。这一结论为土地出让金制度改革提供了一定的理论依据。     

Book Reviews

Books review in this article: Intervention In Occupational Stress: A Handbook of Counselling For Stress At Work Randall R. Ross and Elizabeth M. Altmaier Managing Human Resources and Industrial Relations John Storey and Keith Sisson Shaping Strategic Change, Making Change In Large Organizations, the Case of the National Health Service A. Pettigrew, E. Ferlie and L. McKee Attending to Work: the Management of Attendance and Shopfloor Order Paul Edwards and Colin Whitston Trade Unions: the Thatcher Years. Ten Years of the Jim Conway Foundation Annual Memorial Lecture 1981–1990 Stockton on Tees     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Allen, S. and Walkowitz, C. 1987: Homeworking: myths and realities. Beck, U. 1986: Risikogesellschaft. Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne. Benyon, J. and Solomos, J. editors, 1987: The roots of urban unrest. Dear, M.J. and Wolch, J.R. 1987: Landscapes of despair: from deinstitutionalisation to homelessness. Donnison, D. and Middleton, A. editors, 1987: Regenerating the inner city: Glasgow's experience. Faludi, A. 1987: A decision-centred view of environmental planning. Friedmann, J. 1987: Planning in the public domain: from knowledge to action. Hall, P., Breheney, M., McQuaid, R. and Hart, D. 1987: Western sunrise: the genesis and growth of Britain's major high tech corridor. Lawson, R. editor, with Naison, M. 1986: The tenant movement in New York City, 1904–1984. Reulecke, J. 1985: Geschichte der Urbanisierung in Deutschland. Sternlieb, G. 1986: Patterns of development. Wood, J. 1986: Southern capitalism: the political economy of North Carolina, 1880–1980.     

中国出口贸易可持续发展水平实证研究 --基于1985～2003年的时间序列数据分析

本文尝试从出口贸易的社会经济效益和生态效益角度创建测度出口可持续发展水平的分层评价指标体系，并利用灰色关联分析方法建立出口贸易可持续发展水平时序评价模型，最后基于中国1985～2003年的时间序列数据进行实证研究。研究结果显示1985-2003年中国出口贸易的社会经济效益水平整体明显改善，但这主要源于出口规模扩张，并且在多数年份中国出口社会经济效益获取要以同期出口生态效益水平恶化作为代价。总体上看，1985-2003年中国出口贸易可持续发展综合水平呈缓慢曲折上升趋势。     

THE ROLE OF THE SERVICE SECTOR IN THE ECONOMY OF METROPOLITAN GENEVA, 1975–1985

Modern production systems are characterized by the growth of service industries and the increasing interdependence between services and the production of goods. Further, current research is becoming increasingly concerned with the strategic role of certain service functions in the process of economic growth. In this paper we examine these phenomena in the specific context of the economic structure and evolution of metropolitan Geneva. We begin by presenting an alternative typology of economic activity, and then employ this typology to examine three aspects of Geneva's economic structure: its configuration in 1985; its evolution over the period 1975–1985; and intrametropolitan shifts of economic activity. Finally, we compare Geneva to other metropolitan areas and cities in Switzerland, France, and Canada, in order to demonstrate the universality of the processes taking place.     

Covid-19 attacks the body of purchasing and supply management: A medical check of the immune system

Much like the immune system of the body, the ‘immune system’ of purchasing and supply management (PSM) is also affected by the Covid-19 virus. Medicine must hinder the spread of the virus and outbreak of disease, just as PSM must prevent risk events and handle supply disruptions. The existing debate on supply resilience and robustness can be demonstrated using this medical analogy. The purpose of this article was to perform a medical check of the ‘PSM immune system’ to identify lessons and research gaps when confronted with a low-frequency-high-impact event such as the pandemic. As a provocative note, this article identifies research gaps in elements of the immune system of PSM (e.g., helper cells – consultancy support or memory cells – feedback loops). The results call for a more holistic debate on the immune system of PSM. Two approaches for research on ‘conventional’ or ‘alternative’ risk management schools of thought are presented as a basis for future discourse on how to improve the PSM immune system.