科技查新工作在企业技术创新中的研究与应用

自主创新已成为经济社会发展的内在动力。而技术的创新需要及时、完整、专业、可靠的信息资源来支撑,文章就科技查新工作与企业技术创新的关系进行了探讨,同时通过具体实例指出两者是密不可分的。     

试论科技查新在技术创新中的作用

界定了科技查新的概念,分析了科技查新在技术创新中的重要作用。     

落实《科技查新规范》规范查新工作

国家科学技术部发布了《科技查新机构管理办法》和《科技查新规范》,从2001年1月1日开始施行,两个文件的发布使科技查新工作有法可依,有章可循。指出了在开展查新工作时应如何贯彻落实科技查新规范。     

论智能科技在仪器仪表中的应用

当今，光互连技术正以极高的时空带宽、极小的电磁干扰和较小的互连功耗等一系列独特的物理性能，克服了电互连技术物理上的本质极限，为动态、灵活、高速、实时地重构网络互连结构，大大提高并行处理能力，开创出一个全新天地。智能自动化技术的应用正在全面渗入到仪器仪表工业。     

浅析智能住宅小区建筑中的网络技术应用

智能小区的发展目标是给住户提供一个安全、舒适、便利的居住环境。智能小区的基本目的是达到人与建筑及环境的共生共荣,满足住户在安全性、居住环境的舒适性、便利的社区服务与社区管理、具有应用效应的网络通信等方面的实现和个性化需求。网络技术的应用是智能住宅小区中不可缺少的元素。他将主要运用在家庭安防,停车管理,家庭网络等等生活细节中。     

信息服务中的网络检索方法

当今时代,随着网络信息的日益增长,信息数据呈几何倍数增加,普通用户从网络上搜索自己真正想要的信息,已经是越来越难的事情.由用户提出需求,相关机构或个人通过专业的网络检索,向用户推荐适当的信息资源,已逐渐成为一种新的发展趋势,具有个人定制性质的信息服务由此而生.本文对信息服务及网络检索的基本概念及现实困难进行简要叙述,并重点对如何进行有效的网络检索进行了详细的阐释,以期为信息服务中的网络检索提供更加切实有效的方法.     

基于科技查新表象反映出的新疆企业科技创新方向选择及引导对策研究

文章对2005年-2010年新疆科技情报研究所的查新项目进行分类统计分析,找出近年来查新项目在数量、用途、行业分布、用户群及区域方面所存在的内在规律及变化趋势,并进一步挖掘出潜在的用户及可拓展的业务,同时剖析出中心存在的问题,并结合中心具体实际情况对科技查新走向可持续健康发展道路进行探索,缩短与同行的差距,走出一条独具特色的发展道路。     

网络科技信息资源的检索策略

网络科技信息资源包括:电子期刊资源、图书信息、学位论文资源、电子论坛和电子会议、网络数据库等.用户可以利用搜索引擎、专业信息资源导航系统,或右直接进入科技信息网站或数据库获取信息资源.本文介绍了利用搜索引擎、专业信息资源导航系统获取科技信息的策略.     

智能信息“推-拉”技术在高校科研信息管理中的应用

针对当前高校科研信息管理所面临的形势和特点,提出应用智能信息“推-拉”技术来解决高校的科研信息管理问题,该技术包括智能信息推送技术和智能信息获取技术;进一步分析了应用该技术的科研信息管理方案,并指出了该技术给实际工作带来的好处。     

网络技术在财务管理中的应用

面对新世纪环境的变迁：经济全球化，知识经济迅速兴起，电子商务的发展，企业重组，必然导致企业集团的财务管理出现重大的变革。主要表现：     

基于Web的科技成果管理的分布协调与互操作

针对我国科技成果管理目前现状提出相应的解决方案，特别就分布式科技成果管理的协调和互操作的实现机制进行了探讨并给出了可行的操作框架模式。     

The analytics of search with posted prices

Summary. This paper investigates the characteristics of the optimal posted price in the standard sequential search paradigm. Much of the intuition gleaned from the extensive sequential search literature in which the seller adopts a reservation price does not carry over to the posted price setting. For example, an increase in buyer valuations can lead to a reduction in the optimal posted price. We do, however, provide sufficient conditions on the hazard rate function h which ensure that an increase in demand induces an increase in the optimal posted price. As exhibited herein, the analysis of the posted price model depends critically upon analytical properties of h. Amongst the issues treated are the elasticity of demand, finite horizon, sale of multiple units, and competitive equilibrium. Received: October 21, 1999; revised version: March 7, 2000     

The changing role of science in the innovation process: From Queen to Cinderella?

An overview of how the role of science in relation to innovation has been defined over the past five decades is given, showing a change from a linear to a chain-linked model of interpretation. A third analytical grid, leading to a new model is proposed, summarizing the current research on the nature of economically useful knowledge, the diversity of intervening players in learning and the outcomes of innovation. While the chain-linked view surpassed the linear model by emphasising that science is part of the process but not necessarily the initiating step, we need today to explicitly acknowledge the multi-player dimension of innovation and the wider institutional setting where distinct forms of learning take place. The reason is simple: almost all high added value products embody elements of scientific knowledge. But science is only one of a plurality of other sources of knowledge that induce innovation-based growth. More attention should also be given to understanding markets and organisations.     

基于熵权的TOPSIS法在智能电表评标中的应用

在智能电网设备招投标的整个过程中,最能有效避免风险的两个重要环节就是对投标单位的资格审查和评标。对国家电网公司来讲,评标是招标中至关重要的环节,它将直接关系到对提供智能电表企业的选取结果,而评标方法又是评标工作能否客观、顺利开展的决定性因素。针对传统信息系统项目评标中单纯由主观判断确定指标权重方法的不足,提出了将主观判断与客观情况相结合、定性定量相结合的熵权法来确定指标的权重系数,进而将TOPSIS法与熵权系数综合集成进行合理方案的评价。将该方法应用于智能电表评标过程实践中,取得了较为满意的结果。     

工作流技术在办公自动化系统中的应用

工作流技术是办公自动化系统中的核心技术之一,因此,对工作流、办公自动化系统的概念做了详细介绍,并在此基础上介绍了工作流技术在办公自动化系统中的应用,最后介绍了一个已完成的公文流转子系统中采用的相应技术。     

试析网络环境下高校大学生如何利用图书馆电子资源

网络环境更多的是指网络资源与网络工具的组合。网络环境一般要由固定的设施、资源和平台等共同构成,用来为师生提供服务。电子资源是指所有以电子数据形式把文字、图像、声音、动画等各种形式的信息贮存在光盘、磁盘、磁带等非纸质的载体中,再通过计算机、网络通信或终端等方式再现出来的资源。而高校图书馆的电子资源更是不容忽视的重要一个环节,它是高等学校教学、科研不可缺少的一部分。     

Asymmetric search and prospect theory: choice experiment on consumer willingness to search in the gasoline retail market

We use an internet survey conducted among a representative random sample of drivers in the State of Ohio consisting of a choice experiment designed to examine the mechanism driving asymmetric search. The internet survey affords us the opportunity to overcome endogeneity difficulties by imposing exogenous price changes on gasoline consumers to examine the decision-making process behind intended search decisions. We randomly assigned participants to one of five price treatments (either 2.5 or 5% above or below their reported expected price, or no change). We provide a simple empirical model to derive testable implications under prospect theory and use the internet survey to test them. Results indicate that among the respondents who faced prices below their expected price, only 12% chose to search, whereas 45% searched when prices were above. Further, we find results consistent with asymmetric search being driven by prospect theory. The change in consumers’ willingness to search is twice as large when prices exceed expectations by 2.5% relative to when prices exceed them by 5% suggesting that consumers derive utility of finding a good deal evaluated relative to a reference price. We show that this result is inconsistent with standard utility theory or consumers using alternative reference prices.     

Sustaining sustainability science: The role of established inter-disciplines

The establishment of new interdisciplinary fields such as ecological economics, human ecology or technology assessment can be interpreted as a logical consequence of striving for new sustainability sciences that address current global, multi-dimensional and multi-scale challenges. These set out to bridge the gap between the natural and the social sphere, between scientific analysis and societal action. This paper aims at re-assessing the contribution of established inter-disciplines to sustainable development. Journal articles of ecological economics, technology assessment and science and technology studies are evaluated and compared along several proposed features of sustainability science. The results converge in two crucial aspects. (1) Concise societal or political recommendations are not part of present day ‘normal science’, be it a disciplinary or an explicitly interdisciplinary research context. (2) Participatory exercises are rarely applied as a socio-politically embedded practice, despite a high interest in such exercises as an object of study and discussion.     

Personal attitudes in the assessment of the future of science and technology: A factor analysis approach

In 1996, the second German Delphi study (“Delphi '98”) was started. The Delphi '98 is a two-round Delphi expert survey being conducted by the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI) on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Education, Research, Science, and Technology (BMBF). The study was published in February 1998, and is now getting into its implementation phase. Its inherent focus is on the development of science and technology in 12 thematic fields in the next 30 years. To arrive at a better understanding of the influence of personal attitudes towards general developments in natural environment and society, the respondents were asked in the first round of the Delphi survey for their personal opinion towards several megatrends concerning the natural environment, economic, sociological, and political developments. Over 2,300 answers led to a very solid database, which gives insights into the general attitudes of the German R&D experts. On some topics, there is a high consensus, whereas in others, opposite opinions coexist. These results may serve as the database for a factor analysis leading to the identification of five different expert types. This paper examines the crucial question of whether different patterns in assessing the future development in science and technology by expert types can be observed. In general, it turned out that differences in personal attitudes towards megatrends do not influence the estimation of developments in science and technology. However, differences exist in specific topics and the distribution of the five experts types among the respondents differs significantly in the 12 fields.     

Developing science: Scientific performance and brain drains in the developing world

Establishing a strong scientific community is important as countries develop and requires both producing and retaining of important scientists. We show that developing countries produce a sizeable number of important scientists, but that they experience a tremendous brain drain. Education levels, population, and per capita GDP are positively related to the number of important scientists born in and staying in a country. Our analysis indicates that democracy and urbanization are associated with the production of more important scientists although democracy is associated with more out-migration.